Avtoritarizmin d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 median\u0131n bo\u011fulmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 sinxron \u0259laq\u0259ni a\u015fkar etm\u0259k – azad median\u0131n reanimasiya edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131 avtoritar al\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131lmal\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya qoyur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nM\u0259qal\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin qanunlar\u0131 t\u0259dric\u0259n s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 b\u0259zi jurnalistl\u0259r\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ev v\u0259 K\u0130V-l\u0259r\u0259 maddi yard\u0131m etm\u0259kl\u0259, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi h\u0259bsl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 K\u0130V-l\u0259ri qapatmaqla \u201ck\u00f6k\u0259 v\u0259 k\u00f6t\u0259k\u201d siyas\u0259ti y\u00fcr\u00fctd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc, bununla psixoloji \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc \u0259ld\u0259 saxlama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulay\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u0259dqiqat konkret hadis\u0259l\u0259r fonunda, keyfiyy\u0259t y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc analitik yana\u015fmaya \u0259saslanaraq, normativ s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq hesabatlara istinad, struktur-institusional analiz yolu il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan hakimiyy\u0259tinin media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t mexanizml\u0259rini ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yaz\u0131da h\u0259m\u00e7inin media m\u0259lumatlar\u0131na, ekspert r\u0259yl\u0259rin\u0259 istinad edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r:<\/strong> azad media, m\u00fcst\u0259qil media, repressiya, senzura, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcsenzura, reklam bazar\u0131, avtoritarizm<\/p>\n\n\n\nM\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r:\u00a0<\/strong>material \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t 2005-ci ild\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6vr\u0259 aid elektron m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nN\u0259z\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nYaz\u0131 avtoritarizmin t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fc fonunda \u201cMedian\u0131n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si\u201d (Media Capture)\u00a0n\u0259z\u0259ri yana\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259c\u0259k. \u201cMedian\u0131n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si\u201d \u0259d\u0259biyyatda formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 geni\u015f i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259ri yana\u015fmad\u0131r. Q\u0131saca, \u201ct\u0259nziml\u0259yici \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259\u201d (regulatory capture) m\u0259ntiqinin media sah\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259tbiqidir: d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131, hakim siyasi elitalar v\u0259 ya oliqarx qruplar m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t, reklam-tender ax\u0131nlar\u0131, h\u00fcquqi-normativ \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259, t\u0259nziml\u0259yici qurumlar v\u0259 redaksiya idar\u0259etm\u0259si \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n mediaya sistemli t\u0259sir quraraq kontent g\u00fcnd\u0259liyini \u00f6z xeyirl\u0259rin\u0259 \u201c\u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r\u201d. Bu, klassik senzura il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r; kooptasiya, iqtisadi as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 selektiv h\u00fcquqi t\u0259zyiq vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcsenzuran\u0131 strukturla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r .\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259tbuat\u0131n h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 institusional t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si: 1992\u20132021-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda azadl\u0131qdan n\u0259zar\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7id prosesi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n1992-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f K\u0130V haqq\u0131nda qanun bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259tbuat\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n \u0259sas qanun olub. 1999-cu il\u0259 kimi q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259 olan bu qanun bir \u00e7ox c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n hakimiyy\u0259tin maraqlar\u0131na cavab verm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00f6kum\u0259t ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 vaxtlarda onun normalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131ran add\u0131mlara \u0259l at\u0131b. M\u00fcst\u0259qil ekspertl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fcsb\u0259t qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndiril\u0259n h\u0259min qanun hakimiyy\u0259t n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ill\u0259r boyu t\u0259nqid\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b. Onlar bu qanun d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si z\u0259rur\u0259tind\u0259n vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131blar. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 1999-cu ild\u0259 K\u0130V haqq\u0131nda yeni qanun q\u0259bul olundu. Bu iki qanun aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq n\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi? 1992-ci ild\u0259, AXC hakimiyy\u0259ti zaman\u0131 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f \u201cK\u00fctl\u0259vi \u0130nformasiya Vasit\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda\u201d qanun il\u0259 1999-cu ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n qanun \u0259sas\u0259n mediaya t\u0259m\u0259l bax\u0131\u015f kontekstind\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirdil\u0259r. 1992-ci il qanunu postsovet m\u0259kanda nadir liberal n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri kimi mediaya d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sini minimuma endirir, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flara v\u0259 ictimai birlikl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0259zet, jurnal v\u0259 informasiya agentliyi t\u0259sis etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 verirdi. Lakin 1999-cu ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f yeni qanun \u201cd\u00f6vl\u0259t sirri\u201d, \u201cekstremizm\u201d, \u201cmilli v\u0259 dini d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 zidd\u201d kimi geni\u015f v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rh\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259r\u0259k median\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r g\u0259tirdi. Bundan ba\u015fqa, K\u0130V-in t\u0259sisi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirdi. \u018fdliyy\u0259 orqanlar\u0131nda d\u00f6vl\u0259t qeydiyyat\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtini g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259tbuat\u0131n i\u015fin\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq imkan\u0131 verdi. \u018fg\u0259r 1992-ci il qanununda m\u0259tbuata d\u00f6vl\u0259tin m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si prinsip olaraq m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131sa, qanunun yeni, 1999-cu il versiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259\u00a0 h\u0259m d\u0259 \u201cd\u0259st\u0259k v\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t\u201d funksiyalar\u0131nda legitimlik verdi. \u00a0 Bununla da yeni qanun k\u00f6hn\u0259 qanunundan f\u0259rqli olaraq, m\u0259tbuat\u0131n azad f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259k yerin\u0259 onu m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00fcquqi normativ bazaya \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0Lakin bununla kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n h\u00f6kum\u0259t m\u00fcxt\u0259lif k\u0259nar al\u0259tl\u0259r formala\u015fd\u0131raraq bu qanunun azadl\u0131q s\u0259rhdl\u0259rini daha da daraltd\u0131. Bu \u0259slind\u0259 ictimai r\u0259yi v\u0259 median\u0131 t\u0259dric\u0259n daha s\u0259rt qanuna tabe etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eksperiment rolunu oynayan add\u0131m idi. Bel\u0259 al\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n birincisi sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259 1998-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259n \u201cr\u0259smi senzura\u201d say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u201csenzura\u201d r\u0259smi termin kimi m\u00f6vcud deyildi v\u0259 onu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n eyniadl\u0131 orqan da yox idi. Bu i\u015fi Nazirl\u0259r Kabineti yan\u0131nda \u201cM\u0259tbuatda D\u00f6vl\u0259t Sirl\u0259rin\u0259 N\u0259zar\u0259t Ba\u015f \u0130dar\u0259si\u201d adl\u0131 orqan h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iridi. Bir illik AXC hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 faktiki i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n, yaln\u0131z h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n senzura Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259r-g\u0259lm\u0259z yenid\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcharib\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 olmas\u0131 \u0259sas g\u0259tiril\u0259r\u0259k hakimiyy\u0259tin maraqlar\u0131na zidd olan t\u0259nqidi materiallar he\u00e7 bir izahat verilm\u0259d\u0259n senzuraya m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rd\u0131. Bel\u0259 yaz\u0131lar onlarla q\u0259zetd\u0259 y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 idi. K\u0130V haqq\u0131nda qanun zahir\u0259n jurnalistl\u0259r\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verirdi, g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda is\u0259 senzor bu f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan materiallar\u0131 k\u0259sib do\u011fray\u0131rd\u0131. Bel\u0259 hal uzun-uzad\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olsa da 1998-ci il\u0259 kimi davam etdi. H\u0259min il Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev \u201cM\u0259tbuatda D\u00f6vl\u0259t Sirl\u0259rin\u0259 N\u0259zar\u0259t Ba\u015f \u0130dar\u0259si\u201d adl\u0131 qurumu, y\u0259ni senzuran\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv etdi. \u018fv\u0259zind\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir qanunla m\u0259tbuat\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259ldi. Bu, \u201cD\u00f6vl\u0259t sirri haqq\u0131nda\u201d qanun idi.