\n
\n \u0130slahatlardan \u0259vv\u0259l \u0130spaniya h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n xeyli geri qal\u0131rd\u0131
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n
\n Bundan \u00f6nc\u0259ki m\u0259qal\u0259mizd\u0259 Fransisko Frankonu \u0130spaniyada hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 aparan hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hs etmi\u015fdik. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 Frankonun 36 illik hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130spaniyada ged\u0259n prosesl\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131q.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n 1939-cu il aprelin 1-d\u0259 \u0130spaniyada v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si bitdi. Hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259n Franko Almaniya v\u0259 \u0130taliyadak\u0131 fa\u015fist rejimin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259n rejim qurur. Falanqa f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 icaz\u0259 veril\u0259n yegan\u0259 partiya oldu, Franko da onun r\u0259hb\u0259ri (t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n banisi Xose Antonio Primo de Rivera v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin ilk aylar\u0131nda respublika\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdi).\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259rhal sonra respublika\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 repressiyalara ba\u015flad\u0131. 1939-1945-ci ill\u0259r Franko repressiyalar\u0131n\u0131n pik d\u00f6vr\u00fc – A\u011f terror d\u00f6vr\u00fc hesab olunur. Bu repressiyalar nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha m\u00fclayim \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 olsa da, kaudilyonun hakimiyy\u0259tinin sonlar\u0131na kimi davam etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko repressiyalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259qiq say\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 ispan v\u0259 qeyri-ispan tarix\u00e7il\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r bug\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. Son zamanlar \u0259n az\u0131 140 min insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc qeyd olunur. Daha b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 var. Meyidl\u0259ri tap\u0131lmayan v\u0259 ya identifikasiya olunmayan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0130spaniyan\u0131n Kambocadan sonra d\u00fcnyada ikinci yer tutdu\u011fu s\u00f6yl\u0259nilir.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn respublika\u00e7\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ril\u0259 tan\u0131nan \u018fnd\u0259l\u00fcs (Andalusiya) vilay\u0259tind\u0259 54 min insan\u0131n q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirildiyi t\u0259xmin edilir. Bu da "kirli m\u00fcharib\u0259" ill\u0259rind\u0259 Argentina, \u00c7ili, Peru v\u0259 Qvatemalada q\u0259tl\u0259 yetiril\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi say\u0131ndan \u00e7oxdur.\n<\/p>\n
\n Y\u00fczminl\u0259rl\u0259 insan is\u0259 zindanlardan ke\u00e7di. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si bit\u0259nd\u0259 m\u0259hbuslar\u0131n say\u0131 270 mini \u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. H\u0259bsxanalar bu q\u0259d\u0259r insan\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan onlar \u00e7ox pis \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. X\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r, z\u0259if qidalanma, i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r minl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Bu bax\u0131mdan \u0259n pis il – 15 min m\u0259hbusun h\u0259lak oldu\u011fu 1941-ci il say\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Respublika\u00e7\u0131 m\u0259hbuslardan biri yaz\u0131rd\u0131: "\u0130ki n\u0259f\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan kamerada saxlan\u0131lalar\u0131n say\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259n 40 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0259nardan yem\u0259k g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 icaz\u0259 yox idi, kalsium sodadan haz\u0131rlanan v\u0259 bizi daim dizentiriya hal\u0131nda saxlayan \u015forba verirdil\u0259r. Ham\u0131m\u0131z ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 idik. \u0130nsanlar oksigen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bo\u011fulurdular".\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fct\u0259madi yenil\u0259n\u0259n siyasi m\u0259hbus kontingentind\u0259n qul kimi \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 – su b\u0259ndl\u0259rinin v\u0259 k\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u0259rin tikintisind\u0259, yol v\u0259 su kanallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunurdu. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259lak olanlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 \u015e\u0259hidl\u0259r vadisi abid\u0259sinin 19 il davam ed\u0259n tikintisind\u0259 onminl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259hbus \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bunun m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 onlar c\u0259zalar\u0131n\u0131n 1\/3 hiss\u0259sinin azalmas\u0131na \u00fcmid ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko\u00e7ular q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259d\u0259n sonra respublika\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 t\u0259hqiramiz davrand\u0131lar: Onlar seksual t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131lar, ba\u015flar\u0131 q\u0131rx\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7\u0131lpaq halda k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 g\u0259zdirildil\u0259r. Qad\u0131nlara zor\u0259n g\u0259n\u0259g\u0259r\u00e7\u0259k ya\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7irdilirdi: n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 onlar ishal olur v\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rini bat\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu \u00fcsulu franko\u00e7ular \u0130taliya fa\u015fistl\u0259rind\u0259n m\u0259nims\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Minl\u0259rl\u0259 respublika\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131n