\n
\n Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 v\u00fcs\u0259t alan Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc insanlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirirdi
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n
\n 70 il \u00f6nc\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u00e7ox \u00f6n\u0259mli bir hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verdi. 1950-ci ilin may\u0131nda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n se\u00e7kil\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ilk dinc hakimiyy\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi h\u0259yata ke\u00e7di: m\u00fcxalif Demokrat Partiyas\u0131 (DP) iqtidar oldu, C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Xalq Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n (CHP) 27 illik fasil\u0259siz iqtidar\u0131 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131. Bundan 60 il \u00f6nc\u0259, 1960-c\u0131 ilin may\u0131nda is\u0259 DP iqtidar\u0131 h\u0259rbi \u00e7evrili\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 devrildi. Bu diqq\u0259t\u0259layiq hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259 h\u0259sr etm\u0259yi q\u0259rara ald\u0131m. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259 onlardan birincisidir.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 v\u00fcs\u0259t alan Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 aid v\u0259 \u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc insanlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirirdi. Sava\u015f q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131qdan sonra qalibl\u0259r aras\u0131nda fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdi. Bel\u0259 ixtilaflar\u0131n \u00e7oxlu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri vard\u0131, amma \u0259n ba\u015fl\u0131cas\u0131, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, 1923-c\u00fc ilin oktyabr\u0131n 29-da Osmanl\u0131 monarxiyas\u0131na son qoyulmas\u0131 v\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin elan\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 bundan d\u00f6rd ay sonra, 1924-c\u00fc il mart\u0131n 3-d\u0259 Xilaf\u0259tin qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bundan \u0259lav\u0259 \u00e7oxlu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r d\u0259 vard\u0131 ki, buraya Lozanna m\u00fcqavil\u0259si, Mosul m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si, din\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t v\u0259 ba\u015fqa hallar daxil idi. Daha demokraik k\u0259sim \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 bir partiyan\u0131n v\u0259 bir adam\u0131n hegemonlu\u011funun b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131ndan naraz\u0131 idi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu naraz\u0131lar\u0131n bir g\u00fcn t\u0259\u015fkilatlanacaqlar\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Naraz\u0131lar 1924-c\u00fc il noyabr\u0131n 17-d\u0259 T\u0259r\u0259qqip\u0259rv\u0259r C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Firq\u0259sini yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 elan etdil\u0259r. Firq\u0259nin yarad\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn yax\u0131n silahda\u015flar\u0131 olan h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r v\u0259 m\u00fclki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r vard\u0131: Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele, Cafer Tayyar Egilmez kimi h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 Adnan Ad\u0131var, Bekir Sami, \u0130smail Canbulat v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u00fclki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n TCF \u00f6z proqram\u0131nda bir \u00e7ox m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 hakim C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Xalq Firq\u0259sind\u0259n daha liberal yana\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. O, hakimiyy\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 idi, m\u00fcst\u0259qil qanunverici, icra v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi, prezidentin partiyas\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru hesab edirdil\u0259r. \u0130qtisadiyyatda v\u0259 dig\u0259r sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131, hakimiyy\u0259tin m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259n yerl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini, yaln\u0131z \u00e7oxpartiyal\u0131l\u0131q \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 mill\u0259tin irad\u0259sinin hakim olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Konstitusiyan\u0131n yaln\u0131z xalq\u0131n r\u0259yi \u0259sas\u0131nda q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sini v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259sini t\u0259bli\u011f edirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018fn \u00e7ox rezonans do\u011furan is\u0259 partiya proqram\u0131ndak\u0131 "F\u0131rka, efkar ve itikadat-\u0131 diniyyeye h\u00fcrmetkard\u0131r" (pariya dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 etiqadlara h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131r) ifad\u0259si idi. Bu madd\u0259 insanlar\u0131n dini duy\u011fular\u0131ndan siyasi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 c\u0259hdi kimi yozuldu. Halbuki o zaman T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 konstitusiyas\u0131nda d\u00f6vl\u0259tin r\u0259smi dininin \u0130slam oldu\u011fu yer al\u0131rd\u0131 (h\u0259min madd\u0259 1928-ci ild\u0259 aprelin 10-da \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131).\n<\/p>\n