\u00a0 Bu qanun 1996-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015fdu, amma yaln\u0131z senzuran\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvind\u0259n sonra m\u0259tbuat \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yeni “domokl q\u0131l\u0131nc\u0131”na \u00e7evrildi. \u018fslind\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv olunan idar\u0259 il\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n qanunun adlar\u0131ndak\u0131 ox\u015far s\u00f6zl\u0259ri se\u00e7s\u0259k, \u201cD\u00f6vl\u0259t sirri\u201d adl\u0131 mahiyy\u0259tin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259diyini g\u00f6r\u0259rik. D\u00f6vl\u0259t sirri haqq\u0131nda qanun bu \u201csirr\u201din qorunmas\u0131, \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 el\u0259 m\u00fcc\u0259rr\u0259d v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, hakimiyy\u0259tin h\u0259d\u0259find\u0259 olan ist\u0259nil\u0259n informasiya vasit\u0259sini, ya da jurnalisti onun vasit\u0259siyl\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rsizl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi. Avropa \u015euras\u0131na \u00fczv olma\u011fa haz\u0131rla\u015fan v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 1997-2001-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 insan haqlar\u0131, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 media sah\u0259sind\u0259 islahatlara dair \u00f6hd\u0259lik g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti h\u0259m d\u0259 bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259 \u201csenzura\u201dn\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv etdi. F\u0259q\u0259t bu, formal add\u0131m idi: senzuran\u0131n yerini \u201cD\u00f6vl\u0259t sirri haqq\u0131nda\u201d qanun tuturdu.\u00a0 Bu d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, materiallar q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259silib g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fcrd\u00fc, amma m\u0259suliyy\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb olunmaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si jurnalisti v\u0259 ya K\u0130V-i \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcsenzuraya m\u0259cbur edirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Az\u0259rbaycan 2001-ci ilin yanvar\u0131n 25-d\u0259 Avropa \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n tam h\u00fcquqlu \u00fczv\u00fc oldu. Bundan sonra media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki normativ t\u0259zyiql\u0259r qism\u0259n yum\u015falma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bununla bel\u0259, m\u00fcst\u0259qil m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 qeyri-r\u0259smi qurum olan, amma faktiki n\u00fcfuza malik Redaktorlar Birliyi hakimiyy\u0259ti narahat edirdi. Bu t\u0259\u015fkilat ekstremal v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 topla\u015f\u0131b median\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini m\u00fczakir\u0259 edir, h\u00f6kum\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r qald\u0131r\u0131r, etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Hakimiyy\u0259ty\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc v\u0259 r\u0259smi median\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin daxil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Redaktorlar Birliyi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif fasil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 2008-ci il\u0259 kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini davam etdirdi. Hakimiyy\u0259t is\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259\u00a0 2003-c\u00fc ilin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan \u201cM\u0259tbuat \u015euras\u0131\u201d ideyas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya atd\u0131. Bu qurumun n\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yi, median\u0131n i\u015fini nec\u0259 y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 dair m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015flad\u0131. 2003-c\u00fc ilin mart\u0131nda M\u0259tbuat \u015euras\u0131 qurultay\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259sis edildi. M\u015e yaranar yaranmaz ilk i\u015fi jurnalistl\u0259rin pe\u015f\u0259 kodeksini haz\u0131rlamaq oldu\u011funu elan etdi. \u018fslind\u0259 qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 olan M\u0259tbuat \u015euras\u0131 bundan sonra m\u0259tbuat \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 jandarma \u00e7evrilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 m\u00fcbahis\u0259li m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 K\u0130V haqq\u0131nda qanun deyil, M\u015e-n\u0131n q\u0259rarlar\u0131 \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u015e media orqanlarn\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 add\u0131mlar\u0131 atmadan hakimiyy\u0259tin jurnalistikaya qar\u015f\u0131 repressiv siyas\u0259tini ya d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259di, ya da susqunluqla qar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Bu da t\u0259bii ki, m\u00fcst\u0259qil media t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n naraz\u0131l\u0131qla qar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. H\u00f6kum\u0259t M\u015e-n\u0131 yaratmaqla h\u0259m Redaktorlar Birliyi kimi kompakt m\u00fcst\u0259qil qurumu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn say \u00e7oxlu\u011fu i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 neytralla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 