{"id":194189,"date":"2019-02-24T19:32:25","date_gmt":"2019-02-24T19:32:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/iran-islam-inqilabi\/"},"modified":"2019-02-24T19:32:25","modified_gmt":"2019-02-24T19:32:25","slug":"iran-islam-inqilabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/iran-islam-inqilabi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ran \u0130slam inqilab\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"\u0130ran
\n \u0130ran inqilab\u0131
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n \u0130ran \u0130slam inqilab\u0131n\u0131n 40 illiyi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00f6nc\u0259ki iki m\u0259qal\u0259 “\u015eapur B\u0259xtiyar” v\u0259 “\u0130ran: inqilab \u00f6nc\u0259si” adlan\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 400 g\u00fcn davam ed\u0259n inqilabi h\u0259r\u0259kat v\u0259 monarxiyan\u0131n s\u00fcqutundan b\u0259hs olunacaq\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n 1978-ci ilin ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 iri m\u0259mur M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah P\u0259hl\u0259viy\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 yar\u0131nmaq h\u0259v\u0259sin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r. \u0130deya \u00f6zl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 original deyildi: \u015fah\u0131n \u0259sas t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n biri, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunmu\u015f ay\u0259tullah Xomeyni haqq\u0131nda t\u0259hqiramiz m\u0259qal\u0259 yaz\u0131lacaqd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu m\u0259qal\u0259nin \u0259sl m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rinin kim olmas\u0131 indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r tam d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259 m\u0259lum deyil. \u018fn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif adamlar\u0131n ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilir. Lakin ideyan\u0131n h\u00f6kum\u0259tin \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k e\u015falonundan g\u0259lm\u0259si, \u015fah\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259nin m\u0259zmunundan x\u0259b\u0259rdar olmas\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 do\u011furmur.\n<\/p>\n

\n “\u0130ran v\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-qara m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259\u00e7ilik” adlanan m\u0259qal\u0259nin alt\u0131nda \u018fhm\u0259d R\u0259\u015fidi Motlaq kimi m\u00f6vcud olmayan m\u00fc\u0259llif g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi. Burada Xomeyninin g\u0259ncliyind\u0259 ey\u015f-i\u015fr\u0259t dolu h\u0259yat ke\u00e7irm\u0259si, imperialistl\u0259r v\u0259 kommunistl\u0259rl\u0259 i\u015fbirliyind\u0259 olmas\u0131 kimi fikirl\u0259r yer al\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259qal\u0259 \u00e7ap edilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eyni zamanda \u201cKeyhan\u201d v\u0259 \u201cEttelaat\u201d adl\u0131 iki q\u0259zet\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Ancaq \u201cKeyhan\u201d q\u0259zetinin ba\u015f redaktoru m\u0259qal\u0259ni \u00e7ap etm\u0259kd\u0259n imtina etdi. O, bunun arzuolunmaz n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r do\u011fura bil\u0259c\u0259yini \u0259sas g\u0259tirirdi. \u201cEttelaat\u201d q\u0259zeti is\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259ni 7 yanvar tarixli n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7ap etdi. Bununla da h\u0259m m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259zetin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi \u015faha “ay\u0131 xidm\u0259ti” g\u00f6st\u0259rdil\u0259r. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259rd\u0259n birinin bu haqda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, tarixd\u0259 axmaql\u0131\u011f\u0131n rolunu \u0259sla ki\u00e7iltm\u0259k olmaz.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259qal\u0259 dindarlar\u0131n k\u0259skin etiraz\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. \u0130ran\u0131n dini m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan Qum \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259ki m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri yanvar\u0131n 8-d\u0259 etiraz aksiyas\u0131 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. Onlar m\u0259qal\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00fczr ist\u0259nilm\u0259sini, siyasi m\u0259hbuslar\u0131n azad olunmas\u0131n\u0131, Xomeyninin geri qay\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131, siyasi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259tbuat azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min olunmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bir g\u00fcn sonra is\u0259 etirazlar daha aqressiv \u015f\u0259kil ald\u0131. T\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r bir s\u0131ra obyektl\u0259r\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 yegan\u0259 partiya olan \u015fahy\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc R\u0259staxizin ofisin\u0259 h\u00fccum etdil\u0259r. Polisin a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 r\u0259smi m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259 