\u0130cra hakimiyy\u0259ti<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yaz\u0131)
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Bizd\u0259 qanunvericilik var, h\u00fcquqyaratma prosesi yoxdur. Birinci formal qanunlar yaratmaqla, ikinci h\u00fcquq qanunlar\u0131 yaratmaqla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur. Birinci – hakimiyy\u0259tin h\u00fcququnu, ikinci – h\u00fcququn hakimiyy\u0259tini yarad\u0131r.
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\u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud durum \u2013 hakimiyy\u0259tin h\u00fcququnun h\u00fcququn hakimiyy\u0259tini \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259m\u0259si m\u0259hz bundan qaynaqlan\u0131r. Bu durumun konstitusion v\u0259 qanuni \u0259saslar\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131b.
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Konstitusiyan\u0131n 96-c\u0131 madd\u0259sind\u0259 deyilir: “Qanunvericilik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00fcququ (qanun layih\u0259l\u0259rini v\u0259 ba\u015fqa m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri Milli M\u0259clisin m\u00fczakir\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ) Milli M\u0259clisin deputatlar\u0131na, \u00f6lk\u0259 Prezidentin\u0259, Ali M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259, se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ olan 40 min v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fa, AR Prokurorlu\u011funa v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Ali M\u0259clisin\u0259 m\u0259nsubdur.
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\u00d6lk\u0259 Prezidentinin, Ali M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin, se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ olan 40 min v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n, Prokurorlu\u011fun v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van Ali M\u0259clisinin qanunvericilik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc qaydas\u0131nda Milli M\u0259clisin m\u00fczakir\u0259sin\u0259 verdiyi qanun v\u0259 ya q\u0259rar layih\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259qdim olunmu\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 s\u0259s\u0259 qoyulur. Bel\u0259 qanun v\u0259 ya q\u0259rar layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r qanunvericilik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00fcququndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n subyektin raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r\u201d.
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\u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 qanunvericilik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00fcququndan gen-bol yararlanan bir subyekt var: Prezident.
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Bu h\u00fcququn ba\u015fqa subyektl\u0259rinin \u201cpassivliyini\u201d q\u0131ra\u011fa qoyaq v\u0259 ali qanunverici orqan\u0131 \u2013 Milli M\u0259clisi faktiki \u0259v\u0259z etmi\u015f Prezidentin hakim m\u00f6vqeyini t\u0259min ed\u0259n ba\u015fqa qaydalara baxaq: Prezident qanun layih\u0259sini haz\u0131rlay\u0131b parlament\u0259 t\u0259qdim edir, layih\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklik etm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131q verir, qanun layih\u0259l\u0259rini v\u0259 h\u0259tta q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f qanunlar\u0131 ekspertizadan ke\u00e7irir, qanunu imzalay\u0131b q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 mindirir, qanuna veto qoyur, onun icras\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 F\u0259rman verir, onun t\u0259tbiqi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 normativ akt (f\u0259rmanlar) q\u0259bul edir, n\u0259hay\u0259t, bu qanunlar\u0131 q\u0259bul ed\u0259n ali qanunverici orqan\u0131 \u2013 parlamenti buraxa bilir.
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\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, icra hakimiyy\u0259tinin qanunverici hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 onun s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fc \u0259sas\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7 formada t\u0259zah\u00fcr edir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Konstitusiya q\u0259bul edildikd\u0259n sonra onda d\u0259yi\u015fiklik edilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 ondan art\u0131q referendum ke\u00e7irilib, lakin \u201cQanunlar\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131\u201d adlanan 110-cu madd\u0259 toxunulmaz qal\u0131b, 96-c\u0131 madd\u0259y\u0259 is\u0259 \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ olan 40 min v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zl\u0259ri \u0259lav\u0259 edilib. Bu \u0259lav\u0259nin i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nmas\u0131na c\u0259hdl\u0259r is\u0259 12 il ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 verm\u0259yib.
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\u00d6lk\u0259 ictimai r\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 parlament icra hakimiyy\u0259tinin qanun t\u0259sdiqetm\u0259 kontoruna \u00e7evrilib\u2026
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Qanunvericilik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn faktiki olaraq bir \u0259ld\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fm\u0259si Konstitusiyaya uy\u011fun deyil, ba\u015fqa subyektl\u0259rin, onlar\u0131n vasit\u0259sil\u0259 v\u0259 ya vasit\u0259siz olaraq toplumun d\u00f6vl\u0259tin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak, d\u00f6vl\u0259t irad\u0259sinin formala\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si prinsip v\u0259 qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 v\u0259 x\u0259yali h\u00fcquqa \u00e7evrilm\u0259sidir.