M\u015e vasit\u0259siyl\u0259 daha praktik metodlarla media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259tini m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirdi. Lakin bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra M\u0259tbuat \u015euras\u0131 yeni d\u00f6vr\u00fcn elektron medias\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131q aciz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunun bir s\u0259b\u0259bi M\u015e-n\u0131n bir ictimai t\u0259sisat kimi n\u00fcfuzunun olmamas\u0131 idis\u0259, ba\u015fqa s\u0259b\u0259bi d\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin art\u0131q spekulyasiyalara yer qoymadan median\u0131 qanunlar\u0131n m\u0259ng\u0259n\u0259sind\u0259 bo\u011fmaq ist\u0259m\u0259si idi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2020-ci ild\u0259 44 g\u00fcn davam ed\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin m\u00fcvafiq orqanlar\u0131 faktiki senzura t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259kl\u0259 standartlar\u0131 bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259yin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 etmi\u015f oldular. Bununla da 2021-ci ild\u0259 yeni \u201cMedia Haqq\u0131nda qanun\u201d layih\u0259si ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Bu qanun \u0259traf\u0131nda ictimai m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u00f6kum\u0259t is\u0259 media haqq\u0131nda qanunun \u0259sasland\u0131rmas\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, 79 d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fikliy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131na baxmayaraq K\u0130V haqq\u0131nda qanun yeni \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flara cavab vermir. Beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlar,\u00a0 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 A\u015e Venesiya komissiyas\u0131 bu qanuna m\u0259nfi r\u0259y bildirilidi. Bundan ba\u015fqa m\u00fcst\u0259qil jurnalistl\u0259r (indi \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti ya h\u0259bsd\u0259, ya m\u00fchacir\u0259td\u0259dir) parlament binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 bu qanuna etiraz etdil\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259klif, t\u0259nqid v\u0259 etirazlara\u00a0 baxmayaraq, hakimiyy\u0259t media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti m\u00fcrt\u0259ce q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sini qazanaraq qanunu q\u0259bul etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeni qanun m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259nqidl\u0259r g\u0259tirdi <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nX\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t: Yeni \u201c Media haqq\u0131nda qanun\u201dla\u00a0 daha \u0259vv\u0259lki K\u0130V haqq\u0131nda qanunu m\u00fcxt\u0259lif madd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259n ekspertl\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, yeni qanunda sad\u0259c\u0259 bir media orqan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlarla madd\u0259 var. Avropa \u015euras\u0131 Venesiya Komissiyas\u0131 qanunun 26-c\u0131 madd\u0259sinin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 dayand\u0131.\u00a0Komissiya \u0259sas\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lar\u0131 qeyd edir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Qanunun 26-c\u0131 madd\u0259sini \u2013 median\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, xarici m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t v\u0259 xarici maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 dair geni\u015f m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri l\u0259\u011fv etm\u0259k;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Media Reyestrini l\u0259\u011fv etm\u0259k v\u0259 ya reyestr\u0259 daxil olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan h\u0259ddind\u0259n \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri aradan qald\u0131rmaq;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Akkreditasiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri l\u0259\u011fv etm\u0259k;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Qanundak\u0131 m\u0259zmun m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n 10-cu madd\u0259sinin presedentl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rmaq;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Jurnalist m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin qorunmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Platforma yay\u0131m\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259 xidm\u0259t t\u0259minat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 platforma operatorlar\u0131n\u0131n lisenziyala\u015fd\u0131rma rejimin\u0259 tabe olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yaln\u0131z qeydiyyatdan ke\u00e7m\u0259l\u0259rinin kifay\u0259t etdiyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u00c7ap v\u0259 onlayn media m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri v\u0259 yay\u0131m\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcraci\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259binin sad\u0259c\u0259 m\u0259lumatland\u0131rma xarakterli olmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k. \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, Venesiya Komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n da diqq\u0259tini iki m\u00fch\u00fcm istiqam\u0259t – media sahibkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, onun formala\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri c\u0259lb edib. Biz bu qanunda media \u00fcz\u0259ind\u0259 institusional v\u0259 normativ hakimiyy\u0259tin art\u0131q tamam\u0259n b\u0259rq\u0259rar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. H\u00f6kum\u0259t qanunu el\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b ki, onun ist\u0259m\u0259diyi \u015f\u0259xs pe\u015f\u0259kar media f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful ola bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t ist\u0259diyi an onu m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131racaq. Qanun layih\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cAzadl\u0131q\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn c\u0259mi 1, \u201cicra hakimiyy\u0259ti\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn is\u0259 89 d\u0259f\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131 da simvolik hal kimi diqq\u0259t\u00e7\u0259k\u0259ndir. Bu a\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r yeni qanunun media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 icra hakimiyy\u0259tinin q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u0259lum oldu ki, hakimiyy\u0259t media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti, ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 median\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tam \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 institusional yollara \u0259l at\u0131r. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 qanunlar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirir v\u0259 ya yeni qanunlar yarad\u0131r. Hakimiyy\u0259tin bu siyas\u0259ti \u201c Median\u0131n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si\u201d n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si il\u0259 tam \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Media \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si o zaman ba\u015f verir ki, h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 ya siyasi maraqlara malik \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r media orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259liyin\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259zmununa t\u0259sir etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birba\u015fa v\u0259 ya dolay\u0131 vasit\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t qururlar. T\u0259qdim olunan xronikaya diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259nd\u0259 iki m\u00fch\u00fcm istiqam\u0259t diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hakimiyy\u0259t qanunvericilik vasit\u0259siyl\u0259 median\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltma\u011f\u0131 strateji planda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir, h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 daha bir add\u0131m m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259vini t\u0259dric\u0259n bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 kimi darald\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki h\u0259m daxili v\u0259ziyy\u0259t, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin daxil oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131ra beyn\u0259lxalq qurumlarla i\u015f v\u0259 ya h\u00f6kum\u0259tin bu qurumlara m\u00fcqavim\u0259t imkan\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259tin arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 olmur. Lakin \u0259lveri\u015fli m\u00fchit yaranan kimi, hakimiyy\u0259t n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 vintl\u0259ri s\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f6kum\u0259t qanunvericilikl\u0259 paralel m\u00fcxt\u0259lif institusional t\u0259zyiq al\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirir. M\u0259tbuat \u015euras\u0131, Median\u0131n \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131 Agentliyi kimi qurumlar \u0259slind\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n qanunlara m\u00fcvafiq olaraq, daha k\u0259skin kriteriyalarla median\u0131 bo\u011fma\u011fa hesablanm\u0131\u015f t\u0259\u015fkilatlard\u0131r.\u00a0 \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn qanunvericilik v\u0259 struktur mexanizml\u0259ri n\u0259hay\u0259td\u0259 kontent \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Repressiya v\u0259 kooptasiya ikil\u0259\u015fm\u0259si: Az\u0259rbaycanda jurnalist h\u0259bsinin v\u0259 \u015firnikl\u0259ndirm\u0259 mexanizml\u0259rinin avtoritar n\u0259zar\u0259t al\u0259ti kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nT\u0259hdidl\u0259r – zorak\u0131l\u0131q, i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259, h\u0259d\u0259-qorxu:\u00a0<\/strong>R\u0259qab\u0259tli avtoritar sisteml\u0259rin hakim oldu\u011fu rejiml\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil media daima t\u0259zyiq alt\u0131nda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259li olur.