During the Gaza war, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan supplied seventy percent of Israel’s oil through Turkey and Russia.
During that period, twenty five countries supplied crude oil and refined fuel to Israel.
A recent report by Oil Change International provides this information.
In the updated report, 323 tanker voyages carrying a total of 21,2 million tons of crude oil and refined products from twenty five countries to Israel were recorded between 1 November 2023 and 1 October 2025.
171 of these shipments consisted of crude oil, with a total volume of 17,9 million tons. According to the report, %70 of the crude oil entering Israel came from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.
Azerbaijan’s crude oil is delivered to the port of Ceyhan in Turkey through the Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan pipeline. The report notes that because the pipeline ends in Turkey, the country of origin is recorded as Turkey in official documents, although all oil carried through the pipeline is known as “Azeri BTC”.
Kazakhstan’s oil is documented in a similar way. Crude oil delivered to Novorossiysk on the Russian coast of the Black Sea through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium is recorded in documents as originating from Russia.
The report also shows that 17 countries sent a total of 3,3 million tons of refined oil products to Israel through 152 tanker voyages. %45 of these shipments came from Russia.
The United States sent 360,000 tons of JP-8, which is jet fuel used in military aviation, on nine voyages to Israel, along with two additional voyages carrying diesel fuel. The fuel was produced at the Bill Greehey refinery in Texas owned by Valero.
Dr. Irene Pietropaoli, author of a legal opinion concerning genocide in Gaza, reminded that in light of the provisional ruling issued by the International Court of Justice, states must consider that any support for Israel’s military operations may expose them to the risk of involvement in genocide.
The legal opinion raises questions about whether fuel exports to Israel by states violate the International Court of Justice requirement to prevent and punish genocide.
In September 2025, the United Nations Independent International Commission called on member states to halt the supply of weapons, equipment and also jet fuel to Israel or to third countries whenever there is suspicion that such items may be used in operations that could amount to genocide.
