{"id":248731,"date":"2022-06-19T14:58:36","date_gmt":"2022-06-19T10:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/?p=248731"},"modified":"2022-06-19T14:58:39","modified_gmt":"2022-06-19T10:58:39","slug":"iran-sahinin-ag-inqilabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/iran-sahinin-ag-inqilabi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ran \u015fah\u0131n\u0131n \u201cA\u011f inqilab\u201d\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Referendumdan sonrak\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n siyasi kataklizml\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olundu<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1963-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 9-da M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah P\u0259hl\u0259vi alt\u0131 b\u0259ndd\u0259n ibar\u0259t islahatlar proqram\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131qlad\u0131. \u0130slahat\u0131n m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131 bunlar idi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.Torpaq islahat\u0131 v\u0259 feodalizmin l\u0259\u011fvi.
2. Me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 otlaqlar\u0131n millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si.
3. D\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin sat\u0131lmas\u0131.
4. Qad\u0131nlara se\u00e7m\u0259k v\u0259 se\u00e7ilm\u0259k h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259si.
5. F\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259rin i\u015fl\u0259dikl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin g\u0259lirl\u0259rind\u0259 pay sahibi olmalar\u0131.
6. Savads\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Maarif korpusunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eah 1950-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n \u0130ran\u0131n sosial-iqtisadi geriliyini aradan qald\u0131rmaq v\u0259 modernl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u00f6kl\u00fc islahatlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Amma bel\u0259 bir islahatlarlar\u0131n m\u00fcqavim\u0259tl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259c\u0259yi \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz oldu\u011fundan elan edilm\u0259si bir q\u0259d\u0259r l\u0259ngidi. \u0130slahat\u0131n \u0259sas madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri torpaq islahat\u0131 idi, bu is\u0259 iri torpaq sahibkarlar\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 ruhanil\u0259rin d\u0259 m\u0259nafeyin\u0259 toxunacaqd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u0130randa \u0259kin\u0259 yararl\u0131 torpa\u011f\u0131n 20 faizi v\u0259qf torpaqlar\u0131 idi v\u0259 \u00fcl\u0259man\u0131n ixtiyar\u0131nda idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259 \u00fcl\u0259ma aras\u0131nda ilk toqqu\u015fma 1962-ci ilin oktyabr\u0131nda ba\u015f verdi. \u018fs\u0259dulla Al\u0259m h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerli se\u00e7kil\u0259r haqq\u0131nda f\u0259rmanda qad\u0131nlara se\u00e7m\u0259k v\u0259 se\u00e7ilm\u0259k h\u00fcququ verilirdi. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, se\u00e7il\u0259c\u0259k \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin s\u0259mavi kitaba deyil, m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s kitaba and i\u00e7\u0259c\u0259yi g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu add\u0131m ruhanil\u0259rin etiraz\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Onlar hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, bununla b\u0259hail\u0259r\u0259 \u201cKitabi-\u0259qd\u0259s\u201d\u0259 and i\u00e7m\u0259k icaz\u0259si veril\u0259c\u0259k. \u0130ki b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcct\u0259hid \u2013 G\u00fclpeyqani v\u0259 \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259dari, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 ay\u0259tullah Xomeyni \u015faha m\u0259ktub yazaraq etiraz etdil\u0259r. \u015eah da geri \u00e7\u0259kildi v\u0259 f\u0259rman l\u0259\u011fv edildi. Qad\u0131nlar se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ qazanmad\u0131lar, and i\u00e7m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lki kimi Quran, Bibliya, T\u00f6vrat v\u0259 Avestadan istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma bundan n\u0259tic\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131, qad\u0131nlara se\u00e7ib-se\u00e7ilm\u0259k h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259sini torpaq islahat\u0131 kimi daha populyar t\u0259dbirl\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k, xalq\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259yini qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn referendum ke\u00e7irm\u0259k q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Qans\u0131z inqilab oldu\u011funa i\u015far\u0259 ed\u0259n \u201cA\u011f inqilab\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 tarix\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n islahatlar proqram\u0131 1963-c\u00fc ild\u0259 yanvar\u0131n 26-da referenduma \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131. Pozitiv mahiyy\u0259tin\u0259 