2, m\u00fcxalif\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 70 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, 500-d\u0259n \u00e7ox adam yaraland\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bundan sonra \u0130randa \u018frb\u0259in (Q\u0131rx\u0131nc\u0131 g\u00fcn) etirazlar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Qumda h\u0259lak olanlar\u0131n 40-c\u0131 an\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259, fevral\u0131n 18-d\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi. N\u00fcfuzlu az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 ay\u0259tullah \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259darinin dinc etirazlar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131na baxmayaraq, m\u0259hz T\u0259brizd\u0259 etirazlar i\u011fti\u015fa\u015fa \u00e7evrildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Burada hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131na v\u0259 “Q\u0259rb simvollar\u0131”na aid edil\u0259n binalara – polis m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, R\u0259staxiz Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n ofisin\u0259, otell\u0259r\u0259, bank binalar\u0131na, kinoteatrlara v\u0259 barlara od vuruldu. M\u0259hz T\u0259brizd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 “\u015eaha \u00f6l\u00fcm” \u015f\u00fcar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259sl\u0259ndirildiyi iddia olunur.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00dcsyan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 ordu q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri yeridildi. A\u00e7\u0131lan at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 fikirl\u0259r yen\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif idi. Hakimiyy\u0259t 6, m\u00fcxalif\u0259t is\u0259 y\u00fczd\u0259n \u00e7ox adam\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc iddia edirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Hadis\u0259l\u0259r \u015fah\u0131n ciddi bir n\u00f6qsan\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fkar etdi. \u0130ran polisi k\u00fctl\u0259vi etirazlar\u0131 yat\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 x\u00fcsusi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, n\u0259 t\u0259lim\u0259, n\u0259 d\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malik deyildi. 1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 orduya onmilyardlarla dollar x\u0259rcl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k \u0259n m\u00fcasir silahlarla t\u0259min ed\u0259n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah polisin ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ndi geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 etirazlarla \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259rk\u0259n k\u00f6m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn orduya m\u00fcraci\u0259t edilirdi. Ordu da polis v\u0259saitl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259k\u0259n v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 malik deyildi. \u015eah\u0131n at\u0259\u015f a\u00e7maqdan bacard\u0131qa \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259k tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131na baxmayaraq, at\u0259\u015f a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, insanlar h\u0259lak olur, \u015faha qar\u015f\u0131 nifr\u0259t v\u0259 etirazlar daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, ilk d\u00f6vrd\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n \u015f\u0259riksiz r\u0259hb\u0259rinin Xomeyni oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k olmaz. \u0130lk etiraz aksiyas\u0131 Xomeyniy\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n t\u0259hqir\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ke\u00e7irils\u0259 d\u0259, dig\u0259r aksiyalarda daha geni\u015f etirazlar s\u0259sl\u0259ndirilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Do\u011frudur, 1953-c\u00fc ild\u0259 M\u00fcs\u0259ddiqin r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi Milli C\u0259bh\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin devrilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra arams\u0131z davam ed\u0259n repressiyalar liberal v\u0259 sol m\u00fcxalif\u0259ti \u0259sasl\u0131 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 z\u0259ifl\u0259tdiyind\u0259n din xadiml\u0259ri rejimin \u0259sas m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilibl\u0259r. M\u0259scidl\u0259r is\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259nqidi fikirl\u0259rin s\u0259sl\u0259ndiyi yegan\u0259 yer idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin dini d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 Xomeyni yegan\u0259 lider deyil. Dig\u0259r ay\u0259tullahlar, \u015e\u0259ritm\u0259dari v\u0259 T\u0259l\u0259qani d\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r n\u00fcfuzludurlar v\u0259 Xomeyni onlarla hesabla\u015fmal\u0131 olur. Bununla bel\u0259, bir s\u0131ra s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r daha radikal Xomeyninin n\u00fcfuzunu art\u0131r\u0131r. Onlardan birincisi ordunu etiraz\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 silah i\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259si idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Mart\u0131n 29-da \u0130ran m\u00fcxalif\u0259ti T\u0259briz qurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n 40 m\u0259rasimini qeyd etdi. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar \u00f6lk\u0259nin irili-x\u0131rdal\u0131 55 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi. Bu d\u0259f\u0259 Y\u0259zd \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 qan ax\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n May\u0131n 9-da art\u0131q Y\u0259zd qurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n 40-c\u0131 an\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fc il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi. Tehranda, Qumda v\u0259 b\u0259zi dig\u0259r yerl\u0259rd\u0259 yen\u0259 i\u011fti\u015fa\u015fa \u00e7evrildi. A\u00e7\u0131lan at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yen\u0259 \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259r oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ran \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 dini obyektl\u0259r, ali d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li ruhanil\u0259rin evi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaq say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 iki etiraz\u00e7\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck ay\u0259tullah \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259darinin evin\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n polis i\u00e7\u0259ri daxil olaraq onlar\u0131 g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259di. Bu m\u00fcct\u0259hid\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6rm\u0259tsizlik idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fclayim m\u00f6vqe tutan v\u0259 etiraz aksiyalar\u0131n\u0131n dinc \u00fcsullarla ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259dari ilk d\u0259f\u0259 yet\u0259rinc\u0259 s\u0259rt b\u0259yanat ver\u0259r\u0259k 1906-c\u0131 il konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259sind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u00f6kum\u0259t is\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ay\u0259tullahdan \u00fczr ist\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1906-c\u0131 il konstitusiyas\u0131 is\u0259 parlamentin v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin q\u0259bul etdikl\u0259ri q\u0259rar v\u0259 qanunlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t\u0259 uy\u011fun olub-olmamas\u0131n\u0131 yoxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ruhanil\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t dini n\u0259zar\u0259t \u015furas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n bu \u015fura P\u0259hl\u0259vi s\u00fclal\u0259sinin banisi Rza \u015fah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1930-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Hadis\u0259l\u0259ri bir q\u0259d\u0259r qabaqlayaraq qeyd edim ki, 1978-ci ilin pay\u0131z\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259rl\u0259 etirazlar\u0131 yat\u0131rtmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n \u015fah \u015furan\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131na raz\u0131l\u0131q verdi v\u0259 quruma r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi m\u0259hz \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259dariy\u0259 t\u0259klif etdi. O, bununla m\u00fcxalif ali ruhanil\u0259r aras\u0131nda par\u00e7alanma yaratma\u011fa \u00fcmid edirdi. Lakin \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259dari t\u0259klifi q\u0259bul etm\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n \u015eah etirazlar\u0131 yat\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ordunun g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00fcsullara \u0259l at\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259 rejim\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k mitinql\u0259ri ke\u00e7irilir. R\u0259staxiz partiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fcxalif f\u0259allara h\u00fccum etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qruplar yarad\u0131l\u0131r. \u018fhalinin dini hissl\u0259rini istismar ed\u0259n \u015fah M\u0259\u015fh\u0259d\u0259 yollan\u0131r, burada \u015fi\u0259l\u0259rin s\u0259kkizinci imam\u0131 Rzan\u0131n m\u0259zar\u0131n\u0131 ziyar\u0259t edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fn \u00f6n\u0259mli add\u0131mlardan biri m\u00fcxalif\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 repressiyalar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur olan SAVAK t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri Nem\u0259tolla N\u0259sirinin iyunun 6-da v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k Pakistana s\u0259fir g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259si oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u015eah insan h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259t edil\u0259ciyini, bir s\u0131ra siyasi azadl\u0131qlar\u0131n t\u0259min olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259d etdi. T\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 sistemd\u0259n imtina olunmas\u0131, \u00e7oxpartiyal\u0131 v\u0259 azad se\u00e7kil\u0259rin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si d\u0259 veril\u0259n v\u0259dl\u0259r aras\u0131nda idi.