\u00a0 Tam avtoritar rejiml\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 media tamamil\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259xsusdur, ciddi senzura alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, ya da sistematik repressiyaya m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r. \u018fsas televiziya v\u0259 radio stansiyalar\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259t (v\u0259 ya onun yax\u0131n m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259ri) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunur, b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcst\u0259qil q\u0259zetl\u0259r v\u0259 jurnallar qanunla qada\u011fan edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. H\u00f6kum\u0259tin q\u0259z\u0259bin\u0259 d\u00fc\u00e7ar olan jurnalistl\u0259r h\u0259bs, deportasiya v\u0259 h\u0259tta q\u0259tl riski il\u0259 \u00fcz\u2011\u00fcz\u0259 qala bil\u0259rl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nM\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259tbuata qar\u015f\u0131 intensiv fiziki zorak\u0131l\u0131qlar qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nmasa da AXC hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f jurnalist Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft \u018flizad\u0259nin \u00f6lk\u0259nin daxili i\u015fl\u0259r naziri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u00f6y\u00fclm\u0259si \u00e7ox qabar\u0131q fakt kimi yadda qal\u0131b. Lakin Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra zorak\u0131l\u0131q m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc siyas\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Bunlardan \u0259n diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n \u201cExo-Zerkalo\u201d q\u0259zetinin m\u00fcxbiri Kamal \u018flinin d\u00f6y\u00fclm\u0259sidir. Milli M\u0259clisin binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fcsahib\u0259 alan Kamal \u018fli m\u00fchafiz\u0259\u00e7inin h\u00fccumuna m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r v\u0259 buna s\u0259b\u0259b, m\u00fchafiz\u0259\u00e7inin dediyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u00fcsahib\u0259nin uzun \u00e7\u0259km\u0259sidir. Ba\u015fqa bir spesifik t\u0259zyiq metodu is\u0259 jurnalsitl\u0259rin \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu c\u00fcr hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259 \u201cAzadl\u0131q\u201d q\u0259zetinin m\u00fcxbiri El\u00e7in S\u0259lcuq Nax\u00e7\u0131vana ged\u0259rk\u0259n hava liman\u0131nda saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131vana burax\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Senzuran\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvind\u0259n sonra fiziki zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n x\u00fcsusil\u0259 artmas\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Siyasi konyunkturaya uy\u011fun olmayan v\u0259 ya d\u0259rc edilm\u0259si arzuolunmaz say\u0131lan yaz\u0131lar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259min yaz\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259ri h\u0259d\u0259f\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r. M\u0259qs\u0259d qorxu m\u00fchiti yaratmaq, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcsenzuraya nail olmaqd\u0131r.\u00a0 M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cAzadl\u0131q\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevi satirik janrda t\u0259nqid ed\u0259n Zamin Hac\u0131 ax\u015fam vaxt\u0131 i\u015fd\u0259n ev\u0259 ged\u0259r\u0259k\u0259n qaranl\u0131q k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 nam\u0259lum adamlar\u0131n h\u00fccumuna m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 ba\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fct al\u0259tl\u0259 z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259r alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\u00a0 Bundan sonra Zamin Hac\u0131 brifinq ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k daha Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevd\u0259n yazmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131qlad\u0131.\u00a0 Bu hadis\u0259d\u0259n sonra Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin a\u00e7\u0131q t\u0259nqidi azald\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elmar H\u00fcseynovun q\u0259tli.<\/strong>\u00a0Hakimiyy\u0259tin s\u0259rt t\u0259nqid\u00e7isi, rusdilli \u201cMonitor\u201d jurnal\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f redaktoru Elmar H\u00fcseynov 2005-ci ilin mart\u0131nda evinin giri\u015find\u0259 g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirildi. Onun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si hakim ail\u0259d\u0259n yazan jurnalistl\u0259r\u0259 mesaj kimi \u015f\u0259rh edilirdi. Elmar H\u00fcseynovun yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259d\u0259find\u0259 hakim ail\u0259, onlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259ki korrupsiya faktlar\u0131 var idi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, s\u0259rt \u00fcslubu il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n H\u00fcseynov ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131 da c\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBah\u0259ddin H\u0259ziyev i\u015fi.<\/strong>\u00a0M\u00fcst\u0259qil \u201cBizim yol\u201d q\u0259zetinin ba\u015f redaktoru Bah\u0259ddin H\u0259ziyev 2006-c\u0131 ilin may\u0131nda, Elmar H\u00fcseynovun q\u0259tlind\u0259n c\u0259mi 14 ay sonra gec\u0259 yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6z avtomobili il\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n ev\u0259 ged\u0259rk\u0259n nam\u0259lum \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r k\u0259nar\u0131na apar\u0131laraq \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hala sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Q\u0259sd\u00e7il\u0259r onun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n avtomobill\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdil\u0259r.