edam olundu, onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda "13 q\u0131z\u0131lg\u00fcl" ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan g\u0259nz q\u0131zlar da vard\u0131. H\u0259m\u00e7inin hamil\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n da edam\u0131na rast g\u0259linirdi. Hakiml\u0259rd\u0259n biri q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 "biz edam etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 7 ay g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259rik" s\u00f6zl\u0259ril\u0259 \u0259sasland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259bs\u0259 at\u0131lan respublika\u00e7\u0131 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n u\u015faqlar\u0131 rejim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, ad v\u0259 soyadlar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k siyasi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n daha etibarl\u0131 ail\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 verilirdi. 30 min u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n bel\u0259 tale ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia olunur. Franko\u00e7ular\u0131n bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sini 1976-1983-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Argentinadak\u0131 h\u0259rbi diktatura t\u0259krar etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Respublika\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n evl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259mlak\u0131 m\u00fcsadir\u0259 olundu\u011fundan h\u0259bsd\u0259n sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131xan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n fahi\u015f\u0259likd\u0259n ba\u015fqa dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q yolu qalm\u0131rd\u0131. Bu da rejim t\u0259bli\u011fat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fin\u0259 yaray\u0131r, "q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qad\u0131nlar"\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259viyyats\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259td\u0259n sonra Fransaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan onminl\u0259rl\u0259 respublika\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n da taleyi \u00fcr\u0259ka\u00e7an olmad\u0131. 1940-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Almaniya i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan sonra onlardan daha tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0130spaniya t\u0259hvil verildil\u0259r v\u0259 burada g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ndil\u0259r. 15 min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ispan is\u0259 nasist h\u0259bs d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6n\u0259rildil\u0259r. Onlardan yaln\u0131z 2 mininin sa\u011f qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcman olunur. Daha 15 minin is\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif tikinti i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 Atlantik okean\u0131 sahill\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 s\u0259ddinin tikilm\u0259sin\u0259 c\u0259lb olundu\u011fu ehtimal edilir. H\u0259bsl\u0259rd\u0259n yay\u0131nanlar is\u0259 Fransa M\u00fcqavim\u0259t h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131na qo\u015fuldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131nda xeyli t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri apar\u0131ld\u0131. X\u00fcsus\u0259n universitet v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rinin 1\/4 hiss\u0259si respublikaya r\u0259\u011fb\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u0130\u015f\u0259 q\u0259bul zaman\u0131 is\u0259 Franko t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilirdi: bu i\u015fd\u0259 Falanqan\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yeri \u00fczr\u0259 m\u0259murlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 ke\u015fi\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n aray\u0131\u015f yard\u0131m\u00e7\u0131 olurdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, frankizm \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fctun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 dururdu: ordu, Falanqa v\u0259 katolik kils\u0259si. Rejimin ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 nazirl\u0259rin \u0259n az\u0131 40%-ni zabitl\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn fa\u015fizml\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259rliyini azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Falanqan\u0131n rolu m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n "Roma salam\u0131" l\u0259\u011fv edildi. Katolik kils\u0259si is\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t Franko rejiminin birm\u0259nal\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259k\u00e7isi oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Respublika h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin katalanlar v\u0259 basklara verdiyi muxtariyy\u0259t Franko t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n l\u0259\u011fv edildi. H\u0259m\u00e7inin katalan, bask, qalisiya dill\u0259ri qada\u011fan edildi, baxmayaraq ki, Franko \u00f6z\u00fc qalisiyal\u0131 idi. Yaln\u0131z Kastiliya ispancas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259smi statusu tan\u0131nd\u0131. Rejimin ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 bu qada\u011falar x\u00fcsus\u0259n s\u0259rt idi, sonuna yax\u0131n xeyli yum\u015fald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259rt senzura t\u0259tbiq olundu: yaln\u0131z frankizmi t\u0259bli\u011f ed\u0259n v\u0259 bir d\u0259 qeyri-siyasi m\u0259zmunlu q\u0259zetl\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259rdi. \u018fd\u0259biyyat, mahn\u0131lar, r\u0259qsl\u0259r, teatr tama\u015falar\u0131 v\u0259 filml\u0259r sensuraya m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rd\u0131lar. Sonuncu iki sah\u0259 siyasi senzuradan \u0259lav\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 dini senzuradan ke\u00e7m\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Geyiml\u0259r bel\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda idi, \u0259xlaq qaydalar\u0131na zidd olmamal\u0131 idi. 1968-ci ild\u0259 Avroviziya mahn\u0131 m\u00fcsabiq\u0259sinin