\n
\n Bel\u0259 add\u0131mlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259darinin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti \u018frb\u0259in g\u00fcn\u00fc – iyunun 18-d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n aksiyalar i\u011fti\u015fa\u015fs\u0131z v\u0259 qurbans\u0131z \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Bu ba\u015f nazir C\u0259m\u015fid Amuzeg\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6hran\u0131n bitdiyini s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259tta M\u0259rk\u0259zi K\u0259\u015ffiyyat \u0130dar\u0259sinin AB\u015e h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259hlild\u0259 “\u0130randa n\u0259inki inqilabi, h\u0259tta inqilab \u0259r\u0259f\u0259si v\u0259ziyy\u0259t bel\u0259 yoxdur” yaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u0130randa ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259r MK\u0130-nin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck fiaskolar\u0131ndan biri say\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u00f6kum\u0259tin v\u0259 m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin etiraz qurbanlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n bir-birind\u0259n k\u0259skin f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi. H\u00f6kum\u0259t hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015flayandan 22 n\u0259f\u0259rin, m\u00fcxalif\u0259t is\u0259 250 n\u0259f\u0259rin h\u0259lak oldu\u011funu iddia edirdi. Xalq is\u0259 daha \u00e7ox m\u00fcxalif\u0259t\u0259 inanma\u011fa meylli idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u015fah rejiminin xalq\u0131n etimad\u0131n\u0131 itirdiyi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. H\u0259tta haql\u0131 oldu\u011fu hallarda bel\u0259 kims\u0259 onun m\u0259lumatlar\u0131na inanm\u0131r, m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin dedikl\u0259rini h\u0259qiq\u0259t say\u0131rd\u0131. G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, x\u00fcsus\u0259n “Reks” kinoteatr\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n faci\u0259 zaman\u0131 bunun h\u00f6kum\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259yik.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avqustun \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 il\u0259 etirazlar yenid\u0259n v\u00fcs\u0259t ald\u0131. \u0130sfahan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 soyuq silahlarla silahlanan k\u00fctl\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin n\u0259zar\u0259ti tamamil\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. Onlar\u0131 z\u0259r\u0259rsizl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00f6kum\u0259t \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan\u0131na v\u0259 silah t\u0259tbiqin\u0259 \u0259l atd\u0131. \u00d6l\u0259nl\u0259r oldu v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t yeni \u018frb\u0259in silsil\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 haz\u0131rla\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Lakin f\u0259lak\u0259t daha tez ba\u015f verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Avqustun 19-da Abadan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n “Reks” kinoteatr\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n yan\u011f\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 xeyli sayda (m\u00fcxt\u0259lif r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rilir, Amnesty \u0130nternational t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 438 n\u0259f\u0259r) insan h\u0259lak oldu. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6r\u0259, yan\u011f\u0131n SAVAK agentl\u0259rinin t\u0259qib etdikl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin zalda gizl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcxalif\u0259t bildirirdi ki, SAVAK agentl\u0259ri axtard\u0131qlar\u0131 adamlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa m\u0259cbur etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kinoteatr\u0131 yand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Hakimiyy\u0259t n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 yan\u011f\u0131nla he\u00e7 bir \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd, olduqca h\u0259ssas bir zamanda hans\u0131 cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi m\u0259lum olmayan 4 n\u0259f\u0259ri h\u0259bs etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc SAVAK-\u0131n b\u00fct\u00f6v kinoteatr\u0131 yand\u0131rmas\u0131 a\u011flabatan deyildi. Amma insanlar buna inand\u0131.<\/p>\n

