(birinci hiss\u0259)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1894-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Fransa ordusunun y\u0259hudi \u0259silli zabiti Alfred Dreyfus Almaniyan\u0131n xeyrin\u0259 casusluqdan ittiham olunaraq h\u0259bs olundu. Bu zaman onun g\u00fcnahs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n xeyli faktlar inkar edildi. Hadis\u0259 Fransada b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks-s\u0259da do\u011furdu. C\u0259miyy\u0259t Dreyfus t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131 olaraq iki hiss\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1895-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 Dreyfusu g\u00fcnahkar hesab etdi v\u0259 o, Fransa Qvineyas\u0131ndak\u0131 \u015eeytan adas\u0131na \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fck s\u00fcrg\u00fcn c\u0259zas\u0131na m\u0259hkum olundu (1906-c\u0131 ild\u0259 b\u0259ra\u0259t ald\u0131). O, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259zd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l H\u0259rbi m\u0259kt\u0259bin h\u0259y\u0259tind\u0259 \u201cm\u00fclki edam\u201d deyil\u0259n t\u0259hqiramizprosedura m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. Onun poqonlar\u0131, f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259 ni\u015fanlar\u0131, q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fcym\u0259l\u0259ri s\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc, q\u0131l\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0259min prosedura \u015fahidlik ed\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131nda Vyanada \u00e7\u0131xan \u201cNeue Freie Presse\u201d q\u0259zetinin y\u0259hudi \u0259silli Paris m\u00fcxbiri Teodor Herzl d\u0259 vard\u0131. Y\u00fcz il \u0259vv\u0259l, B\u00f6y\u00fck Fransa inqilab\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u201c\u0130nsan v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 b\u0259yannam\u0259si\u201dnin q\u0259bul olundu\u011fu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n \u201cY\u0259hudil\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm!\u201d \u015f\u00fcar\u0131 Herzli d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u0259hz bu hadis\u0259d\u0259n sonra Herzl ba\u015fqa xalqlar\u0131n y\u0259hudi d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7iliyinin azalaca\u011f\u0131na \u00fcmid b\u0259sl\u0259m\u0259yin sad\u0259l\u00f6vhl\u00fck olmas\u0131 v\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolunun y\u0259hudi d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259kf\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. 1896-c\u0131 ild\u0259 onun \u201cY\u0259hudi d\u00f6vl\u0259ti\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u00e7as\u0131 \u00e7apdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Bu kitabda yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, y\u0259hudi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin yegan\u0259 h\u0259lli y\u0259hudi d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki \u201cy\u0259hudil\u0259rin ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn xalqlar a\u00e7\u0131q v\u0259 ya gizli antisemitdirl\u0259r\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Herzl bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 r\u0259smil\u0259ri il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259k F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259 y\u0259hudi yurdunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn icaz\u0259 alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin xarici borcunu \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259yi, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259rin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olan m\u0259tbuat vasit\u0259sil\u0259 II \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259midin Avropada imicini yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259klif edir. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin borc i\u00e7ind\u0259 bo\u011fulmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, t\u0259klif q\u0259bul olunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1897-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 Bazeld\u0259 birinci Beyn\u0259lxalq y\u0259hudi konqresi ke\u00e7irilir, \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya sionist t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 Herzl onun prezidenti se\u00e7ilir. \u0130ndiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yeri d\u0259qiq g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259y\u0259n y\u0259hudi d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259, y\u0259hudi xalq\u0131n\u0131n tarixi v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 q\u0259rar\u0131 da m\u0259hz Bazeld\u0259 q\u0259bul olunur v\u0259 bunun u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat \u201csionizm\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