baxmayaraq, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcxalif came\u0259 – Milli C\u0259bh\u0259, \u0130ran Azadl\u0131q H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131, Tud\u0259 v\u0259 b. islahatlar\u0131n \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rlar. Xomeyni \u201c\u0130slama uy\u011fun olmayan\u201d referendumu boykota \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u0259smi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, referendumda 5,5 milyondan \u00e7ox adam i\u015ftirak etdi v\u0259 onlar\u0131n 99,93 faizi islahatlara \u201ch\u0259\u201d dedi. Yaln\u0131z 4115 n\u0259f\u0259r m\u0259nfi cavab verdi. Onu da qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, s\u0259sverm\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 gizli deyildi. \u201cH\u0259\u201d dey\u0259nl\u0259r qutuya a\u011f ka\u011f\u0131z, \u201cyox\u201d dey\u0259nl\u0259r is\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l ka\u011f\u0131z salmal\u0131 idil\u0259r. \u0130slahatlar t\u0259klifi \u0259hali aras\u0131nda \u00fcmum\u0259n populyar idi, amma bu q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox s\u0259s toplamas\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0259b\u0259bi d\u0259 qeyri-gizlilik idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referendumdan sonrak\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n siyasi kataklizml\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olundu, bu bar\u0259d\u0259 \u201c\u0130ran inqilab \u00f6nc\u0259si\u201d adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259md\u0259 b\u0259hs etmi\u015f\u0259m. T\u0259b\u0259dd\u00fclatlar Ruhulla Xomeyninin \u0130randan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi v\u0259 \u015fah rejimi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 ala bildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 daha 13 madd\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 olunan A\u011f inqilab bir s\u0131ra m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r do\u011furdu. Amma eyni zamanda ba\u015fqa amill\u0259rd\u0259n dolay\u0131 xeyli m\u0259nfi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 oldu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar sonda etirazlar\u0131n artmas\u0131na, qanl\u0131 inqilaba v\u0259 monarxiyan\u0131n devrilm\u0259sin\u0259 apar\u0131b \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Torpaq fondunun 20 faizi, dediyimiz kimi, v\u0259qfl\u0259r\u0259, 50 faizi iri m\u00fclk\u0259darlara, 10 faizi d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 yaln\u0131z 20 faizi azad k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259xsus idi. Qanuna g\u00f6r\u0259, feodallar maksimum bir k\u0259nd\u0259 aid torpaq sah\u0259sin\u0259 malik ola bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. K\u0259n t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 naziri H\u0259s\u0259n \u018frs\u0259ncani deyirdi: \u201cBiz \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 150 k\u0259nd\u0259 sahib olan, yegan\u0259 istedadlar\u0131 narkotik q\u0259bul etm\u0259k v\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri d\u00f6ym\u0259k olanlardan ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131q\u201d. Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 daha konkret \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq edildi: bir n\u0259f\u0259r yaln\u0131z maksimum 30 hektar suvar\u0131lan v\u0259 200 hektar suvar\u0131lmayan (d\u0259my\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7iliyi) \u0259raziy\u0259 malik ola bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259nd\u0259n art\u0131q olan torpaqlar\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259t \u201c\u0259dal\u0259tli qiym\u0259tl\u0259\u201d feodaldan al\u0131r v\u0259 30% ucuz qiym\u0259t\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 sat\u0131rd\u0131. Bu zaman k\u0259ndliy\u0259 \u00e7ox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 faizl\u0259 25 illik kredit verilirdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, feodallar\u0131n k\u0259skin m\u00fcqavim\u0259tin\u0259, b\u0259z\u0259n g\u00f6z qorxutmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259tta q\u0259tl t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, milyonlarla k\u0259ndli torpaq sahibi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 otlaqlar\u0131n millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si bu \u0259razil\u0259rin istismar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. A\u011f inqilab d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 9 milyon a\u011fac \u0259kildi, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin v\u0259 avtomobil yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131nda 28 min hektar ya\u015f\u0131l zolaq sal\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u0259qs\u0259d bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n onlar\u0131n daha effektli idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 nail olmaq, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 torpaq islahat\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maliyy\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k