\u00a0 Onun hakimiyy\u0259tin korrupsioner f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 qara k\u00fcr\u00fc ixrac\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n qurban\u0131 oldu\u011fu deyilirdi. T\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n sa\u011f qalan Bah\u0259ddin H\u0259ziyev uzun s\u00fcr\u0259n m\u00fcalic\u0259d\u0259n sonra qism\u0259n sa\u011fald\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flayandan sonra hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 loyall\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. 2025-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259tbuat\u0131n 150 illiyi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tiyl\u0259 prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin m\u00fckafatland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r aras\u0131nda Bah\u0259ddin H\u0259ziyev d\u0259 vard\u0131. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSenzuran\u0131n r\u0259smi l\u0259\u011fvind\u0259n sonra onun faktiki h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hakimiyy\u0259tin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc metodlar t\u0259bii ki, t\u0259kc\u0259 yeni qanunlar q\u0259bul etm\u0259k, ya da qanunlar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k deyildi. G\u00f6st\u0259rdiyimiz faktlar hakimiyy\u0259tin bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 fiziki zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, q\u0259tl v\u0259 i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259ri bir al\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evirdiyini dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir. Hakimiyy\u0259t bu yolla jurnalist\u0259 mesaj verir ki, \u0259g\u0259r qanunlar onu c\u0259zaland\u0131rarsa, gec\u0259nin qaranl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xan nam\u0259lum \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259, \u015fik\u0259st ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 o, hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n v\u0259 onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259ssas olan m\u00f6vzulardan yazark\u0259n ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almal\u0131d\u0131r. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almasa, rejimin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti qurban\u0131 ola bil\u0259r. Zamin Hac\u0131, Elmar H\u00fcseynov v\u0259 Bah\u0259dddin H\u0259ziyevl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259r birind\u0259n sonra mediada yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259t, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Bah\u0259ddin H\u0259ziyevin hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 loyalla\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin bunu \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fckafatland\u0131rmas\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, hakimiyy\u0259tin plan\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259yir. Ba\u015fqa t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 bu c\u00fcr hadis\u0259l\u0259r g\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259sir\u0259 malik deyil, zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259, m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunduqca, yeni t\u0259sir \u00e7evr\u0259l\u0259ri formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu siyas\u0259t, bel\u0259c\u0259, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259y\u0259n permanentlik effekti qazan\u0131r. 2005-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259tli h\u0259bsl\u0259r, c\u0259rim\u0259l\u0259r, qorxutmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dli fiziki x\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259r mediaya t\u0259zyiq say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131sa, 2005 v\u0259 sonras\u0131nda art\u0131q uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli h\u0259bsl\u0259r v\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lmayan \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259r, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u0259 q\u0259sd hadis\u0259l\u0259ri media azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 psixoloji t\u0259sir\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. Bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, h\u00f6kum\u0259t daha konkret n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259rt metodlardan \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259di, \u0259slind\u0259 bu metodlar\u0131 sisteml\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259rar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130qtisadi t\u0259zyiql\u0259r: reklam bazar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flanmas\u0131.