11 sentyabr hadis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck terror akt\u0131 say\u0131lan “Reks” faci\u0259si \u0130randa ged\u0259n siyasi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ox \u00f6n\u0259mli rol oynad\u0131. O zamana q\u0259d\u0259r “siyas\u0259t\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131ram” m\u00f6vqeyi s\u0259rgil\u0259y\u0259n insanlar\u0131n \u00e7oxu inand\u0131 ki, bir g\u00fcn film izl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n, \u00e7ayxanada \u00e7ay i\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n, avtobusda ged\u0259rk\u0259n hakimiyy\u0259t q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259t xadiml\u0259rinin, h\u0259tta \u015fah\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn onlar\u0131 bu fikirl\u0259rind\u0259n da\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn etdikl\u0259ri and-aman faydas\u0131z oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnki yuxar\u0131da dediyimiz kimi, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 rejim\u0259 etimad limiti t\u00fck\u0259nmi\u015fdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 sonrak\u0131 etiraz aksiyalar\u0131na qo\u015fulanlar\u0131n say\u0131nda s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f ba\u015f verdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130nqilab\u0131n q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259rhal sonra ordu kapitan\u0131 Moner Taheri “Reks” yan\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259kd\u0259 ittiham olundu. Kapitan\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcnd\u0259 Abadanda olmamas\u0131n\u0131 iddia etm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq g\u00fcnahkar say\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 1979-cu il fevral\u0131n 23-d\u0259 as\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lyar\u0131m sonra is\u0259 H\u00fcseyn Takbalizad\u0259 adl\u0131 bir n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259bs edildi. M\u0259lum oldu ki, narkoman olan H\u00fcseyn kinoteatr\u0131 yand\u0131ran 4 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n biri v\u0259 onlardan sa\u011f qalan yegan\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsdir. H\u00f6kmd\u0259 \u0259ksinin iddia olunmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, \u0259slind\u0259 SAVAK-la v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u015fah rejimi il\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u0259laq\u0259si a\u015fkar edilm\u0259di. Takbalizad\u0259 1980-ci ilin sentyabr\u0131nda edam olundu.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

“Reks” faci\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259siz \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini anlayan M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah etirazlar\u0131 yum\u015faltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra add\u0131mlar atd\u0131. Ba\u015f nazir C\u0259m\u015fid Amuzeg\u0259r istefaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi, yerin\u0259 C\u0259f\u0259r \u015e\u0259rif-Emami t\u0259yin olundu.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t daha bir qeyri-populyar, dindarlar\u0131n x\u00fcsusi etiraz\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015f yenilikd\u0259n imtina edir. 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259n t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n v\u0259 e.\u0259. 559-cu ild\u0259 Kirin \u018fh\u0259m\u0259ni taxt\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131ndan hesablanan \u015fah\u0259n\u015fahi t\u0259qvimi l\u0259\u011fv edildi, yenid\u0259n hicri-\u015f\u0259msi t\u0259qvimin\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yeni h\u00f6kum\u0259t h\u0259d\u0259finin “milli bar\u0131\u015f\u0131q” oldu\u011funu elan etdi. Avqustun son g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 261 siyasi m\u0259hbus azadl\u0131\u011fa burax\u0131ld\u0131, onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda din xadiml\u0259ri d\u0259 vard\u0131. M\u0259tbuat azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259min olundu. \u0130ndi m\u0259tbuatda hakimiyy\u0259tin t\u0259nqidin\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k nadir hal deyildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sentyabr\u0131n 4-d\u0259 Ramazan bayram\u0131 idi. Bayram namaz\u0131 q\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131qdan sonra say\u0131 yar\u0131m milyona \u00e7atan insan k\u00fctl\u0259si Tehranda y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etdi. Onlar “Allahu \u0259kb\u0259r, Xomeyni r\u0259hb\u0259r”, “H\u00fcseyn s\u0259rv\u0259rimiz, Xomeyni r\u0259hb\u0259rimiz” \u015f\u00fcarlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259sl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. Deyil\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u015fah bu n\u00fcmayi\u015fi \u015f\u0259xsi helikopterind\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n u\u00e7araq t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb v\u0259 m\u0259yusluqla izl\u0259yirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Etirazlar bayram g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259ki sayda olmasa da sonrak\u0131 3 g\u00fcnd\u0259 davam etdi. Tehran\u0131n c\u0259nub hiss\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fan