\n Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, yeni partiyaya \u00fczv olanlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi prinsipl\u0259ri b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259 inanmaq sad\u0259l\u00f6vhl\u00fck olard\u0131. TCF yegan\u0259 m\u00fcxalif t\u0259\u015fkilat idi v\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq iqtidardan naraz\u0131 olanlar\u0131n \u00e7ox hiss\u0259si buraya ax\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Onlar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda sadalanan liberal prinsipl\u0259ri b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 m\u00fchafiz\u0259karlar, h\u0259tta m\u00fctl\u0259q monarxiyan\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131n\u0131n ist\u0259y\u0259n m\u00fcrt\u0259ce q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 vard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1925-ci il fevral\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin c\u0259nub-\u015f\u0259rq b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 \u015eeyx S\u0259id \u00fcsyan\u0131 ba\u015f verdi. Bu hadis\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 \u00f6z daxili siyas\u0259tini daha s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259han\u0259 verdi. Mart\u0131n 3-d\u0259 m\u00f6t\u0259dil Ali Fethi Okyar\u0131n yerin\u0259 \u0130sm\u0259t \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ikinci d\u0259f\u0259 Ba\u015f nazir oldu. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn "Takrir-i s\u00fckun" qanunu q\u0259bul edildi. Bu qanun h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 asayi\u015f\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 hesab etdikl\u0259ri ist\u0259nil\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131, qurumu v\u0259 m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamaq s\u0259lahiyy\u0259ti verirdi. Art\u0131q mart\u0131n 6-dan ba\u015flayaraq, t\u0259k-t\u00fck q\u0259zetl\u0259r istisna olmaqla, dig\u0259rl\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n vaxtil\u0259 Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259st\u0259k ver\u0259n q\u0259zetl\u0259r ba\u011fland\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 ay sonra is\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259 T\u0259r\u0259qqip\u0259rv\u0259r C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Firq\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131. Partiyan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rq vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259ki \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259rinin guya \u015eeyx S\u0259id \u00fcsyan\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259k verdiyi iddia olunaraq qapad\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar iyunun 5-d\u0259 q\u0259bul olundu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bir il sonra is\u0259 Atat\u00fcrk\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u0130zmird\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan sui-q\u0259sdd\u0259 i\u015ftirak iddias\u0131 il\u0259 TCF-nin bir \u00e7ox \u00f6n\u0259mli \u00fczvl\u0259ri d\u0259 istintaqa c\u0259lb olundular. Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Refet Bele, Ahmet Faik G\u00fcnday, Feridun Fikri D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel, Adnan Ad\u0131var (qiyabi) m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259d\u0259n b\u0259ra\u0259t alsalar da, \u0130smail Canbulat, Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bay\u0131nd\u0131r, Mehmet Arif, Mehmet Halis Tar\u0131kahya edam c\u0259zas\u0131na, xaricd\u0259 olan Rauf Orbay is\u0259 qiyabi olaraq 10 illik h\u0259bs c\u0259zas\u0131na m\u0259hkum edildil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Sonralar \u0130sm\u0259t \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 bel\u0259 qiym\u0259t ver\u0259c\u0259kdi: "T\u0259r\u0259qqip\u0259rv\u0259r firq\u0259ni bizim dostlar\u0131m\u0131z qurdular. Seyx S\u0259id \u00fcsyan\u0131 bizi qorxutdu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni olan devrimi qorumaq qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131yla bu partiyan\u0131 qapatd\u0131q, amma yax\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fey deyildi. Onu qoruyacaqd\u0131q, x\u0259ta etdik. Qorusayd\u0131q, indi bu g\u0259l\u0259n\u0259k (\u00e7oxpartiyal\u0131l\u0131q – Y.S.) d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f olacaqd\u0131".\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n \u015eeyx S\u0259id \u00fcsyan\u0131ndan sonra Ba\u015f nazirlikd\u0259n istefa ver\u0259n Ali Fethi Okyar T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Fransadak\u0131 s\u0259firi t\u0259yin olundu v\u0259 be\u015f il bu v\u0259zif\u0259ni tutdu. `1930-cu ilin yay m\u0259zuniyy\u0259tini ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259t\u0259nin\u0259 d\u00f6nd\u00fckd\u0259, Yalovada istirah\u0259t ed\u0259n Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6r\u0259, Mustafa Kamal Okyardan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Avropadan nec\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc soru\u015fur v\u0259 cavab\u0131nda bu s\u00f6zl\u0259ri e\u015fidir: "\u201cBug\u00fcnk\u00fc manzaram\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 bir diktatura manzaras\u0131d\u0131r. Vak\u0131a bir meclis vard\u0131r. Fakat dahilde ve hari\u00e7te bize diktatura nazar\u0131yla bak\u0131yorlar\u201d.