idi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 55 zavod s\u0259hmdar c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259r\u0259k sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1963-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259n sonra ilk d\u0259f\u0259 parlamentd\u0259 alt\u0131 qad\u0131n t\u0259msil olundu. Monarxiyan\u0131n sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f daha \u00fc\u00e7 parlamentd\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131 7, 17 v\u0259 20 oldu. F\u0259rruxru Parsa 1968-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259hsil naziri v\u0259zif\u0259sini tutaraq \u0130ran tarixind\u0259 ilk qad\u0131n nazir oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259r i\u015fl\u0259dikl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin qazanc\u0131ndan pay alma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 1977-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n 530 min f\u0259hl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin qazanc\u0131ndan 12 milyard rial \u0259ld\u0259 etdil\u0259r ki, bu da onlar\u0131n 1-2 ayl\u0131q maa\u015f\u0131na b\u0259rab\u0259r idi. Bu hal f\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6z \u0259m\u0259kl\u0259rinin m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda maraql\u0131 edirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011f inqilabdan \u00f6nc\u0259 t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t b\u0259rbad idi. 1958-ci ild\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131 15-d\u0259n yuxar\u0131 olan ki\u015fil\u0259rin 67,2 faizi, qad\u0131nlar\u0131n is\u0259 87,8 faizi yaz\u0131b oxuya bilmirdi. \u018fhalinin 75 faizi k\u0259ndd\u0259, 25 faizi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin yaln\u0131z 24 faizi k\u0259ndd\u0259, 76 faizi is\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259rs deyirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0259ndin m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r\u0259 olan ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cMaarif korpusu\u201d deyil\u0259n qurum t\u0259\u015fkil edildi. Orta m\u0259kt\u0259bi bitir\u0259n g\u0259ncl\u0259r orduda xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259llimlikl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdular. B\u0259z\u0259n onlar h\u0259rbi xidm\u0259t m\u00fcdd\u0259ti bit\u0259nd\u0259n sonra da \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fli \u0259saslarla m\u00fc\u0259llimliy\u0259 davam edirdil\u0259r. Maarif korpusuna q\u0131zlar da c\u0259lb edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n

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M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah P\u0259hl\u0259vi \nM\u0259nb\u0259: “pinterest.com”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

1966-c\u0131 ild\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b t\u0259hsili 12 il m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olundu v\u0259 ibtidai, orta, yuxar\u0131 hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u0130btidai t\u0259hsil pulsuz v\u0259 m\u0259cburi idi. A\u011f inqilab d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130randa 3 mind\u0259n art\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259b tikildi. 1978-ci ild\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda savads\u0131zl\u0131q faizi 44,2 v\u0259 53 faiz\u0259 endi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eah qabaqc\u0131l universitetl\u0259rin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fviq edirdi. Massa\u00e7usets Texnologiya \u0130nstitutu \u00f6rn\u0259k g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k 1966-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Aryamehr Texnologiya Universiteti (indiki \u015e\u0259rif Texnologiya Universiteti) yarad\u0131ld\u0131, 1977-ci ild\u0259 onun \u0130sfahanda filial\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ki, indi m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u0130sfahan Texnologiya Universitetin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. 1946-c\u0131 ild\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lan \u015eiraz universiteti AB\u015e-\u0131n Sarma\u015f\u0131q liqas\u0131 universitetl\u0259rinin t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda yenid\u0259n quruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r 1953-c\u00fc ild\u0259 14500 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin t\u0259hsil ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 universitet vard\u0131sa, 1977-ci ild\u0259 16 universitetd\u0259 154 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 oxuyurdu. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, daha 100 min iranl\u0131 \u0259sas, x\u00fcsusi v\u0259 q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli proqramlar \u00fczr\u0259 Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 (50 mini AB\u015e-da) t\u0259hsil al\u0131rd\u0131lar, onlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si bunu d\u00f6vl\u0259t hesab\u0131na edirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 A\u011f inqilaba daha 13 madd\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 edildi. Bunlardan birincisi S\u0259hiyy\u0259 korpusunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 idi. Bu zaman Maarif korpusunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 prinsipl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 olundu. Tibbi xidm\u0259t alan g\u0259ncl\u0259r h\u0259rbi xidm\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259yal\u0259t \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259haliy\u0259 tibbi xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. \u0130ran milli universitetinin v\u0259 Tehran universitetinin n\u0259zdind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n tibb fak\u00fclt\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 1973-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ayr\u0131ca Tibb elml\u0259ri universiteti a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eyni \u0259saslarla Rekonstruksiya v\u0259 inki\u015faf korpusu yarad\u0131ld\u0131. K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri, tikinti, yol v\u0259 energetika m\u00fch\u0259ndisl\u0259ri \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildil\u0259r. Maarif, S\u0259hiyy\u0259, Rekonstruksiya v\u0259 inki\u015faf korpuslar\u0131 \u0130ran k\u0259ndinin geriliyini xeyli aradan qald\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1973-c\u00fc il M\u0259\u015fh\u0259r g\u00fcn\u00fc sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra neft qiym\u0259tl\u0259rinin artmas\u0131 \u015fah rejimin\u0259 sosial t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri art\u0131rmaq imkan\u0131 verdi. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 pulsuz ali t\u0259hsil d\u0259 almaq olard\u0131. U\u015faq ba\u011f\u00e7as\u0131na ged\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n 14 ya\u015fl\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259blil\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fcnd\u0259 bir d\u0259f\u0259 pulsuz yem\u0259kl\u0259 t\u0259min olunurdular. Ehtiyac\u0131 olan analar v\u0259 iki ya\u015fa q\u0259d\u0259r k\u00f6rp\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 pulsuz yem\u0259k ala bil\u0259rdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011f inqilab\u0131n ba\u015fqa madd\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 inzibati islahat\u0131, su ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin abadla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, sosial t\u0259minat t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri v\u0259 s\u0131\u011fortan\u0131n t\u0259tbiqini, f\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dikl\u0259ri s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin s\u0259hml\u0259rini almaq h\u00fcququ verilm\u0259sini, qiym\u0259t art\u0131m\u0131na v\u0259 korrupsiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259ni n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u0130slahatlar \u0130ran\u0131n dinamik inki\u015faf\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. \u00d6lk\u0259 art\u0131m tepml\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 yaln\u0131z Yaponiyadan geri qalaraq Asiyada ikinci yer\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. A\u011f inqilabdan sonrak\u0131 ilk 10 il \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00fcmumi milli m\u0259hsul 3,6 d\u0259f\u0259 artd\u0131. Yeni s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u2013 qara v\u0259 \u0259lvan metallurgiya, ma\u015f\u0131nqay\u0131rma, kimya v\u0259 qaz s\u0259nayesi v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 \u2013 meydana g\u0259ldi. 1970-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259hsul art\u0131m\u0131 20% t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259l b\u0259zi s\u0259naye m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rqi g\u00f6st\u0259rir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bununla bel\u0259, A\u011f inqlab\u0131n f\u0259sadlar\u0131 da az olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130randa ged\u0259n siyasi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 neft g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin artmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck rolu oldu. 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 neft g\u0259lirl\u0259ri 20 milyard dollara \u00e7atd\u0131 ki, bu da o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn kursu il\u0259 n\u0259h\u0259ng m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f idi. \u00d6lk\u0259nin valyuta g\u0259lirinin 72 faizi neft ixrac\u0131ndan daxil olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artan neft g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin xeyli hiss\u0259si h\u0259rbi x\u0259rcl\u0259r\u0259 (1977-ci il\u0259 7,2 milyard dollar), xeylisi d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif layih\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00f6vl\u0259t x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin artmas\u0131 inflyasiyaya s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Ba\u015f nazir \u018fmir Abbas Hoveydan\u0131n makroiqtisadi sabitlik namin\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t x\u0259rcl\u0259rini azaltmaq bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259klifi \u015fah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, neft g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin artmas\u0131 \u015fah\u0131n xalqdan v\u0259 ictimai r\u0259yd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltd\u0131. \u0130ndi o, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi q\u0259rarlar\u0131n\u0131 xalq il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259b g\u00f6rm\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, hakimiyy\u0259tin \u0259lind\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox s\u0259rv\u0259t toplan\u0131rsa, ictimai r\u0259yd\u0259n bir o q\u0259d\u0259r az as\u0131l\u0131 olur. \u00dcst\u0259lik, n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n hesabat t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259c\u0259k m\u00fcst\u0259qil parlament d\u0259 yox idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1974-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl x\u0259st\u0259 oldu\u011funu \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259si d\u0259, ehtimal ki, onun siyas\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir etdi. Ola bilsin ki, ba\u015fqa halda o, daha s\u0259brl\u0259 v\u0259 ehtiyatla h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259rdi. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn az qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259si is\u0259 onu daha t\u0259l\u0259sik davranma\u011fa s\u00f6vq edirdi. \u0130qtisadiyyat qanunlar\u0131 is\u0259 bel\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259sikliyi sevmir, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar \u0130ran c\u0259miyy\u0259ti s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n yenilikl\u0259ri h\u0259zm etm\u0259y\u0259 qadir deyildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011f inqilab\u0131n \u0259sas qay\u0259si olan v\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n x\u00fcsusi f\u0259xar\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 torpaq islahat\u0131 da g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n n\u0259tic\u0259ni verm\u0259di. K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin bir hiss\u0259si yen\u0259 d\u0259 torpaqs\u0131z qald\u0131, bir hiss\u0259si aztorpaql\u0131 oldu. K\u0259ndlinin savad s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin \u00f6z t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259qil idar\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verm\u0259m\u0259si d\u0259 \u00f6z s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc deyirdi. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r k\u0259ndli yaln\u0131z m\u0259hsul yeti\u015fdirm\u0259yin qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131na qal\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ndi is\u0259 vergi, g\u00fcbr\u0259, toxum, sat\u0131\u015f kimi qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131 yarand\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 onlar\u0131n bir \u00e7oxu m\u00fcflis oldu v\u0259 k\u0259ndi t\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 Tehrana \u00fcz tutdular. G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 onlar \u0130slam inqilab\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas z\u0259rb\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrildil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1973-1977-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00fcmumi milli m\u0259hsulda aqrar sektorun pay\u0131 18%-d\u0259n 8%-\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. 1956-c\u0131 ild\u0259 19 milyon \u0259halinin 57%-i, 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 33,7 milyon \u0259halinin 34%-i k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idi. K\u0259ndd\u0259 ged\u0259n bu prosesl\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131q \u00f6lk\u0259nin artan \u0259halisinin t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259mirdi. \u0130ran k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n ixrac\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan idxal\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7evrildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slahatlar\u0131n effektini azaldan ba\u015fqa bir c\u0259h\u0259t d\u0259 korrupsiya idi. \u015eah ail\u0259si \u00fczvl\u0259rinin, y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li m\u0259murlar\u0131n korrupsiyaya bula\u015fmas\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 azad v\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259tli iqtisadi m\u00fchit yaratmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u015fah\u0131n \u0259kiz bac\u0131s\u0131 \u018f\u015fr\u0259f \u00e7oxlu m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin \u015f\u0259riki idi. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, A\u011f inqilab\u0131n sonuncu, 19-cu madd\u0259si korrupsiya il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 haqq\u0131nda idi. Amma 1977-ci ilin yay\u0131nda veril\u0259n bu f\u0259rman \u00e7ox gecikmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slahatlar \u0130ran\u0131 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n modernl\u0259\u015fdirs\u0259 d\u0259, t\u0259hsil, s\u0259hiyy\u0259, s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olsa da, g\u0259lirl\u0259rin \u0259dal\u0259tli b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259m\u0259si insanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirdi. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin 84 faizi 45 ail\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259xsus idi ki, onlar da bu v\u0259 dig\u0259r d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 sarayla yax\u0131n olanlar idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eah\u0131n ucqarlar\u0131 modernl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k c\u0259hdl\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, Tehranla \u0259yal\u0259t aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq yen\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259h\u0259ng idi. \u00d6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin 20 faizind\u0259n az\u0131 ya\u015fayan paytaxtda qeydiyyatda olan \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin 82%, h\u0259kiml\u0259rin 50%, x\u0259st\u0259xana \u00e7arpay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 42%, kinoteatra ged\u0259nl\u0259rin 40%, q\u0259zet oxuyanlar\u0131n 80% ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. Tehranda on n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n birinin avtomobili vard\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259nin ba\u015fqa yerl\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m doxsanda bir idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi modernl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 siyasi sah\u0259y\u0259 inikas etm\u0259di. \u018fksin\u0259, rejim daha da m\u00fcrt\u0259cel\u0259\u015fdi. Gizli polis SAVAK m\u00fcxalif\u0259ti v\u0259 m\u00fcxaif fikri k\u0259skin t\u0259qib edirdi. Yalan\u00e7\u0131 ikipartiyal\u0131 sistem is\u0259 1975-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 sisteml\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olundu. Mardom (Xalq) v\u0259 \u0130ran-e novin (Yeni \u0130ran) partiyalar\u0131 bir partiyada birl\u0259\u015fdil\u0259r v\u0259 bu yeni siyasi qurumun ad\u0131 R\u0259st\u0259xiz (Dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015f) oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t, yeti\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ciddi rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259hsilli g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u00fcr\u0259yinc\u0259 deyildi. Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsil alan insanlar \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki despotizmi q\u0259bul etmirdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si m\u00fcxalif fikrin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7evrilirdi, bir hiss\u0259si \u0130rana qay\u0131tmaqdan imtina edirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, monarxiyan\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n olan \u018fli \u015e\u0259ri\u0259ti d\u00f6vl\u0259tin bursu hesab\u0131na Fransada t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b islahatlar proqram\u0131 ona uy\u011fun idar\u0259\u00e7ilik sisteminin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. Amma idar\u0259\u00e7ilik n\u0259inki modernl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259di, h\u0259tta daha da primitivl\u0259\u015fdi, bir adam\u0131n \u2013 monarx\u0131n ist\u0259kl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 irad\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 oldu. \u015eah\u0131n, he\u00e7 olmasa. liberal m\u00fcxalif\u0259t\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t imkan\u0131 yaratmaq \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn naraz\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 repressiya t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259si m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin konsolidasiyas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah P\u0259hl\u0259vi A\u011f inqilab\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 inqilab\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Amma yol veril\u0259n n\u00f6qsanlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Ya\u015f\u0131l inqilabla \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Referendumdan sonrak\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n siyasi kataklizml\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olundu 1963-c\u00fc il … <\/p>\n

Davam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":119327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130ran \u015fah\u0131n\u0131n \u201cA\u011f inqilab\u201d\u0131 - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/iran-sahinin-ag-inqilabi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130ran \u015fah\u0131n\u0131n \u201cA\u011f inqilab\u201d\u0131 - MEYDAN.TV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Referendumdan sonrak\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n siyasi kataklizml\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t olundu 1963-c\u00fc il ... 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