***<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259rin F\u0259l\u0259stin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc art\u0131q ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Birinci aliya ad\u0131n\u0131 alan bu ax\u0131n Rusiya \u00e7ar\u0131 II Aleksandr\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sind\u0259n v\u0259 bunda y\u0259hudil\u0259rin g\u00fcnahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra imperiyan\u0131n c\u0259nubunda t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n y\u0259hudi talanlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1882-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonra da 1891-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7erniqovda, 1895-ci ild\u0259 Kutaisid\u0259, 1897-ci ild\u0259 Kiyev v\u0259 Xerson quberniyalar\u0131nda, 1899-cu ild\u0259 Nikolayevd\u0259 talanlar ba\u015f verdi. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131nda Rum\u0131niya v\u0259 Macar\u0131standa da y\u0259hudi talanlar\u0131 ba\u015f verir. 1882-1903-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 F\u0259l\u0259stin\u0259 20 min y\u0259hudi k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. 1901-ci ild\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti F\u0259l\u0259stin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n y\u0259hudil\u0259r\u0259 torpaq almaq h\u00fcququ verir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Teodor Herzl 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 v\u0259fat etdi. Amma onun verdiyi t\u0259kan say\u0259sind\u0259 sionizm h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 v\u00fcs\u0259t almaqda davam edirdi. Herzld\u0259n sonra \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya sionist t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131na David Volfson (1905-1911), Otto Varburq (1911-1920), Xaim Vaysman (1921-1931 v\u0259 1935-1946), Nahum Sokolov (1931-1935) r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdil\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kinci aliya adlanan d\u00f6vr 1904-1914-c\u00fc ill\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Rusiyada (Ki\u015finyov, Xerson, Rostov, Odessa, Yekaterinoslav v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259) v\u0259 Rum\u0131niyada (1907-ci il k\u0259ndli \u00fcyan\u0131 zaman\u0131) y\u0259hudi talanlar\u0131 davam edir v\u0259 bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 daha 35 min y\u0259hudi F\u0259ls\u0259tin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. Bununla bel\u0259, 1914-c\u00fc ild\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259r F\u0259l\u0259stin \u0259halisinin ancaq 14 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rusiya imperiyas\u0131ndan k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n y\u0259hudil\u0259rin ist\u0259r maddi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259k deyildi. Amma Herzlin 1899-cu ild\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u0259hudi kolonizasiya c\u0259miyy\u0259ti y\u0259hudi k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259rini himay\u0259 edir. C\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u0259sas donoru Edmon de Rot\u015fild idi. O, bu quruma t\u0259kc\u0259 bir d\u0259f\u0259y\u0259 15 milyon q\u0131z\u0131l frank ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u00fcmum\u0259n is\u0259 50 milyon dollar kimi o d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f ian\u0259 etm\u0259sit\u0259xmin edilir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259 malik oldu\u011fu \u0259razinin h\u0259cmi 500 kv km-\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131. Tel-\u018fviv \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131 bu ill\u0259rd\u0259, 1909-cu ild\u0259, Yaffa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin bir hiss\u0259si kimi qoyuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1909-cu ild\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 \u201cHa\u015fomer\u201d adl\u0131 y\u0259hudi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcdafi\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Bu azsayl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 toqqu\u015fmalar m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 deyil, qa\u00e7aq-quldurdan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu. Zat\u0259n \u0259r\u0259b-y\u0259hudi konflikti h\u0259l\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunmurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
***<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ill\u0259rind\u0259 ingilisl\u0259r M\u0259kk\u0259r \u015f\u0259rifi H\u00fcseyn bin \u018flini Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00fcsyana t\u0259hrik etdil\u0259r. Bunun \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonra b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259r\u0259b d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin yarad\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onun da kral olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259d etdil\u0259r. H\u00fcseyn d\u0259 buna inanaraq 1916-c\u0131 il iyunun 10-da \u00fcsyan qald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amma bu \u00fcsyandan h\u0259l\u0259 iki ay \u0259vv\u0259l, may\u0131n 16-da Britaniya v\u0259 Fransa aras\u0131nda Sayks-Piko raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 deyil\u0259n m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzaland\u0131. S\u0259n\u0259d Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq vilay\u0259tl\u0259rini Britaniya v\u0259 Fransan\u0131n maraq