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra Atat\u00fcrk Okyara bir m\u00fcxalif\u0259t partiyas\u0131 qurma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. Bunu e\u015fid\u0259n Fethi b\u0259y t\u0259la\u015f ke\u00e7irir, \u00e7\u00fcnki \u0259vv\u0259lki m\u00fcxalif\u0259t partiyas\u0131 \u00fczvl\u0259rinin ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar idi. Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fladan pa\u015falar \u0130zmir sui-q\u0259sdind\u0259n dolay\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u0259n d\u00f6nd\u00fcl\u0259r, b\u0259ra\u0259t alanlar bel\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda saxlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131lar, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir ev dusta\u011f\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fan\u0131n t\u0259klifi Fethi Okyar\u0131n \u00fcr\u0259yind\u0259n olmur. Onun t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcd ke\u00e7irdiyini g\u00f6r\u0259n pa\u015fa \u00f6z bac\u0131s\u0131 Makbule xan\u0131m\u0131n v\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n dostu Nuri Conkerin d\u0259 yeni partiyaya \u00fczv olacaqlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259yir. Bu adlar Orbay\u0131n bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u00fcr\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur.\n<\/p>\n
\n Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn bu q\u0259rara niy\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sini s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. Ola bil\u0259r ki, \u015eeyx S\u0259id \u00fcsyan\u0131ndan sonrak\u0131 5 il \u0259rzind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir a\u00e7\u0131q naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f verm\u0259m\u0259si onda t\u0259tbiq etdiyi yenilikl\u0259ri T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 toplumunun m\u0259mnunluqla q\u0259bul etm\u0259si ill\u00fcz\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, ikipartiyal\u0131 sistem ona h\u0259m diktatura ittihamlar\u0131ndan qurtulma\u011fa imkan ver\u0259rdi, h\u0259m d\u0259 hakim CHP-na aid m\u0259murlar\u0131n daha m\u0259suliyy\u0259tli olmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259rdi. H\u0259m d\u0259 naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar fonunda m\u00fcxalif partiya "ild\u0131r\u0131m\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n" rolunu oynaya bil\u0259rdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ba\u015fqa vaxt da bu c\u0259hdin u\u011furlu olaca\u011f\u0131 xeyli m\u00fcbahis\u0259lidir, amma se\u00e7il\u0259n vaxt lap \u0259lveri\u015fsiz idi. H\u0259l\u0259 XIX ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n iqtisadi v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 1911-1922-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 11 il davam ed\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n (Tripolitaniya m\u00fcharib\u0259si, iki Balkan m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri, Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si v\u0259 Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131) sonra olduqca a\u011f\u0131r durumda idi. \u00d6lk\u0259ni bu durumdan \u00e7\u0131xaracaq savada, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259 malik olan insanlar da az idil\u0259r. Atat\u00fcrk daxil olmaqla iqtidardara yiy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n insanlar\u0131n iqtisadi bilikl\u0259ri d\u0259 yet\u0259rli deyildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n V\u0259ziyy\u0259ti \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 el\u0259 Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6z\u00fc yav\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259tind\u0259 t\u0259svir etmi\u015fdi : "Bunal\u0131yorum \u00e7ocuk, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u0131st\u0131rap i\u00e7inde bunal\u0131yorum! G\u00f6r\u00fcyorsun ya, her gitti\u011fimiz yerde m\u00fctemadiyen dert, \u015fikayet dinliyoruz. Her taraf derin bir yokluk, maddi, manevi peri\u015fanl\u0131k i\u00e7inde. Ferahlat\u0131c\u0131 pek az \u015feye rastl\u0131yoruz. Maalesef memleketin hakiki durumu bu i\u015fte. Bunda bizim g\u00fcnah\u0131m\u0131z yoktur. Uzun y\u0131llar hatta as\u0131rlarca d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gidi\u015finden bihaber, bir tak\u0131m \u015fuursuz idarecilerin elinde kalan bu cennet memleket; d\u00fc\u015fe d\u00fc\u015fe \u015fu ac\u0131nacak hale d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Memurlar\u0131m\u0131z hen\u00fcz istenilen seviyede ve kalitede de\u011fil; \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcz,kifayetsiz ve \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n".\n<\/p>\n
