\n (birinci hiss\u0259)\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u00f6nc\u0259si h\u0259m Almaniya, h\u0259m \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 Fransa, h\u0259m d\u0259 SSR\u0130 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin n\u0259h\u0259ng strateji \u00f6n\u0259mini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq \u00f6z t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti is\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin h\u0259rbi v\u0259 iqtisadi z\u0259ifliyini yax\u015f\u0131 bildiyind\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k ist\u0259mir, t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin t\u0259klifl\u0259rind\u0259n \u00f6z m\u0259nafeyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1938-ci ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 ordusu 174 min \u0259sg\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 20 min komandir hey\u0259tind\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. Ordunun h\u0259tta at\u0131c\u0131 silahlar\u0131 bel\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab vermirdi v\u0259 XIX \u0259srin son r\u00fcb\u00fcnd\u0259 burax\u0131lan modell\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r ingilisl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k 150 min \u0259d\u0259d m\u00fcasir at\u0131c\u0131 silah almaq ist\u0259dikl\u0259rini bildirirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 zirehli texnikan\u0131n, artilleriyan\u0131n hal\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tin deyil.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259rbi hava q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 370 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif tipli t\u0259yyar\u0259 vard\u0131. Bu t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259rin yaln\u0131z bir hiss\u0259sini az-\u00e7ox m\u00fcasir hesab etm\u0259k olard\u0131. \u015e\u0259xsi hey\u0259ti 8 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan HHQ-d\u0259 c\u0259mi 450 pilot vard\u0131. Onlar\u0131n da u\u00e7u\u015f t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si \u00e7atm\u0131rd\u0131. Almaniya H\u0259rbi Hava Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 373 min n\u0259f\u0259r xidm\u0259t edirdi, sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131qdan sonra is\u0259 onlar\u0131n say\u0131 880 min\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259rbi donanma is\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259n z\u0259if yeri idi. Flaqman g\u0259misi Birinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259fsan\u0259vi "Yavuz" (G\u00f6ben) g\u0259misi idi ki, o da xeyli k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Dig\u0259r azsayl\u0131 g\u0259mil\u0259rd\u0259n is\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa bel\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259zdi. Donanmada c\u0259mi 4800 n\u0259f\u0259r xidm\u0259t edirdi. M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259k ki, Almaniya donanmas\u0131 1941-ci ild\u0259 404 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018fn \u0259sas gerilik is\u0259 ondan ibar\u0259t idi ki, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin h\u0259rbi s\u0259nayesi dem\u0259k olar ki, yox idi v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 tamamil\u0259 idxaldan as\u0131l\u0131 idi. \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n \u0259sas \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259r birind\u0259 istehsal olunan tanklar\u0131n v\u0259 dig\u0259r zirehli texnikan\u0131n, t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259rin, artilleriya qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n, avtomobill\u0259rin say\u0131 onminl\u0259rl\u0259, at\u0131c\u0131 silahlar\u0131n say\u0131 is\u0259 y\u00fczminl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259tta milyonlarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259kc\u0259 SSR\u0130-d\u0259 6 milyon \u0259d\u0259d PP\u015e modelli avtomat silah istehsal olunmu\u015fdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 iqt\u0131dar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n bu q\u0259d\u0259r k\u0259skin geriliyi he\u00e7 olmasa azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n add\u0131mlar at\u0131rd\u0131. 1938-ci ild\u0259 hava h\u00fccumundan m\u00fcdafi\u0259y\u0259 7 milyon, zirehli texnikan\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na is\u0259 5 milyon funt sterlinq v\u0259sait ayr\u0131ld\u0131. May ay\u0131nda ingilisl\u0259rd\u0259n h\u0259rbi x\u0259rcl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 6 milyon funt kredit al\u0131nd\u0131. Ancaq C\u0259lal Bayar\u0131n Ba\u015f nazir oldu\u011fu h\u00f6kum\u0259t 21 milyon funtluq kredit\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn 1938-ci ilin noyabr\u0131nda v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra prezident se\u00e7il\u0259n \u0130sm\u0259t \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ingilis v\u0259 frans\u0131zlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131qda maraql\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan "Hatay sorunu"nun h\u0259llind\u0259 istifad\u0259 etdi. Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259run sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan, Suriyan\u0131n da iddia etdiyi Hatay s\u00fclh d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn son aylar\u0131nda, 1939-cu il iyunun 29-da dinc yolla T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Almaniya is\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u0259sas ticar\u0259t partnyoru idi. \u018fg\u0259r 1932-ci ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 ixrac\u0131n\u0131n 13,5%-i, idxal\u0131n\u0131n is\u0259 23,3%-i Almaniyan\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fcs\u0259, 1938-ci ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 44% v\u0259 46% idi. Almaniyan\u0131n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mallar aras\u0131nda strateji xammal olan xrom x\u00fcsusi yer tuturdu. Paslanmayan polad\u0131n vacib komponenti olan xrom h\u0259rbi texnikan\u0131n istehsal\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edilirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 SSR\u0130 d\u0259 passiv qalm\u0131rd\u0131. Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kreditl\u0259 1935-ci ild\u0259 Kayserid\u0259, 1937-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 Nazillid\u0259 tekstil fabrikl\u0259ri tikildi. 1939-cu ilin aprelind\u0259 SSR\u0130 xarici i\u015fl\u0259r nazirinin birinci m\u00fcavini Vladimir Potyomkinin Ankaraya s\u0259f\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 yard\u0131m bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin imzalanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Amma tezlikl\u0259 ba\u015f tutan sovet-alman yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri soyuqla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131. R\u0259smi Ankara sovet-alman yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n gizli \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259n birinin Bosfor v\u0259 Dardanell bo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131n SSR\u0130-nin n\u0259zar\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si ola bil\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259n narahat idi. Sentyabr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Moskvaya s\u0259f\u0259r ed\u0259n, Stalin v\u0259 Molotovla da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259n xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Saraco\u011flu geriy\u0259 \u0259libo\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n Moskva qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 yard\u0131m haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcqavil\u0259ni Almaniya il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaqla imzalama\u011fa raz\u0131 idi. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r Almaniya T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259rdis\u0259, SSR\u0130 yard\u0131m etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdi. Bu is\u0259 Ankaran\u0131 qane etmirdi. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r zat\u0259n iki \u00f6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259ndi\u015f\u0259 ke\u00e7irirdil\u0259r: Almaniyan\u0131n v\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n 1939-cu ilin yay\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdi. Avqustun 23-d\u0259 imzalanan "H\u00fccum etm\u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131nda" m\u00fcqavil\u0259 il\u0259 Almaniya v\u0259 SSR\u0130 dost d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrildil\u0259r. Sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 is\u0259 Almaniyan\u0131n Pol\u015faya h\u00fccumu il\u0259 \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcharib\u0259nin ilk d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 birm\u0259nal\u0131 sur\u0259td\u0259 ingilis-frans\u0131z m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rinin yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Sentyabr ay\u0131nda B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 25 milyon funt m\u0259bl\u0259\u011find\u0259 h\u0259rbi kredit a\u00e7ma\u011fa raz\u0131l\u0131q verdi. Oktyabr\u0131n 19-da Ankarada imzalanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259 il\u0259 ingilis-frans\u0131z-t\u00fcrk h\u0259rbi ittifaq\u0131 yarand\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcqavil\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u0259 u\u011frayacaqd\u0131sa, m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r onu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259lb olunard\u0131larsa, dig\u0259rl\u0259ri ona k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259li idil\u0259r. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r Rum\u0131niya v\u0259 Yunan\u0131stana verdikl\u0259ri t\u0259minatdan dolay\u0131 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 Fransa Balkanlarda sava\u015fa gir\u0259rdil\u0259rs\u0259, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcqavil\u0259nin x\u00fcsusi protokolunda qeyd olunurdu ki, bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131nda \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r T\u00fcrkiy\u0259ni SSR\u0130-y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259rbi konflikt\u0259 ba\u015flama\u011fa m\u0259cbur ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z. \u00c7\u00fcnki T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 SSR\u0130 aras\u0131nda 1925-ci ild\u0259 "Dostluq v\u0259 bit\u0259r\u0259flik haqq\u0131nda" m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 v\u0259 onun m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 1935-ci ild\u0259 10 il uzad\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Amma ingilis-frans\u0131z-t\u00fcrk ittifaq\u0131 reall\u0131qda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259di. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6hd\u0259lik do\u011furan v\u0259ziyy\u0259t 1940-c\u0131 il iyunun 10-da, \u0130taliyan\u0131n Fransaya sava\u015fa elan etm\u0259sil\u0259 yarand\u0131. Bununla Fransa Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara c\u0259lb olundu v\u0259 Ankara m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 onun t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Amma iyunun 10-da frans\u0131zlar\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti art\u0131q f\u0259lak\u0259tli idi. Bir ay \u00f6nc\u0259 ba\u015flayan alman h\u00fccumu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 onlar sars\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 u\u011frad\u0131lar. V\u0259ziyy\u0259t o q\u0259d\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r idi ki, ingilisl\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn texnikalar\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fcnkerk liman\u0131nda ataraq yaln\u0131z canl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini iyunun 4-d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259xliyy\u0259 etdil\u0259r. \u0130yunun 14-d\u0259 almanlar Parisi tutdular, s\u0259kkiz g\u00fcn sonra is\u0259 Fransa t\u0259slim oldu. Bel\u0259 bir vaxtda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin sava\u015fa qo\u015fulmas\u0131 intihar akt\u0131 olard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Fransan\u0131n m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tind\u0259n sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 qit\u0259d\u0259ki yeni status-kvonu, y\u0259ni almanlar\u0131n hegemon q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almal\u0131 olur. Almaniyan\u0131n m\u00fctt\u0259fiqi \u0130taliya 1940-c\u0131 ilin oktyabr\u0131nda Yunan\u0131stana qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u0259 ba\u015flayanda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 yen\u0259 bit\u0259r\u0259f qalma\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya Balkanlarda Yunan\u0131stan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 Yuqoslaviyadan ibar\u0259t blokun formala\u015fmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 1941-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda Ankarada t\u00fcrkl\u0259rl\u0259 ingilisl\u0259r aras\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar apar\u0131ld\u0131. Ancaq t\u00fcrkl\u0259r haz\u0131r olmad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k sava\u015fa qo\u015fulmaqdan imtina etdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259min il mart\u0131n 25-d\u0259 t\u00fcrk v\u0259 sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda b\u0259yanat m\u00fcbadil\u0259si ba\u015f verdi. Bildirilirdi ki, t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6vl\u0259tin t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259razisinin m\u00fcdafi\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulma\u011fa m\u0259cbur oldu\u011fu zaman aralar\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olan h\u00fccum etm\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fin bit\u0259r\u0259fliyin\u0259 bel ba\u011flaya bil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Almaniya da T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u00f6n\u0259m verirdi. Alman siyasi istebli\u015fmentinin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fczvl\u0259rind\u0259n Frants fon Papenin 1939-cu ild\u0259n Ankarada s\u0259fir i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si buna s\u00fcbutdur. 1941-ci il iyunun 18-d\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 Almaniya aras\u0131nda h\u00fccum etm\u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzaland\u0131. D\u00f6rd g\u00fcn sonra sovet-alman m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flad\u0131qda Ankara bit\u0259r\u0259f qalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259yan etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmasa da \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcdafi\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini art\u0131rmaq zorunda idi. 1940-c\u0131 ilin yanvar\u0131nda "Milli Koruma Kanunu" q\u0259bul edildi. Bu qanuna g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 sabit qiym\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259k, m\u0259hsullar\u0131 icbari sat\u0131n almaq, \u0259halini m\u0259cburi i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k v\u0259 dig\u0259r s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259r verildi. Noyabrda \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas\u0259n Avropa hiss\u0259sind\u0259ki 6 vilay\u0259tind\u0259 (\u0130stanbul, \u018fdirn\u0259, Tekirda\u011f, K\u0131rklareli, \u00c7anaqqala, Kocaeli) h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t olundu.