qalibi olan Massielin dizd\u0259n bir q\u0259d\u0259r yuxar\u0131 don geyinm\u0259si \u0130spaniya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f hadis\u0259 idi. S\u00f6z d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fk\u0259n, 2008-ci ild\u0259 \u0130spaniyada g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n bir s\u0259n\u0259dli filmd\u0259 iddia olunurdu ki, h\u0259min q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 rejimin n\u00fcfuzunu qald\u0131rmaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc Franko t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 se\u00e7kil\u0259r l\u0259\u011fv olunmu\u015fdu. Suverenliyin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 xalq deyil, qalib h\u00fcququ il\u0259 kaudilyo Franko idi. 1942-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul olunan qanunla parlamentin (kortesl\u0259r) f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti b\u0259rpa olunsa da, onun \u00fczvl\u0259ri se\u00e7ki il\u0259 deyil, t\u0259yinatla se\u00e7ilirdil\u0259r. Kaudilyo \u00f6z\u00fc 50 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsi "x\u00fcsusi xidm\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259" kortes \u00fczv\u00fc t\u0259yin ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdi. Etimad\u0131 do\u011frultmayan \u00fczv\u00fc geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaq da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 191 \u00fczv tutdu\u011fu v\u0259zif\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 avtomatik olaraq parlament\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Buraya 18 h\u00f6kum\u0259t \u00fczv\u00fc, Falanqan\u0131n milli \u015furas\u0131n\u0131n 103 \u00fczv\u00fc, 12 uniersitet rektorlar\u0131, 50 vilay\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rinin v\u0259 Seuta, Melilya \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri. \u018flli vilay\u0259tin hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259si ikisini olmaqla 100 \u00fczv\u00fc t\u0259yin edirdil\u0259r. Ba\u015fqa strukturlardan da \u00fczvl\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259rilirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 parlamentin s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri xeyli az idi. Nazirl\u0259r onun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131rd\u0131lar, onlar\u0131 Franko \u00f6z q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259yin edirdi. H\u0259tta qanunvericilik t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131rf h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259xsus idi. Parlamentin komissiyalar\u0131 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni g\u00fcnd\u0259liy\u0259 salmaq ist\u0259yirdil\u0259rs\u0259, h\u00f6kum\u0259tin raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almal\u0131 idil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130spaniyada v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin bitm\u0259sind\u0259n d\u00fcz 5 ay sonra, 1939-cu ilin sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flad\u0131. Hitler v\u0259 Mussolini v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si zaman\u0131 Frankoya g\u00f6st\u0259rdikl\u0259ri xidm\u0259tin m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 onu da \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rini umurdular. Lakin Franko bel\u0259 bir add\u0131m atma\u011fa t\u0259l\u0259smir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Hitler h\u0259rbi k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u0131n (Abver) r\u0259isi, admiral Kanarisi Madrid\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rir. O, Frankonu \u0130spaniyadan c\u0259nubda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 olduqca strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olan Britaniya \u0259razisi C\u0259b\u0259ll\u00fctariqin i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na s\u00f6vq etm\u0259li idi. Lakin Hitler\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 gizli m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin s\u0131ralar\u0131nda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n Kanaris deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259ksini edir. Admiral kaudilyoya bildirir ki, Hitlerin m\u00fcharib\u0259ni uduzaca\u011f\u0131 lab\u00fcdd\u00fcr v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara qo\u015fulmama\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcharib\u0259nin ilk d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130spaniyan\u0131n xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri ingilisp\u0259r\u0259st Xuan Luis Beqbeder idi. Lakin almanlar\u0131n ard\u0131c\u0131l q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri fonunda Franko onu \u00f6z almanp\u0259r\u0259st bacana\u011f\u0131 Ramon Serrano Sunyer il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z etdi. Bu t\u0259yinatdan bir h\u0259ft\u0259 sonra, 1940-c\u0131 il oktyabr\u0131n 23-d\u0259 is\u0259 Fransan\u0131n almanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal olunmu\u015f Anday (fr. Hendaye) \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 f\u00fcrer v\u0259 kaudilyonun ilk v\u0259 son g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ba\u015f tutdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0259sas m\u00f6vzusu \u0130spaniyan\u0131n "Ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri" (Almaniya, \u0130taliya, Yaponiya) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131 idi. Franko bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Almaniyadan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli h\u0259rbi v\u0259 \u0259rzaq yard\u0131m\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 bit\u0259nd\u0259n sonra Afrikada bir s\u0131ra \u0259razil\u0259rin – Fransaya m\u0259xsus olan Qvineya, Kamerunun v\u0259 Fransa M\u0259rake\u015finin – \u0130spaniya birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini ist\u0259yirdi. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, Fransan\u0131n c\u0259nubunda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n, \u015eimali Kataloniya (Russilyon) v\u0259 \u015eimali Bask \u00f6lk\u0259si d\u0259 \u0130spaniyaya verilm\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Hitler bu t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131. Doqquz saat davam ed\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259siz yekunla\u015fd\u0131. Bu haqda sonralar Mussoliniy\u0259 m\u0259lumat ver\u0259n Hitler Franko il\u0259 bir daha g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259ns\u0259, \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rd sa\u011flam di\u015finin \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259c\u0259yini yaz\u0131rd\u0131. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259r Frankonun bu t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259m\u0259si, yoxsa \u00f6z i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u0259mini \u00e7ox \u015fi\u015firtdiyi bar\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259 edirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1941-ci ilin iyununda Almaniya SSR\u0130-y\u0259 h\u00fccum etdikd\u0259n sonra Franko sovetl\u0259rin \u0130spaniyadak\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 respublika\u00e7\u0131lara k\u00f6m\u0259k etdiyini \u0259sas g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k ispan k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq c\u0259bh\u0259sin\u0259 yollanma\u011fa icaz\u0259 verdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130spanlardan ibar\u0259t olan v\u0259 tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131qda "Mavi divizya" kimi tan\u0131nan, 18693 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan diviziya Almaniyada 5 h\u0259ft\u0259lik t\u0259lim ke\u00e7dikd\u0259n sonra Leninqrad c\u0259bh\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirildi. \u0130ki il \u0259rzind\u0259 "Mavi diviziya"da 40 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox ispan\u0131n xidm\u0259t etdiyi g\u00fcman olunur. Onlardan 4957 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259lak oldu, 326 n\u0259f\u0259r itkin d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, 372 n\u0259f\u0259r is\u0259 \u0259sir al\u0131nd\u0131. Sonunculardan 286 n\u0259f\u0259r yaln\u0131z 1954-c\u00fc ild\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131td\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin gedi\u015find\u0259 yaranan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n v\u0259 Va\u015finqtonla Londonun ciddi t\u0259zyiql\u0259rind\u0259n sonra Franko 1943-c\u00fc ilin oktyabr\u0131nda "Mavi diviziya"n\u0131 geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin xeyli ispan alman h\u0259rbi birlikl\u0259rin\u0259 qo\u015fularaq SSR\u0130-y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fmaqda davam etdi. M\u00fcharib\u0259nin sonunda Berlind\u0259 7 min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ispan\u0131n almanlar t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc t\u0259xmin olunur.\n<\/p>\n
\n AB\u015e-\u0131n \u0130spaniyadak\u0131 s\u0259firi yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r Frankonun kabinetind\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 n\u0259f\u0259rin portreti var idi: Roma papas\u0131n\u0131n, Hitlerin v\u0259 Mussolinin. 1943-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n sonra is\u0259 iki \u015f\u0259kil yoxa \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131, yaln\u0131z papan\u0131n \u015f\u0259kli qald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Frankonun kommunistl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015fqa nifr\u0259t obyekti y\u0259hudil\u0259r v\u0259 masonlar idil\u0259r. Onun az qala b\u00fct\u00fcn nitql\u0259rind\u0259 \u00fcmumd\u00fcnya "cuhud-mason" q\u0259sdind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 bu q\u0259sd \u0130spaniyaya \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 kimi t\u0259qdim edilir. Bununla bel\u0259 \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130spaniya minl\u0259rl\u0259 y\u0259hudinin xilas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaratd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Fransan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan sonra yerli v\u0259 daha \u0259vv\u0259l Almaniyadan qa\u00e7an y\u0259hudil\u0259rin \u00f6n\u0259mli hiss\u0259si \u0130spaniya vasit\u0259sil\u0259 dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qa\u00e7a bildil\u0259r. Avropan\u0131n almanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal olunmu\u015f bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ispan diplomatlar y\u0259hudil\u0259r\u0259 \u0130spaniya v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131 olmalar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r verir v\u0259 bununla da onlar\u0131 xilas edirdil\u0259r. X\u00fcsus\u0259n Macar\u0131standa minl\u0259rl\u0259 y\u0259hudi bu yolla xilas edildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, bu m\u00f6vzuya alternativ bax\u0131\u015flar da m\u00f6vcuddur. B\u0259zi tarix\u00e7il\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, Franko daha \u00e7ox y\u0259hudini xilas ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdi. V\u0259 yaxud iddia olunur ki, Avropadak\u0131 y\u0259hudil\u0259rin xilas\u0131 daha \u00e7ox diplomatlar\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc idi, n\u0259inki kaudilyonun.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130spaniya il\u0259 Almaniyan\u0131n s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri 1944-c\u00fc ilin yay\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r davam etdi. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Fransan\u0131n amerikan-ingilis q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n azad edilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 iki \u00f6lk\u0259 aras\u0131nda yer\u00fcst\u00fc rabit\u0259 k\u0259sildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ictimail\u0259\u015f\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, m\u00fcharib\u0259 ill\u0259rind\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n ba\u015f naziri olan Uinston \u00c7\u00f6r\u00e7ill \u0130spaniyan\u0131n xarici siyas\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 olan admlar\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259tl\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f verib. Onlar Frankonu m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmaq fikrind\u0259n da\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmal\u0131 idil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259, h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck biznes maqnatlar\u0131na indiki kurs ekvivalentil\u0259 200 milyon dollar r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verilmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonrak\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ild\u0259 \u0130spaniya nasist canil\u0259rinin C\u0259nubi Amerikaya qa\u00e7mas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaradan \u0259sas "si\u00e7ovul c\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131" idi (dig\u0259ri \u0130taliyadan ke\u00e7irdi). Onlardan b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 el\u0259 \u0130spaniyada m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131. Bel\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda m\u0259\u015fhur diversant Otto Skortseni d\u0259 vard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin bitm\u0259sil\u0259 Franko diktaturas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tin d\u00f6vrl\u0259r ba\u015flad\u0131. Onun daha yax\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik oldu\u011fu AB\u015e prezidenti Ruzvelt 1945-ci ilin aprelind\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fc, iki ay sonra is\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n ba\u015f naziri \u00c7\u00f6r\u00e7ill se\u00e7kil\u0259ri uduzaraq hakimiyy\u0259ti itirdi. Onlar\u0131n yerin\u0259 kaudilyoya soyuq m\u00fcnasib\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259n Trumen v\u0259 Ettli g\u0259ldi. Sovet r\u0259hb\u0259ri Stalinin m\u00fcnasib\u0259tind\u0259n is\u0259 he\u00e7 dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa d\u0259ym\u0259zdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu \u00fc\u00e7 liderin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n Potsdam konfrans\u0131nda \u0130spaniyan\u0131n yeni yarad\u0131lan Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131na q\u0259bul edilm\u0259m\u0259si q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131. 1946-c\u0131 ilin mart\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 AB\u015e, B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya v\u0259 Fransan\u0131n birg\u0259 b\u0259yanat\u0131nda Franko rejiminin pisl\u0259nilir, ispan v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259rl\u0259rinin Frankonu dinc yolla devirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259r tapaca\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 demokratiyan\u0131 b\u0259rpa ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00fcmid ifad\u0259 edilirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n add\u0131mlar at\u0131r v\u0259 fa\u015fist d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ril\u0259 ox\u015farl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yuxar\u0131da dediyim kimi, Falanqan\u0131n rolu azald\u0131ld\u0131, Roma salam\u0131 qada\u011fan edildi. Buna baxmayaraq, beyn\u0259lxalq izolyasiya davam edir.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1946-c\u0131 il dekabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 is\u0259 BMT Ba\u015f Assambleyas\u0131nda \u0130spaniya m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin m\u00fczakir\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn qalm\u0131\u015f Madridd\u0259 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 "milli hidd\u0259t" n\u00fcmayi\u015fi t\u0259\u015fkil edildi. N\u00fcmayi\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n kaudilyo \u0130spaniyan\u0131n izolyasiyasn\u0131 masonlar\u0131n v\u0259 kommunistl\u0259rin boynuna y\u0131xd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n BMT is\u0259 Franko rejimini "m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yin\u0259, xarakterin\u0259, strukturuna v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259" fa\u015fist \u00fcsul-idar\u0259si kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. S\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 ispan xalq\u0131ndan mandat alm\u0131\u015f h\u00f6kum\u0259t formala\u015fmayana q\u0259d\u0259r bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin BMT-y\u0259 q\u0259bulunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fc vur\u011fulan\u0131r, \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 Madridd\u0259ki s\u0259firl\u0259rini geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaq t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edirdi. D\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti bu t\u00f6vsiy\u0259ni yerin\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n AB\u015e da \u00f6z s\u0259firini geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rsa da, diplomatik \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r formal olaraq qalmaqda idi. Prezident Trumenin Frankoya \u015f\u0259xsi antipatiya b\u0259sl\u0259yirdi v\u0259 Mar\u015fall plan\u0131 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n yard\u0131m\u0131n \u0130spaniyaya aid edilm\u0259sini r\u0259dd etdi. \u00d6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda ticari-iqtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r minimal h\u0259dd\u0259 endi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bel\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t Franko \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131n\u0131, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 sol\u00e7u m\u00fcxalif\u0259ti ruhland\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 partizan h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 yenid\u0259n ba\u015f qald\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin h\u00f6kum\u0259t q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri el\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259km\u0259d\u0259n bu h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 yat\u0131rtd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0130spaniya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6n\u0259mli bir hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verir. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin bitm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u00f6lk\u0259nin siyasi qurulu\u015fu qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qal\u0131rd\u0131. 