\n 1929-cu ild\u0259 ba\u015flayan \u00fcmumd\u00fcnya iqtisadi b\u00f6hran\u0131 m\u00f6vcud durumu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131, naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcxalif bir partiyan\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 x\u0259b\u0259ri toplumda bomba kimi partlad\u0131. D\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq iqtidardan naraz\u0131 olanlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti avqustun 12-d\u0259 yarad\u0131lan v\u0259 S\u0259rb\u0259st C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Firq\u0259si ad\u0131 veril\u0259n bu partiyaya ax\u0131\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu zaman partiyan\u0131n proqram\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan "Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn ilke v\u0259 inqilablar\u0131na sadiqlik" s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t ver\u0259n yox idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Az\u0259rbaycan C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin \u00f6n\u0259mli xadiml\u0259rind\u0259n \u018fhm\u0259d A\u011fao\u011flunun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 partiya proqram\u0131nda CHP il\u0259 \u0259sas fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 iqtisadi sah\u0259y\u0259 aid idi. S\u0259rb\u0259st Firq\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l sah\u0259nin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 xarici s\u0259rmay\u0259nin h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirilm\u0259sinin t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 idi. Qad\u0131nlara se\u00e7ib-se\u00e7ilm\u0259k h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259si d\u0259 proqrama daxil idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 hakim CHF daxilind\u0259 Ba\u015f nazir \u0130sm\u0259t \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fcy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcxalif m\u00f6vqe tutan 13 mill\u0259t v\u0259kili SCF-n\u0259 qat\u0131ld\u0131. Daha bir mill\u0259t v\u0259kili, Haydar Yulu\u011f k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olaraq yeni partiyaya qo\u015fuldu. Fethi Okyar \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 aral\u0131q se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhaned\u0259n mill\u0259t v\u0259kili se\u00e7ildi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, yeni yaranan partiya T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Mill\u0259t M\u0259clisind\u0259 art\u0131q 15 n\u0259f\u0259rlik qrupla t\u0259msil olunurdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n SCF-nin 1931-ci ilin parlament se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu. Amma Fethi Okyar oktyabrda ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259k b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259 se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259zi dair\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi. Atat\u00fcrk d\u0259 buna etiraz etm\u0259di. D\u00f6vr\u00fcn n\u0259qliyyat\u0131 se\u00e7kil\u0259r\u0259 qalan az vaxt \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00e7ox yeri g\u0259zm\u0259k imkan\u0131 vermirdi, Okyar Egey d\u0259nizi sahill\u0259rind\u0259ki b\u0259zi vilay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u015f \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu g\u0259zinti \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259ki iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n v\u0259 Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq etdiyi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rd\u0259n naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n hans\u0131 h\u0259dd\u0259 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar ortaya qoydu. \u0130zmir d\u0259niz liman\u0131nda Okyar\u0131 onminl\u0259rl\u0259 insan qar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Onlar "Qurtar bizi" \u015f\u00fcar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259sl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. \u018fsas hadis\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 sentyabr\u0131n 7-d\u0259 Alsancak stadionundak\u0131 mitinqd\u0259 (\u0259slind\u0259 6-da olmal\u0131 idi, amma \u0130sm\u0259t \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn yax\u0131n adam\u0131 olan \u0130zmir valisinin \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259ri \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n ba\u015f tutmur, Atat\u00fcrk i\u015f\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olur) ba\u015f verir.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018flli mind\u0259n \u00e7ox insan\u0131n i\u015ftirak etdiyi mitinqd\u0259 s\u0259sg\u00fccl\u0259ndirici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u0259zi SCF \u00fczvl\u0259ri Fethi b\u0259yin dedikl\u0259rini k\u00fctl\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uca s\u0259sl\u0259 t\u0259krar edirl\u0259r. Bu \u00fczd\u0259n SCF ba\u015fqan\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u0259ri iki-iki, \u00fc\u00e7-\u00fc\u00e7 t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz edir, yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259krar etm\u0259sini g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k davam edir. Mitinqd\u0259ki m\u0259\u015fhur kuryoz hadis\u0259 d\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 ba\u015f verir.