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6vrl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 ordunun say\u0131 be\u015f d\u0259f\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131laraq 1 milyon n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131dr\u0131ld\u0131. Bu da iqtisadiyyata t\u0259sirsiz \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u0259di. \u00c7\u00fcnki orduya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lanlar iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n f\u0259al insanlar, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r idi (1939-cu ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259halisinin 75,6% k\u0259ndd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131). \u00dcst\u0259lik, k\u0259ndlil\u0259r tez-tez m\u00fcxt\u0259lif i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 c\u0259lb olunurdular.\n<\/p>\n
\n N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, \u0259kin sah\u0259l\u0259ri azald\u0131. 1940-c\u0131 ild\u0259 8,2 milyon hektar torpaq \u0259kilirdis\u0259, 1945-ci ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 6,9 milyona d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. T\u0259biidir ki, m\u0259hsul da azald\u0131. 1945-ci ild\u0259 toplanan \u0259kin\u00e7ilik m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n miqdar\u0131 1938-ci ill\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 3 milyon ton az idi. Xarici ticar\u0259t ciddi z\u0259r\u0259r g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Sava\u015f ill\u0259rind\u0259 idxalat 1 milyon ton, ixracat is\u0259 1,8 milyon ton azald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1940-1941-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259nin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259d \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan \u0259cn\u0259bil\u0259rin say\u0131 artd\u0131. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 1 milyonluq ordunu saxlamaq z\u0259rur\u0259tind\u0259n 1942-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k karto\u00e7kalar\u0131 t\u0259tbiq edildi. H\u00f6kum\u0259t k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin yeti\u015fdirdiyi m\u0259hsulun 35%-ni \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259yin etdiyi qiym\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 icbari qaydada sat\u0131n al\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00f6vcud \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 qara bazar t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapd\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259ndi. Burada qiym\u0259tl\u0259r h\u00f6kum\u0259tin elan etdikl\u0259rind\u0259n xeyli y\u00fcks\u0259k idi. \u0130nflyasiya t\u00fcrk lir\u0259sini d\u0259y\u0259rd\u0259n sal\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015fdan \u00f6nc\u0259 qiym\u0259ti 10,78 lir\u0259 olan C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t alt\u0131n\u0131 1942-ci ild\u0259 32 lir\u0259y\u0259 idi. Re\u015fat alt\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 h\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 11,30 lir\u0259d\u0259n 33,23 lir\u0259y\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259ldi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1942-ci ilin iyulundan \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Saraco\u011flunun art\u0131q Ba\u015f nazir oldu\u011fu h\u00f6kum\u0259tin t\u0259klifil\u0259 parlament noyabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 "Varl\u0131q vergisi" deyil\u0259n qanun q\u0259bul etdi. Bu qanun T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid hadis\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259n \u00e7ox dart\u0131\u015f\u0131lanlardand\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qanun d\u00f6vl\u0259tin f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq z\u0259ngin adamlardan bird\u0259f\u0259lik vergi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Verginin miqdar\u0131 qanunla t\u0259nziml\u0259nmirdi, buna "Takdir komisyonlar\u0131" q\u0259rar ver\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n verdiyi q\u0259rardan he\u00e7 bir yer\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t etm\u0259k olmazd\u0131, k\u0259sil\u0259n vergi 30 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Varl\u0131q vergisi haqq\u0131nda qanunun m\u0259tnind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmasa da, t\u0259tbiqi zaman\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n qeyri-m\u00fcs\u0259lman azl\u0131qlara qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259ldi. Zat\u0259n Ba\u015f nazir bunu parlamentd\u0259 CHP-nin qapal\u0131 qrup toplant\u0131s\u0131nda etiraf edirdi: " Bu qanun eyni zamanda bir devrim qanunudur. Biz\u0259 iqtisadi m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyimizi qazand\u0131racaq bir f\u00fcrs\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131q. Bazar\u0131m\u0131za hakim olan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 bel\u0259c\u0259 ortadan qald\u0131raraq, t\u00fcrk bazar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0259lin\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259yik". Bel\u0259 m\u00f6vqe, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, konstitusiyan\u0131n laiklik v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n b\u0259rab\u0259rliyi bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131na zidd idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qeyri-m\u00fcs\u0259lman azl\u0131qlardan b\u0259zil\u0259ri vergini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ev \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259tta evl\u0259rini sat\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130ntihar hallar\u0131na bel\u0259 rast g\u0259linirdi. Vergini \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r fiziki i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 c\u0259lb olunurdular. 