1947-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n q\u0259rara g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0130spaniya monarxiya elan olundu. Franko is\u0259 bu krals\u0131z monarxiyan\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fck regenti idi. Qanunun 6-c\u0131 madd\u0259si ona ist\u0259diyi adam\u0131 "kral v\u0259 regent" t\u0259yin etm\u0259y\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin bel\u0259 t\u0259yinat\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv etm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t verirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00d6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 Frankonu devir\u0259c\u0259k q\u00fcvv\u0259nin olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 SSR\u0130 il\u0259 ba\u015flanan "soyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259" qar\u015f\u0131durmas\u0131 Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rini \u0130spaniya il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 yenid\u0259n baxma\u011fa vadar etdi. H\u0259tta Trumen d\u0259 sonda \u00f6z nazirl\u0259rinin v\u0259 m\u0259\u015fv\u0259r\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin t\u0259zyiqin\u0259 t\u0259slim oldu. 1950-ci ilin sonlar\u0131nda Madrid\u0259 yeni s\u0259fir g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi, \u0130spaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 kreditl\u0259r ayr\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin daha s\u0131x inki\u015faf\u0131 is\u0259 yaln\u0131z Trumenin A\u011f evi t\u0259rk etm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra, Eyzenhauerin prezidentliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ba\u015f verdi. 1953-c\u00fc ild\u0259 imzalanan Madrid pakt\u0131 Va\u015finqtonun \u0130spaniyaya h\u0259rbi v\u0259 iqtisadi yard\u0131m etm\u0259sini, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 sonuncunun \u0259razisind\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n h\u0259rbi-d\u0259niz (Rota) v\u0259 h\u0259rbi-hava (Saraqosa, Torrexon, Moron) bazalar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1955-ci ild\u0259 BMT-y\u0259 q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0130spaniyan\u0131n izolyasiyas\u0131 r\u0259sm\u0259n ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131. AB\u015e \u0130spaniyan\u0131 h\u0259tta NATO \u00fczv\u00fc kimi d\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi, lakin buna b\u0259zi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 ikit\u0259r\u0259fli m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verildi. Bu m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin kulminasiya n\u00f6qt\u0259si is\u0259 1959-cu ild\u0259 Eyzenhauerin \u0130spaniyaya r\u0259smi s\u0259f\u0259ri oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin birinci ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 Franko n\u0259h\u0259ng \u015e\u0259hidl\u0259r vadisi abid\u0259 kompleksinin tikilm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f vermi\u015fdi. Burada m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259lak olan Franko t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 d\u0259fn olunacaqd\u0131lar. Lakin \u0259sas\u0259n siyasi m\u0259hbuslar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259diyi tikinti 18 il \u00e7\u0259kdi v\u0259 bu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 h\u0259m \u0130spaniyada, h\u0259m d\u00fcnyada ba\u015f ver\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri hiss ed\u0259n kaudilyo ilkin fikrin\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015fl\u0259r etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131 ki, kompleksd\u0259 h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n h\u0259lak olanlar d\u0259fn edilsin. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 burada h\u0259m mill\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 respublika\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 h\u0259lak olan 33 872 n\u0259f\u0259rin c\u0259s\u0259di basd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u018fn g\u00f6rk\u0259mli yerd\u0259 – \u0259sas mehrabdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da is\u0259 Falanqan\u0131n banisi Xose Antonio Primo de Riveran\u0131n m\u0259zar\u0131 yerl\u0259\u015firdi. Abid\u0259 kompleksinin t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 1959-cu il aprelin 1-d\u0259 – v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin bitm\u0259sinin 20-ci ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 ba\u015f tutdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n "t\u0259k adam diktaturas\u0131"nda oldu\u011fu kimi \u0130spaniyada da Frankonun \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin\u0259 p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. R\u0259smi t\u0259bli\u011fat, k\u00fctl\u0259vi informasiya vasit\u0259l\u0259ri, d\u0259rslikl\u0259r onu mill\u0259t atas\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259nin xilaskar\u0131 kimi t\u0259qdim edirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 t\u0259qdim olunurdu ki, masonlar\u0131, kommunistl\u0259r, demokratlar, y\u0259hudil\u0259r v\u0259 dig\u0259r qruplar\u0131n yegan\u0259 amal\u0131 \u0130spaniyan\u0131, katolikliyi m\u0259hv etm\u0259kdir, onlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dura bil\u0259c\u0259k yegan\u0259 \u015f\u0259xs is\u0259 Frankodur.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00d6lk\u0259nin h\u0259r yerini Frankonun portretl\u0259ri v\u0259 abid\u0259l\u0259ri b\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 onun ad\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 vard\u0131. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, Madridin b\u00f6y\u00fck Paseo de la Kastellano prospektinin ad\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k Generalissimus Franko adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Q\u0131rx il\u0259 yax\u0131n d\u00f6vr \u0259rzind\u0259 ispanlara, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 Frankonun Yaradan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0130spaniyaya xilaskar olaraq g\u00f6nd\u0259rildiyi t\u0259lqin edilirdi. O da \u00f6lk\u0259ni xaosdan, ateizmd\u0259n, masonlardan, yoxsulluqdan xilas etmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko rejimi iqtisadi sah\u0259d\u0259 avtarkiya deyil\u0259n siyas\u0259t y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Avtarkiya xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ticar\u0259t d\u00f6vriyy\u0259sinin minimuma endir\u0259r\u0259k qapal\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259min ed\u0259n iqtisadi siyas\u0259t\u0259 deyilir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u0130spaniyan\u0131n onsuz da \u00fcr\u0259ka\u00e7an olmayan iqtisadi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti 1950-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru lap pisl\u0259\u015fdi. B\u0259zi tarix\u00e7il\u0259r 1957-1959-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259ki v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti "u\u00e7urumun astanas\u0131nda" kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko b\u00fct\u00fcn azadl\u0131qlar kimi iqtisadi azadl\u0131qlar\u0131n da d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni idi. H\u0259l\u0259 1939-cu ild\u0259 \u00e7ap edil\u0259n v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259rlik katexezisind\u0259 liberalizm, demokratiya, y\u0259hudil\u0259r, masonluq, marksizm v\u0259 separatizml\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 kapitalizm d\u0259 \u0130spaniyan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni elan olunmu\u015fdu. Lakin daxili m\u00fcxalif\u0259ti m\u0259hv ed\u0259n, xarici t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 davam g\u0259tirm\u0259yi bacarm\u0131\u015f Franko iqtisadiyyat qanunlar\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda aciz idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1959-cu ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u0130spaniyada Beyn\u0259lxalq Valyuta Fondunun t\u00f6vsiy\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda iqtisadi islahatlar ke\u00e7irilir. N\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olduqca tez g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra \u0130spaniya iqtisadi inki\u015faf s\u00fcr\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Yaponiyadan sonra d\u00fcnyada ikinci yer\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130spaniya iqtisadiyyat\u0131na xeyli xarici investisiya qoyuldu. \u00dcst\u0259lik daha inki\u015faf etmi\u015f Almaniya v\u0259 Fransaya i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ged\u0259n ispanlar 1960-1975-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259ki ail\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259rin\u0259 6 milyard dollar v\u0259sait g\u00f6nd\u0259rdil\u0259r v\u0259 bu da onlar\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q qabiliyy\u0259tini xeyli art\u0131rd\u0131. Turizm inki\u015faf edirdi. \u018fg\u0259r 1960-c\u0131 ild\u0259 turistl\u0259r \u0130spaniyada 6 milyon dollar x\u0259rcl\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259rs\u0259, 1973-c\u00fc ild\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 34 milyon dollara b\u0259rab\u0259r idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 orta sinif n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 art\u0131r. Avtomobil s\u0259nayesi s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf edir, 1958-1972-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 burada istehsal h\u0259r il orta hesabla 21,7% art\u0131r. \u0130taliyan\u0131n Fiat 600 avtomobili \u0259sas\u0131nda burax\u0131lan SEAT 600 avtomobili rifah g\u00f6st\u0259ricisin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. 1957-1973-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 bu avtomobild\u0259n 794 min \u0259d\u0259d burax\u0131l\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r 1946-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u0130spaniyada 72 min \u015f\u0259xsi avtomobil vard\u0131sa, 1966-c\u0131 ild\u0259 onlar\u0131n say\u0131 1 milyona \u00e7at\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130slahatlardan \u0259vv\u0259l \u0130spaniya h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n xeyli geri qal\u0131rd\u0131. 1974-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 adamba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n g\u0259lir Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00fczr\u0259 orta g\u0259lirin art\u0131q 79%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bununla bel\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u0130spaniyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn regionlar\u0131 eyni d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf etmirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u0259biidir ki, "ispan iqtisadi m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259si" ad\u0131n\u0131 alan bu hadis\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 r\u0259smi t\u0259bli\u011fat Frankonu xeyli m\u0259dh edir. El\u0259 indi d\u0259 bunu dey\u0259nl\u0259r az deyil. Lakin \u0259ks fikr\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259hz Frankonun avtarkiya siyas\u0259ti \u0130spaniyan\u0131n iqtisadi inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 20 il l\u0259ngitmi\u015fdi. G\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi ki, s\u0259naye v\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 1936-c\u0131 ild\u0259ki g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 1955 v\u0259 1959-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1973-c\u00fc ild\u0259ki \u0259r\u0259b-\u0130srail m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 neft b\u00f6hran\u0131 "ispan m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259si"ni dayand\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bundan sonra art\u0131m daha asta s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 getdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n 1969-cu ilin iyulun 22-d\u0259 Franko Burbonlar s\u00fclal\u0259sind\u0259n \u015fahzad\u0259, 1931-ci ild\u0259 devril\u0259n XIII Alfonsonun n\u0259v\u0259si Xuan Karlosu v\u0259li\u0259hd kimi palament\u0259 t\u0259qdim etdi. \u015eahzad\u0259 parlamentd\u0259 "D\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na, milli h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn qanunlar\u0131na sadiq" qalaca\u011f\u0131na and i\u00e7di.\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko rejiminin repressiv siyas\u0259ti basklar v\u0259 katalanlar aras\u0131nda separatizm meyll\u0259rini xeyli g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir. 1959-cu ild\u0259 bask separat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ETA terror t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131r. ETA-n\u0131n \u0259n s\u0259s-k\u00fcyl\u00fc terror akt\u0131 1973-c\u00fc ilin dekabr\u0131n 20-d\u0259 ba\u015f nazir Luis Karrero Blankonu q\u0259tli olur.\n<\/p>\n