dair\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6lm\u0259yi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Bu zaman F\u0259l\u0259stin ingilisl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atacaqd\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, Sayks-Piko raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131 il\u0259 M\u0259kk\u0259 \u015f\u0259rifin\u0259 veril\u0259n v\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcrd\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1917-ci ilin noyabr\u0131nda Britaniyada Balfur deklarasiyas\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131. S\u00f6hb\u0259t xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri Artur Balfurun \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259ki y\u0259hudi icmas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri Uolter Rot\u015fild\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya v\u0259 \u0130rlandiyan\u0131n sionist federasiyas\u0131na \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaz\u0131lan r\u0259smi m\u0259ktubundan gedir. H\u0259min m\u0259ktubda bildirilirdi: \u201c\u018flah\u0259zr\u0259t kral h\u00f6kum\u0259ti F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259 y\u0259hudi xalq\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn milli bir evin qurulmas\u0131na t\u0259r\u0259fdard\u0131r v\u0259 bu m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni edir\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deklarasiyada bil\u0259r\u0259kd\u0259n \u201cmilli ev\u201d kimi h\u00fcquqi \u00f6n\u0259mi olmayan ifad\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, y\u0259hudil\u0259r bu s\u0259n\u0259di b\u00f6y\u00fck sevincl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar v\u0259 haqs\u0131z da say\u0131lmazd\u0131lar. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya o zaman d\u00fcnyan\u0131n f\u00f6vq\u0259ld\u00f6vl\u0259ti idi v\u0259 ikiba\u015fl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259 olsa sionizm\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. S\u0259n\u0259d o vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r sionizm\u0259 b\u0259dbin yana\u015fan y\u0259hudil\u0259r\u0259 bel\u0259 nikbinlik verdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc aliya ad\u0131n\u0131 alan 1919-1923-c\u00fc ill\u0259r k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc zaman\u0131 daha 35 min y\u0259hudi F\u0259l\u0259stin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc. Bu dal\u011fada Balfur deklarasiyas\u0131ndan \u0259lav\u0259 Rusiyada ba\u015f ver\u0259n inqilab v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u0259 rol oynad\u0131. M\u00fchacirl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti ke\u00e7mi\u015f Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc: 43% Rusiyadan v\u0259 31% Pol\u015fadan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
***<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u0259hudil\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, milli ev v\u0259 ya d\u00f6vl\u0259t bar\u0259d\u0259 s\u00f6z-s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00e7oxalmas\u0131 F\u0259l\u0259stin \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rinin q\u0131c\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Buna bir s\u0259b\u0259b d\u0259 y\u0259qin ki, y\u0259hudil\u0259rin i\u015fg\u00fczarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kollektiv\u00e7ilik v\u0259 yenilik\u00e7ilik hesab\u0131na rifahlar\u0131n\u0131n tezlikl\u0259 \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259ri \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259m\u0259si idi. N\u0259tic\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ox g\u00f6zl\u0259tm\u0259di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q\u00fcds\u00fcn n\u00fcfuzlu m\u00fcs\u0259lman ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si olan \u018fmin H\u00fcseyninin t\u0259hrik etdiyi \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r 1920-ci ilin aprelind\u0259 Q\u00fcdsd\u0259ki y\u0259hudi m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum etdil\u0259r. Rusiya v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Avropadak\u0131 talanlarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 burada qurbanlar\u0131n say\u0131 az oldu: 5 y\u0259hudi \u00f6ld\u00fc, 200 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yaraland\u0131 (asayi\u015fi b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ingilisl\u0259rin a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 4 \u0259r\u0259b d\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fc). Amma bununla \u0259r\u0259b-y\u0259hudi d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7iliyinin \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Britaniya m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si \u018fmin H\u00fcseynini qiyabi 10 il azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum etdi, amma el\u0259 avqustda \u0259fv olundu. Bir il sonra is\u0259 Britaniya Ali komissar\u0131 onu Q\u00fcds m\u00fcftisi t\u0259yin etdi. O, bu v\u0259zif\u0259ni 1948-ci il\u0259 kimi da\u015f\u0131d\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b-y\u0259hudi d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7iliyinin alovlanmas\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi rol