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Konstitusiyan\u0131n 1-ci madd\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda d\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259tinin yegan\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yi Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131d\u0131r.
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Hakimiyy\u0259tin bir \u0259ld\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fm\u0259si o dem\u0259kdir ki, hakimiyy\u0259tin ger\u00e7\u0259kd\u0259n m\u0259nb\u0259yi yegan\u0259dir, lakin o, xalq deyil, prezidentdir. Azad, \u0259dal\u0259tli, demokratik se\u00e7kil\u0259r yolu il\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259tini formala\u015fd\u0131ra bilm\u0259y\u0259n xalq hakimiyy\u0259tin m\u0259nb\u0259yi say\u0131la bilm\u0259z.
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Qanun \u00e7e\u015fidli m\u0259nafel\u0259rin kompromisidir. Qanunvericilik prosesi, qanunlar\u0131n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti bir hakimiyy\u0259t buda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, h\u0259tta t\u0259kc\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin inhisar\u0131nda olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
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Qanun, ad\u0259t\u0259n, b\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan onu icra etm\u0259li adamlar\u0131n da r\u0259yi b\u00fct\u00fcn qanunvericilik prosesi boyu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Son ill\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan real durum budur ki, siyasi partiyalar, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259ti, m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r qanunvericilik prosesind\u0259n k\u0259narda qal\u0131blar.
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\u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 ictimai r\u0259y diqq\u0259t obyektind\u0259n \u00e7ox inkar obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib.
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Hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si prinsipini \u00e7\u0259tin anlayanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 dey\u0259k: d\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259tinin qanunverici, icra, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si o dem\u0259kdir ki, parlament ancaq qanunlar q\u0259bul etm\u0259li, icra hakimiyy\u0259ti qanunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259li, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259dal\u0259t m\u00fchakim\u0259sini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259lidir.
Bel\u0259dirs\u0259, icra hakimiyy\u0259tinin qanunvericilik s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tini \u0259slind\u0259 monopoliyaya almas\u0131 hans\u0131 h\u00fcquq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sin\u0259 s\u00f6yk\u0259nir?
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B\u0259s hakimiyy\u0259t nec\u0259, b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcbm\u00fc v\u0259 ya parlament adlanan m\u0259nas\u0131z quruma bu q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259saiti israf edilm\u0259sinin m\u0259nas\u0131 n\u0259dir?
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H\u00fcquq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sini q\u0131ra\u011fa qoyub Az\u0259rbaycan Konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn elan etdiyi prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 baxaq:
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\u201cAz\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti\u201d adlanan 7-ci madd\u0259d\u0259 deyilir: \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti demokratik, h\u00fcquqi, d\u00fcny\u0259vi, unitar respublikad\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda d\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259ti hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si prinsipi \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259\u015fkil edilir v\u0259 qanunvericilik hakimiyy\u0259tini Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Milli M\u0259clisi h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir\u201d.
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Parlamentin ali qanunverici orqan statusu onun konstitusion s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi il\u0259 t\u0259min edilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7\u0259k qanun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 prosesi kims\u0259nin m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si olmadan, parlamentin qanun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 qanunlar\u0131n s\u0259rb\u0259st m\u00fczakir\u0259si v\u0259 q\u0259bulu dem\u0259kdir.
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M\u00fczakir\u0259 etdiyi layih\u0259y\u0259 kimd\u0259ns\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131q almadan d\u0259yi\u015fiklik ed\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n orqan ali qanunverici orqan say\u0131la bilm\u0259z. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, biz bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 hakim partiyan\u0131n parlamentd\u0259ki \u00fczvl\u0259rinin \u201cM\u00f6ht\u0259r\u0259m Prezidentin g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi layih\u0259nin m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 yoxdur\u201d kimi Konstitusiya v\u0259 qanunlara zidd, sarsaq \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u015fahidi olmu\u015fuq.