\n ETA-dan \u0259lav\u0259 ultrasol\u00e7u FRAP v\u0259 CRAPO t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r. Sonuncunun banil\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Pio Moa sonralar qeyd edirdi ki, Franko diktaturas\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259vi a\u015f\u0131nmaya s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu: terrorizm yax\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fey kimi qavran\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Franko \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r demokratik islahatlar bar\u0259d\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259di. Lakin onun rejimi Q\u0259rbi Avropada art\u0131q bir anla\u015f\u0131lmazl\u0131q idi. D\u00fcnya s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015firdi. H\u0259tta katolik kils\u0259si bel\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015firdi. 1971-ci ild\u0259 ispan katolik kils\u0259si v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n birini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00fczr ist\u0259di. Bu kaudilyoya g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z z\u0259rb\u0259 oldu. Rejimin dayaqlar\u0131ndan biri ondan imtina edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son ill\u0259rind\u0259 Parkinson x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n Frankonun 1975-ci ilin pay\u0131z\u0131nda s\u0259hh\u0259ti lap pisl\u0259\u015fdi. Lakin bu ona sentyabr\u0131n 27-d\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 FRAP v\u0259 iki ETA \u00fczv\u00fcn\u00fcn edam\u0131n\u0131 sanksiyala\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa mane olmad\u0131. Oktyabr ay\u0131nda kaudilyo \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u0259f\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259k tutmas\u0131 ke\u00e7irdi, dig\u0259r orqanlar da imtina etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 c\u0259rrahi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259y\u0259 baxmayaraq, noyabr\u0131n 20-d\u0259 82 ya\u015f\u0131nda ke\u00e7indi. O, \u015e\u0259hidl\u0259r vadisind\u0259 Primo de Riveran\u0131n yan\u0131nda d\u0259fn olundu. M\u0259rasimd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z \u00c7ili diktatoru Pino\u00e7et i\u015ftirak etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Taxta \u00e7\u0131xan Xuan Karlos 1969-cu ild\u0259 i\u00e7diyi anda baxmayaraq, demokratik islahatlara ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7oxpartiyal\u0131 sistem b\u0259rpa edildi, h\u0259tta kommunist partiyas\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verildi. 1977-ci ild\u0259 41 illik fasil\u0259d\u0259n sonra \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 azad v\u0259 demokratik parlament se\u00e7kil\u0259ri ke\u00e7irildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bununla bel\u0259, Xuan Karlos c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 orduda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli sayda Franko t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq ehtiyatl\u0131 siyas\u0259t y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kaudilyonun heyk\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 toxunulmur, ad\u0131na olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmir. Frankonun arvad\u0131na y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 t\u0259qa\u00fcd \u00f6d\u0259nilirdi. O, 1988-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259fat ed\u0259rk\u0259n 12,5 milyon peseta t\u0259qa\u00fcd al\u0131rd\u0131. Bu da ba\u015f nazirin maa\u015f\u0131ndan 4 milyon \u00e7ox idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Yaln\u0131z demokratik t\u0259sisatlar daha m\u00f6hk\u0259m oturu\u015fandan sonra t\u0259drici defrankizasiya siyas\u0259ti apar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 Avropa strukturlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri d\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli rol oynad\u0131. 2005-ci ild\u0259 Madridd\u0259, 2008-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 \u0130spaniyada (Santander \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259) Frankonun son heyk\u0259ll\u0259ri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 Frankonun q\u0259brinin \u015e\u0259hidl\u0259r vadisind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si \u0259traf\u0131nda ciddi diskussiyalar gedirdi. Bu add\u0131m\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 qatilin \u00f6z qurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda d\u0259fn edilm\u0259sinin yolverilm\u0259zliyini, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 abid\u0259 kompleksi tikil\u0259rk\u0259n Frankonun g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fil\u0259 onminl\u0259rl\u0259 siyasi m\u0259hbusun qul \u0259m\u0259yind\u0259n istifad\u0259 olundu\u011funu \u0259sas g\u0259tirirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Art\u0131q bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259ntiqi sonlu\u011funa \u00e7atmaqdad\u0131r. 2019-cu il mart\u0131n 15-d\u0259 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n q\u0259rara g\u00f6r\u0259 Frankonun n\u0259\u015fi \u015e\u0259hidl\u0259r vadisind\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 ail\u0259 s\u0259rdab\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259fn olunacaq. Bu tarixi hadis\u0259 iyunun 10-a t\u0259yin olunub. Lakin kaudilyonun v\u0259r\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ri bu q\u0259rardan m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t edibl\u0259r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130slahatlardan \u0259vv\u0259l \u0130spaniya h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n xeyli geri qal\u0131rd\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":119327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-194812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-xeberler","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n