oynad\u0131. \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si zaman\u0131 da nasist Almaniyas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 Holokostu d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aprel hadis\u0259l\u0259ri Ha\u015fomer \u0259sas\u0131nda daha \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 y\u0259hudi h\u0259rbi t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u2013 Haqanan\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na r\u0259vac verdi. Bu d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r art\u0131q qa\u00e7aq-quldurdan deyil, konkret \u0259r\u0259b h\u00fccumlar\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu. Britaniya administrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n qada\u011fas\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n Haqana qeyri-leqal f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
***<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f6vb\u0259ti talan 1921-ci ild\u0259 Yaffada ba\u015f verdi. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, olay y\u0259hudil\u0259rin \u00f6z aras\u0131ndak\u0131 toqqu\u015fmalarla ba\u015flad\u0131. 1 May bayram\u0131n\u0131 qeyd ed\u0259n y\u0259hudi kommunistl\u0259r v\u0259 sosialistl\u0259r aras\u0131nda toqqu\u015fma ba\u015f verdi. \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259r d\u0259 (h\u0259m m\u00fcs\u0259lman, h\u0259m xristian) dala\u015fanlar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Britaniya polisin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k b\u0259han\u0259sil\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum etdil\u0259r. Tezlikl\u0259 y\u0259hudi evl\u0259ri basq\u0131na m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. Talanlar yax\u0131nl\u0131qdak\u0131 bir s\u0131ra ba\u015fqa ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
May\u0131n 7-\u0259 kimi davam ed\u0259n toqqu\u015fmalar zaman\u0131 y\u0259hudil\u0259rd\u0259n 47 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, 146 n\u0259f\u0259r yaraland\u0131. \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n is\u0259 48 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, 73 n\u0259f\u0259r yaraland\u0131. \u018fr\u0259b itkil\u0259rinin \u00e7ox Britaniya polisinin a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f verdi. Yaffada ya\u015fayan minl\u0259rl\u0259 y\u0259hudi Tel-\u018fviv\u0259 qa\u00e7d\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 bu m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259nin ayr\u0131ca y\u0259hudi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si ba\u015f verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
***<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc aliya ad\u0131n\u0131 alan y\u0259hudi k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Avropa tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc 1929-cu ill\u0259, y\u0259hudil\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259ri is\u0259 1932-ci ill\u0259 yekunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bu zaman F\u0259l\u0259stin\u0259 80 min y\u0259hudi k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc (20 minin d\u0259 F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fcy\u00fc deyilir). Ax\u0131na r\u0259vac ver\u0259n \u0259sas amil yen\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Avropadak\u0131 antisemitizm idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1923-1925-c ill\u0259rd\u0259 Pol\u015fan\u0131n ba\u015f naziri olmu\u015f Vladislav Qrabskinin y\u0259hudil\u0259ri diskriminasiyamahiyy\u0259tli bir s\u0131ra qanunlar\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259rin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Pol\u015fa y\u0259hudil\u0259rdi t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. H\u0259tta d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc aliyan\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259n \u201cQrabski aliyas\u0131\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n immiqrasiya haqq\u0131nda qanun (Conson-Rid qanunu) AB\u015e-a m\u00fchacir\u0259ti xeyli \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirdi. Bu da F\u0259l\u0259stin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Qrabskinin diskriminasiya siyas\u0259ti h\u0259m d\u0259 vergil\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan Pol\u015fadan k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n y\u0259hudil\u0259rin \u00e7oxu orta sinf\u0259 aid idi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259ki y\u0259hudi \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisininsay\u0131, qism\u0259n d\u0259 iqtisadiyyatda s\u0259nayenin x\u00fcsusi \u00e7\u0259kisiartd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u018fr\u0259bl\u0259rin reaksiyas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ox g\u00f6zl\u0259tm\u0259di. 1929-cu il avqustun 16-da \u018fmin H\u00fcseyninin c\u00fcm\u0259 moiz\u0259sind\u0259n sonra m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar \u015e\u0259rqi Q\u00fcdsd\u0259, \u0259l-\u018fqsa m\u0259scidinin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n G\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131 divar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k buradak\u0131 dua kitablar\u0131n\u0131, divar\u0131n bo\u015fluqlar\u0131na qoyulan