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\u201cLiberalizmin atas\u0131\u201d C.Lokk \u201cQanun c\u0259miyy\u0259tin irad\u0259si olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d dey\u0259nd\u0259 hardan bil\u0259 bil\u0259rdi ki, ondan d\u00f6rd y\u00fcz il sonra da buna \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 ed\u0259nl\u0259r olacaq\u2026
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Layih\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifinin raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 qanun q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si qaydas\u0131 qanunvericilik prosesin\u0259 m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin g\u0259tirilm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir. Bu qayda m\u0259hz prezident layih\u0259l\u0259rinin toxunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Konstitusiyaya daxil edilib. \u00c7\u00fcnki qanunvericilik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00fcququ faktiki olaraq onun monopoliyas\u0131na \u00e7evrilib. Cari qanunvericilik d\u0259 bu y\u00f6nd\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b.
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\u201cNormativ h\u00fcquqi aktlar haqq\u0131nda\u201d Konstitusiya Qanununun (bundan sonra – KQ) \u201cNormayaratma prosesi\u201d adlanan VIII F\u0259slinin qaydalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, normativ h\u00fcquqi akt\u0131n layih\u0259sinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 normayaratma t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 bax\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 layih\u0259nin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si, layih\u0259nin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilati-texniki v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 t\u0259minat\u0131, z\u0259ruri materiallar\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, layih\u0259nin konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, layih\u0259nin m\u0259tninin t\u0259rtib edilm\u0259si, layih\u0259nin raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u00fcquqi, linqvistik, maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa z\u0259ruri ekspertizalar\u0131n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259t olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
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Praktikada \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda b\u00fct\u00fcn bu etaplar hans\u0131sa \u00f6lk\u0259nin (ad\u0259t\u0259n Rusiyan\u0131n) ox\u015far qanununun t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si v\u0259 axtalanmas\u0131 prosesi il\u0259 qapan\u0131r.
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KQ-nin t\u0259l\u0259bin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, normayaratma orqan\u0131 normativ h\u00fcquqi akt\u0131n layih\u0259sinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259qil sur\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 v\u0259 ya normayaratma t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fqa subyektinin s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 aid edil\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259min subyekt\u0259 tap\u015f\u0131ra bil\u0259r, layih\u0259nin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri c\u0259lb ed\u0259, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti komissiyalara v\u0259 ya i\u015f\u00e7i qruplar\u0131na tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131q ver\u0259 bil\u0259r.
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Bu qayda sifari\u015fli qanunlar\u0131n q\u0259bulu kimi icra edilir. Polis, \u0259dliyy\u0259, prokurorluq, icra hakimiyy\u0259ti orqanlar\u0131 qanun layih\u0259sini ist\u0259diyi kimi haz\u0131rlay\u0131b parlament\u0259 t\u0259qdim edir v\u0259 c\u00fczi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rl\u0259 onun q\u0259buluna nail olur.
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Qanunun t\u0259l\u0259bin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 qanun layih\u0259l\u0259rinin ekspertizas\u0131n\u0131 Milli M\u0259clisin aparat\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. Ba\u015fqa subyektl\u0259rd\u0259n daxil olan qanun layih\u0259l\u0259ri az-\u00e7ox ekspertizaya m\u0259ruz qalsa da, Prezident Administrasiyas\u0131ndan daxil olan layih\u0259l\u0259r dem\u0259k olar oldu\u011fu kimi q\u0259bul edilir, ekspertiza formal xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bu halda qanunvericilik hakimiyy\u0259ti icra hakimiyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259nir, icra hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259slind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 statusu \u0259ld\u0259 edir. Bu durumun yaranmas\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0259b\u0259bi d\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tinin, o s\u0131radan Konstitusiya M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin icra hakimiyy\u0259tind\u0259n tam as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
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\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f h\u00fcquq prinsipl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda yeni, proqressiv Konstitusiyan\u0131n q\u0259buluna ciddi ehtiyac var. D\u00f6vl\u0259tin n\u00fcfuzu v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131, insan h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 qanunun hakimiyy\u0259tinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 ondan \u00e7ox as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.
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Qanunla v\u0259 ba\u015fqa normativ aktlarla nizamlanmal\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin dair\u0259sinin d\u0259qiq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si, prezident f\u0259rmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni norma yaratmaq h\u0259dl\u0259rinin c\u0131z\u0131lmas\u0131, icra hakimiyy\u0259tinin qanunvericilik prosesin\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, hakimiyy\u0259tin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si v\u0259 tarazla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u015fqa m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259llinin vaxt\u0131 \u00e7oxdan \u00e7at\u0131b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130cra hakimiyy\u0259ti (\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yaz\u0131) Bizd\u0259 qanunvericilik var, h\u00fcquqyaratma prosesi yoxdur. … <\/p>\n