1229 n\u0259f\u0259r \u018frzrumun A\u015fkale il\u00e7\u0259sin\u0259 qar t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildil\u0259r. Avqust ay\u0131nda onlardan 900 n\u0259f\u0259r Eski\u015fehirin Sivrihisar il\u00e7\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildil\u0259r. Bu adamlardan \u00fcmum\u0259n 21 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qanunun t\u0259tbiqi B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n v\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n ciddi t\u0259nqidin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. \u201cNyu York Tayms\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 bu haqda k\u0259skin m\u0259qal\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bundan sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti ilkin olaraq, t\u0259yin edil\u0259n, amma h\u0259l\u0259 al\u0131nmayan vergil\u0259ri sildi. 1943-c\u00fc ilin dekabr\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcnd\u0259kil\u0259r geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 prezident \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u0259 Qahir\u0259d\u0259 Ruzvelt v\u0259 \u00c7\u00f6r\u00e7ill\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. 1944-c\u00fc ilin mart\u0131nda is\u0259 Varl\u0131q vergisi l\u0259\u011fv olundu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Varl\u0131q vergisi say\u0259sind\u0259 314 milyon lir\u0259 h\u0259cmind\u0259 v\u0259sait topland\u0131, bunun da 280 milyonunu (89%) qeyri-m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar \u00f6d\u0259dil\u0259r. Halbuki \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin he\u00e7 2%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil etmirdil\u0259r. Toplanan v\u0259sait T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin 1942-ci ild\u0259ki b\u00fcdc\u0259sinin 80% q\u0259d\u0259r idi v\u0259 indiki kursla hesablasaq, 4 milyard dollara b\u0259rab\u0259r olar.\n<\/p>\n
\n Varl\u0131q vergisinin qeyri-m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara ya\u015fatd\u0131qlar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 1990-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 siyas\u0259t\u00e7i Y\u0131lmaz Karakoyunlu "Salk\u0131m han\u0131m\u0131n taneleri" adl\u0131 roman yazd\u0131. 1999-cu ild\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n eyni adl\u0131 film T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin mill\u0259t\u00e7i k\u0259siminin etirazlar\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131land\u0131 v\u0259 yenid\u0259n Varl\u0131q vergisi \u0259traf\u0131nda m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n 2012-ci ild\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n qanunun q\u0259bulunun 70 illiyi m\u00fcnasib\u0259til\u0259 Milliy\u0259t q\u0259zetin\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qlama ver\u0259n \u015eabat Levi adl\u0131 y\u0259hudi ail\u0259sinin \u00fc\u00e7 n\u0259sil \u0259rzind\u0259 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varidat\u0131n \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259di. Bununla bel\u0259, o, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259di: "\u018fg\u0259r \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc bizi Hitler\u0259 vers\u0259ydi, sabun olacaqd\u0131q. Pulla h\u0259yat \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259z. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc say\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yatda qald\u0131q v\u0259 bunu unutmad\u0131m".\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ill\u0259rind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 maraql\u0131 m\u00f6vzulardan biri d\u0259 y\u0259hudi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tdir. M\u0259qal\u0259min ikinci hiss\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 bu m\u00f6vzunu i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131raca\u011fam.\n<\/p>\n
\n (ard\u0131 var)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u00f6nc\u0259si h\u0259m Almaniya, h\u0259m \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 Fransa, h\u0259m d\u0259 SSR\u0130 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin n\u0259h\u0259ng strateji \u00f6n\u0259mini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq \u00f6z t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":119327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-196884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n