niyy\u0259t yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yand\u0131rd\u0131lar, y\u0259hudi din xadimini yaralad\u0131lar. Bundan sonrak\u0131 h\u0259ft\u0259 lokal toqqu\u015fmalarla ke\u00e7di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avqustun 23-d\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti c\u00fcm\u0259 namaz\u0131ndan sonra \u201cy\u0259hudi\u0259r \u0259l-\u018fqsa m\u0259scidini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r\u201d fitn\u0259sind\u0259n qeyzl\u0259n\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar Q\u00fcds\u00fcn y\u0259hudi m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum etdil\u0259r. Hadis\u0259l\u0259r tezlikl\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131d\u0131. \u018fn \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 q\u0259tll\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259n d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli zorak\u0131l\u0131qlar Hebronda (\u0259l-X\u0259lil) ba\u015f verdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
20 min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259halisi olan Hebronda t\u0259xmin\u0259n 700 y\u0259hudi ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. Hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l Haqana buradak\u0131 y\u0259hudil\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u00f6m\u0259k t\u0259klif etdi. Amma \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r he\u00e7 bir toqqu\u015fma ba\u015f verm\u0259diyind\u0259n y\u0259hud icmas\u0131n\u0131n liderl\u0259ri t\u0259klifi r\u0259dd etdil\u0259r v\u0259 Hebronun \u0259r\u0259b \u0259yanlar\u0131na inand\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259dil\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 69 y\u0259hudi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, xeyli qad\u0131n zorland\u0131. Bu zaman b\u0259zi \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin y\u0259hudi qon\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 gizl\u0259d\u0259r\u0259k xilas etm\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 dem\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avqustun 29-da kimi davam ed\u0259n q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 17 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 y\u0259hudi icmalar\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv oldu, buradak\u0131 y\u0259hudil\u0259r ba\u015fqa yerl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fcl\u0259r. 133 y\u0259hudi v\u0259 116 \u0259r\u0259b \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259rin bir hiss\u0259si Haqana v\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, \u00e7oxu is\u0259 Britaniya polisi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130ngilisl\u0259rin hakimlik etdiyi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r 26 \u0259r\u0259bi v\u0259 2 y\u0259hudini edam c\u0259zas\u0131na m\u0259hkum etdi. Amma apelyasiyadan v\u0259 Ali komissar\u0131n \u0259fvind\u0259n sonra 25 n\u0259f\u0259rin c\u0259zas\u0131 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli h\u0259bsl\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olundu, yaln\u0131z 3 \u0259r\u0259b edam edildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1929-cu ilin talanlar\u0131 Haqanan\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Daha radikal \u00fczvl\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n s\u0131rf m\u00fcdafi\u0259 taktikas\u0131 il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fmayaraq, \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 \u201cdaha adekvat\u201d cavab verilm\u0259sini ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r. Onlar ayr\u0131laraq 1930-cu ild\u0259 \u201c\u0130rqun Tsvai Leumi\u201d t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 yaratd\u0131lar ki, o da q\u0131saca \u0130rqun v\u0259 ya Etsel ad\u0131 il\u0259 daha \u00e7ox tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0259min il \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0130z\u0259ddin Kassam\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda \u201cQara \u0259l\u201d t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131. F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259 m\u0259hz bu iki t\u0259\u015fkilat ilk d\u0259f\u0259 terroru vasit\u0259 kimi se\u00e7dil\u0259r. Bu zaman \u201cQara \u0259l\u201d m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu 5 il \u0259rzind\u0259 8 y\u0259hudini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcs\u0259, \u0130rqunun f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti daha uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli v\u0259 daha qanl\u0131 oldu. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1938-ci ilin avqustunda Hayfa bazar\u0131nda bomba partlad\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 53 \u0259r\u0259b \u00f6ld\u00fc. 10 ay sonra el\u0259 h\u0259min yerd\u0259 minalanm\u0131\u015f e\u015f\u015f\u0259yin partlad\u0131lmas\u0131 20 \u0259r\u0259bin h\u0259yat\u0131na son qoydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(ard\u0131 var)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
(birinci hiss\u0259) 1894-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Fransa ordusunun y\u0259hudi \u0259silli zabiti Alfred … <\/p>\n