\u00a0<\/strong>1990-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 m\u0259tbuatda reklam m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si idi. Redaktorlar d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarsalar da problemin qayna\u011f\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259llini tapmad\u0131. \u018fksin\u0259, zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 mediaya qar\u015f\u0131 a\u015fkar t\u0259zyiq al\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. M\u00fcst\u0259qil maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin \u0259saslar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259, t\u0259bii ki, reklam ala bilm\u0259k imkan\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin, m\u00fcst\u0259qil v\u0259 ya nisb\u0259t\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qil h\u00fcquqi fiziki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r, biznes adamlar\u0131 t\u0259nqidi mediaya reklam verm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinirdi. Hakimiyy\u0259t bel\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rini dolay\u0131 yolla maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k kimi q\u0259bul edir v\u0259 buna s\u0259rt reaksiyalar verirdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil m\u0259tbuat\u0131n reklamdan maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmurdu. Bununla da reklamdan qazanmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n b\u0259zi m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131 h\u0259yatda qalmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn loyal olmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259ti hiss edirdil\u0259r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0130qtisadi t\u0259zyiqin ikinci m\u00fch\u00fcm metodu q\u0259zet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan \u0259ks\u0259r firmalar\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259tin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olmas\u0131 idi. Bunlardan \u201cAz\u0259rm\u0259tbuat yay\u0131m\u0131\u201d d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqan\u0131 kimi , \u201cQasid\u201d is\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ty\u00f6nl\u00fc f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.\u00a0 M\u00fcst\u0259qil \u201cQaya\u201d firmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6\u015fkl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n y\u0131\u011f\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, s\u0259yyar q\u0259zet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259qs\u0259d redaksiyalara maliyy\u0259 resurslar\u0131n\u0131n ya \u00e7atmamas\u0131, ya gec \u00e7atmas\u0131, ya da hakimiyy\u0259tin ist\u0259diyi miqdarda v\u0259 vaxtda \u00e7atmas\u0131 idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u00fcxalif \u201cAzadl\u0131q\u201d q\u0259zeti ba\u011flanark\u0259n hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 yax\u0131n \u201cQasid\u201d firmas\u0131 q\u0259zet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan g\u0259l\u0259n 70 min Az\u0259rbaycan manat\u0131 m\u0259bl\u0259\u011find\u0259 v\u0259saiti redaksiyaya \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n imtina etmi\u015fdi. Bu reklamdan g\u0259lir \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 olmayan K\u0130V \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ciddi m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fdir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0259bsl\u0259r, c\u0259rim\u0259l\u0259r: <\/strong>Hakimiyy\u0259tin m\u00fcst\u0259qil media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259zyiq mexanizml\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u0259n uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u0259rind\u0259n biri junalistl\u0259rin h\u0259bsidir. Az\u0259rbaycanda jurnalist h\u0259bsl\u0259ri Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259n b\u0259ri mediaya permanent t\u0259zyiq kimi istifad\u0259 olunur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n1995-ci ilin iyun ay\u0131nda satirik \u201c\u00c7e\u015fm\u0259\u201d q\u0259zeti ilk h\u0259d\u0259f\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n oldu. \u00a0 Q\u0259zetin ba\u015f redaktoru Ayaz \u018fhm\u0259dov v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u201cC\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t\u201d q\u0259zetinin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 Yadigar M\u0259mm\u0259dli prezidentin \u015f\u0259r\u0259f v\u0259 l\u0259yaq\u0259tini al\u00e7altmaq madd\u0259si il\u0259 h\u0259bs edildil\u0259r. H\u0259bsin ger\u00e7\u0259k s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 q\u0259zetd\u0259 Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 karikaturan\u0131n d\u0259rci idi. Bundan sonra m\u00fcxt\u0259lif vaxtlarda \u201cYeni M\u00fcsavat\u201d, \u201cAzadl\u0131q\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259rinin ba\u015f redaktorlar\u0131, yazarlar\u0131 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli h\u0259bs edildil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u0259tbuata a\u00e7\u0131q olmayan d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar ad\u0259t\u0259n onlar\u0131n r\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259rc edildiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu orqanlar rahatl\u0131qla v\u0259 siyasi sifari\u015fl\u0259 q\u0259zetl\u0259ri m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 verir, onlardan bu q\u0259zetl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f say\u0131lacaq q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259zminatlar t\u0259l\u0259b edirdil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cAzadl\u0131q\u201d q\u0259zeti bel\u0259 bir m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 h\u00f6km\u00fc n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranan borcunu \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u011flanmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qald\u0131. \u201cYeni M\u00fcsavat\u201d q\u0259zetinin ba\u015f redaktoru is\u0259 \u0130lham \u018fliyev t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259ltif olunacaq q\u0259d\u0259r \u201cislah\u201d oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n