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1925-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan "\u015eapka kanunu"na \u0259sas\u0259n f\u0259s, sar\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r ki\u015fi ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259ri qada\u011fan edilmi\u015f, Avropasaya\u011f\u0131 \u015fapkalar\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131 m\u0259cburi olmu\u015fdu. Fethi Okyar \u0130zmir \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda SCF-nin ba\u015fqa d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r kimi bu qanuna da sadiq oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k, m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar k\u0259simin \u0259sass\u0131z g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259rini yat\u0131rtmaq ist\u0259yir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 "Bizim \u015fapkan\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b, f\u0259si g\u0259tir\u0259c\u0259yimizi s\u00f6yl\u0259yirl\u0259r. Bizim bunlarla i\u015fimiz yox" c\u00fcml\u0259sini dem\u0259k ist\u0259yir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Amma yuxar\u0131da g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyimiz s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n c\u00fcml\u0259ni hiss\u0259-hiss\u0259 deyir. "Bizim \u015fapkan\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b…", dig\u0259rl\u0259ri t\u0259krar edirl\u0259r, "f\u0259si g\u0259tir\u0259c\u0259yimizi s\u00f6yl\u0259yirl\u0259r…", dig\u0259rl\u0259ri t\u0259krar edirl\u0259r. Bu zaman stadiondak\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti c\u00fcml\u0259ni s\u0259hv anlayaraq, gerisini g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259d\u0259n sevincl\u0259 ba\u015flar\u0131ndak\u0131 \u015fapkan\u0131 yer\u0259 ataraq tapdama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131rlar.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu hadis\u0259 bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r Atat\u00fcrk\u0259 \u00e7atanda zahiri susqunlu\u011fa baxmayaraq etdiyi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rd\u0259n naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131r. \u018fslind\u0259 bununla da S\u0259rb\u0259st C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Firq\u0259sinin taleyi h\u0259ll olundu, Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn ikipartiyal\u0131 sistem\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi \u0259minliyi yox \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Amma SCF-nin \u00f6mr\u00fc h\u0259l\u0259 iki aya q\u0259d\u0259r davam etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Oktyabrda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259 se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 SCF 502 b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259nin 107-d\u0259 i\u015ftirak edir v\u0259 31-d\u0259 (b\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6r\u0259, 41-d\u0259) q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 qazan\u0131r. Bunlardan ikisi – Samsun v\u0259 Silifk\u0259 – \u015f\u0259h\u0259r b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259ri idi. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6r\u0259 SCF-nin q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si daha b\u00f6y\u00fck idi, amma saxtakarl\u0131qlara yol verildi. Se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40 g\u00fcn sonra, noyabr\u0131n 17-d\u0259 is\u0259 Ali Fethi Okyar Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn d\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 pariyan\u0131 qapatd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elan etdi. Bununla da T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u00e7oxpartiyal\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ke\u00e7id istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 ikinci c\u0259hd d\u0259 u\u011fursuz oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n 1930-cu ill\u0259r d\u00fcnyada demokratiyan\u0131n geril\u0259m\u0259si ill\u0259ri oldu. Avropan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 totalitar v\u0259 s\u0259rt avtoritar rejiml\u0259r b\u0259rq\u0259rar oldu. Bu proses T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sirsiz \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u0259di. Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fan\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin diktatura imici daha narahat etm\u0259di. Onun 1938-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra prezident olan \u0130sm\u0259t \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc is\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t Xalq Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n (1935-ci ild\u0259 "Firq\u0259" s\u00f6z\u00fc "Partiya" il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olundu) d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z ba\u015fqan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi v\u0259 "Milli \u015fef" \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u018fn \u00e7ox rezonans do\u011furan is\u0259 partiya proqram\u0131ndak\u0131 “F\u0131rka, efkar ve itikadat-\u0131 diniyyeye h\u00fcrmetkard\u0131r” (pariya dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 etiqadlara h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131r) ifad\u0259si idi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":119327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-200807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-xeberler","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n