kas\u0131blar etirazlarda x\u00fcsus\u0259n f\u0259al i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r. \u015eah is\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn AB\u015e-a m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Q\u0259rb m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquq m\u00fcdafi\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid etdiyi \u015fah rejiminin m\u00fcraci\u0259ti AB\u015e prezidentinin administrasiyas\u0131nda fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratd\u0131. Karterin milli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fc\u015faviri Zbiqnev Bjezinski \u015faha k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar idi. Lakin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259t, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259t katibi Sayrus Vens m\u00fcdaxil\u0259nin q\u0259ti \u0259leyhin\u0259 idil\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u015faha m\u00fcsb\u0259t cavab verilm\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bel\u0259 olduqda \u015fah \u00f6z g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259yi q\u0259rara ald\u0131. Sentyabr\u0131n 8-\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n gec\u0259 Tehranda v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin daha 11 iri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan edildi, k\u00fctl\u0259vi aksiyalar qada\u011fan olundu. \u0130ran ordusunun \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu general\u0131 Qulam\u0259li Oveysi Tehran\u0131n h\u0259rbi qubernatoru t\u0259yin edildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n K\u00f6k\u0259nc\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131, ata t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Qaraqoyunlu h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Qara Yusifin, ana t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 Qacarlar\u0131n n\u0259slind\u0259n olan general Oveysi maraql\u0131 fiqur idi. Q\u0259rb diplomatlar\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259ri onun pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. Dindar, namaz q\u0131lan v\u0259 oruc tutan Qulam\u0259li Oveysi monarxiyan\u0131n qat\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin elan edildiyi el\u0259 ilk g\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130ran inqilab\u0131nda “Reks” faci\u0259si q\u0259d\u0259r \u00f6n\u0259mli, geriy\u0259 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc v\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lki status-kvonun b\u0259rpas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz ed\u0259n hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n G\u00fcnorta saatlar\u0131nda minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan Tehran\u0131n Jal\u0259 meydan\u0131nda n\u00f6vb\u0259ti etiraz aksiyas\u0131 ke\u00e7irdi. Onlar h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan\u0131nda x\u0259b\u0259rsiz idil\u0259r, yoxsa etinas\u0131z yana\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar, m\u0259lum deyil. Etiraz\u00e7\u0131lar tezlikl\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131lar v\u0259 at\u0259\u015f\u0259 tutuldular. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 xeyli adam h\u0259lak oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n General Oveysi “Qara c\u00fcm\u0259” ad\u0131n\u0131 alacaq hadis\u0259ni “Allaha v\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259r \u015f\u0259r\u0259fim\u0259 and olsun ki, ilk at\u0259\u015f qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131” dey\u0259 \u015f\u0259rh edirdi. \u015eahbanu F\u0259r\u0259h Diba P\u0259hl\u0259vi d\u0259 \u00f6z xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00fcnah\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Lakin h\u0259tta bel\u0259 oldu\u011fu halda ictimai etimads\u0131zl\u0131q \u015fahla ac\u0131 kinay\u0259sini davam etdirirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fcxalif\u0259t “Qara c\u00fcm\u0259” zaman\u0131 y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259, h\u0259tta minl\u0259rl\u0259 n\u00fcmayi\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc iddia edirdi. O zamanTehranda olan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f frans\u0131z filosofu v\u0259 psixoanalitiki Mi\u015fel Fuko \u0130taliyan\u0131n “Corriere della sera” q\u0259zeti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 Jal\u0259 meydan\u0131nda 4000 insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc bildirirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sanball\u0131 q\u0259zetd\u0259 iddia edil\u0259n bu miqdar Q\u0259rbd\u0259 geni\u015f \u0259ks-s\u0259da do\u011furdu, \u015faha nifr\u0259t, \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131na is\u0259 r\u0259\u011fb\u0259t qazand\u0131rd\u0131. Halbuki, sonralar \u0130slam respublikas\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u015e\u0259hid ail\u0259l\u0259ri fondunun apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rma “Qara c\u00fcm\u0259”d\u0259 88 n\u0259f\u0259rin h\u0259lak oldu\u011funu a\u015fkar etdi. Ancaq m\u0259lum s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n bu n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r ictimail\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah Jal\u0259 meydan\u0131ndak\u0131 q\u0259tliamdan d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldi. Bundan sonra onun q\u0259tiyy\u0259ti sars\u0131ld\u0131. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin \u0130randak\u0131 s\u0259firi Vladimir Vinoqradov \u00f6z xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fah\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7a\u015fq\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0259rars\u0131z g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc yaz\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n “Qara c\u00fcm\u0259”d\u0259n sonra h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t l\u0259\u011fv olunmasa da, de-fakto q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. H\u00f6kum\u0259t etiraz aksiyalar\u0131na m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 etm\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259rar verdi. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u015e\u0259rif-Emami h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin “m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini h\u0259tta onlar s\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259mi\u015f” yerin\u0259 yetirdiyini yaz\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sentyabr\u0131n 9-dan ba\u015flayaraq \u00f6lk\u0259ni etiraz\u0131n yeni formas\u0131 – t\u0259til h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 b\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. D\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sinin \u0259sas donoru olan neft s\u0259nayesi i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rinin t\u0259tili h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 vururdu. B\u0259zi yerl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259tta d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 t\u0259til\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 qo\u015fulurdular.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fah v\u0259 m\u0259murlar\u0131 demokratik m\u00fcxalif\u0259tl\u0259, Milli C\u0259bh\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130ran Azadl\u0131q H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 anla\u015fma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin ill\u0259rl\u0259 davam ed\u0259n repressiyalar sekulyar m\u00fcxalif\u0259ti z\u0259ifl\u0259tmi\u015f v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259sini z\u0259ifl\u0259d\u0259r\u0259k marginalla\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ran Azadl\u0131q H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri Mehdi Baz\u0259rgan bir zamanlar \u00f6z m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 “biz Konstitusiya yolu il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan son adamlar\u0131q” demi\u015fdi. Lakin bu x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131\u011fa etinas\u0131z yana\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u015eah hakimiyy\u0259ti Mehdi Baz\u0259rgan\u0131 sonuncu d\u0259f\u0259 siyas\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmamaq \u015f\u0259rtil\u0259 vaxt\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l azadl\u0131\u011fa buraxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O da bu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 tikinti biznesil\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idi. \u0130ndi is\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolunu tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Baz\u0259rgana az qala yalvar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1977-ci ild\u0259 SAVAK agentl\u0259ri \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan sosioloq, d\u00fcny\u0259vi m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin \u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f simalar\u0131ndan biri olan \u018fli \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tini “\u00fcr\u0259k tutmas\u0131” imitasiyas\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259 bilmi\u015fdil\u0259r. \u0130ndi is\u0259, \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n 1 il ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259n sonra rejimin \u015e\u0259ri\u0259ti kimi m\u00fcxalif\u0259t\u00e7iy\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Ay\u0259tullah Ruhulla Xomeyni 1964-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u0130randan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildikd\u0259n sonra bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259, Bursa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, daha sonra is\u0259 \u0130raqda, N\u0259c\u0259f \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t g\u0259rgin olan \u0130ran-\u0130raq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda gedi\u015f-g\u0259li\u015fi \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259yirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1975-ci ild\u0259 \u018flc\u0259zair m\u00fcqavil\u0259sil\u0259 \u0130ran v\u0259 \u0130raq aras\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u0259rh\u0259d ixtilaf\u0131 h\u0259ll edildi. M\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r bir q\u0259d\u0259r normalla\u015fd\u0131. Xeyli iranl\u0131 K\u0259rb\u0259la ziyar\u0259tin\u0259 getm\u0259k imkan\u0131 qazand\u0131. Qay\u0131danda is\u0259 onlar\u0131n bir \u00e7oxu Xomeyninin m\u00fcraci\u0259ti yaz\u0131lan audiokasetl\u0259r g\u0259tirir v\u0259 \u0130randa \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k yay\u0131rd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah Xomeynini \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n daha uza\u011fa k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olmaq ist\u0259yirdi. \u0130raq h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259ri aras\u0131nda sui-q\u0259sd planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 SAVAK-\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi m\u0259lumat\u0131 S\u0259ddam H\u00fcseynl\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u0259n \u015fah, ondan \u00fcsyan\u00e7\u0131 ay\u0259tullah\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n

\n S\u0259ddam \u015fah\u0131n bu ist\u0259yini yerin\u0259 yetirdi. Suriya, \u018flc\u0259zair v\u0259 b\u0259zi ba\u015fqa m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fmaq imkan\u0131 olan Xomeyni sonda q\u0259rara g\u0259ldi ki, daim t\u0259nqid etdiyi Q\u0259rbd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz hiss ed\u0259r. O, oktyanr\u0131n 8-d\u0259 Paris yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 Nofl-le-\u015eato \u015f\u0259h\u0259rciyin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin \u015fah\u0131n bu t\u0259dbiri fayda \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, z\u0259r\u0259rli oldu. Fransan\u0131n m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l telefon \u0259laq\u0259si say\u0259sind\u0259 Xomeyninin \u0130ranla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri daha da asanla\u015fd\u0131. \u00dcst\u0259lik, o, burada tez-tez d\u00fcnyan\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 informasiya vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcsahib\u0259l\u0259r verir. \u0130ddia olunur ki, m\u0259hz d\u00fcnya K\u0130V-l\u0259rinin say\u0259sind\u0259 Xomeyni \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259darid\u0259n daha \u00f6n\u0259 ke\u00e7di.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259tbuat n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 Xomeyni olduqca d\u00fczg\u00fcn taktika se\u00e7ir. O, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn yaln\u0131z \u0259dal\u0259t u\u011frunda, istismara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259yir, d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyil\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 suallara yan\u0131nda olan \u018fb\u00fclh\u0259s\u0259n B\u0259nis\u0259dr, \u0130brahim Y\u0259zdi, Sadeq Qotbzad\u0259 kimi d\u00fcny\u0259vi, Q\u0259rb t\u0259hsilli insanlar\u0131n cavab verm\u0259sini ist\u0259yir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u015e\u0259rq \u0259satirl\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi h\u0259y\u0259can hiss ed\u0259n Q\u0259rb c\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 Xomeyni t\u0259rki-d\u00fcnya mistik, \u015e\u0259rq na\u011f\u0131llar\u0131ndan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00f6vr\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n m\u00fcdrik t\u0259siri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131r. Tezlikl\u0259 ictimai r\u0259\u011fb\u0259t tamamil\u0259 ay\u0259tullah\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 q\u0259rar tutur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra sekulyar Milli C\u0259bh\u0259nin liderl\u0259rind\u0259n K\u0259rim S\u0259ncabi Paris\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k Xomeynil\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalay\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0130ran Konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n “islam\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 demokratik” olmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, \u0130slam inqilab\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259n q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra S\u0259ncabi v\u0259 B\u0259nis\u0259dr repressiya qorxusundan \u0130randan qa\u00e7mal\u0131 oldular, Sadeq Qotbzad\u0259 sui-q\u0259sd c\u0259hdind\u0259 g\u00fcnahland\u0131r\u0131laraq 1982-ci ild\u0259 edam edildi. \u0130brahim Y\u0259zdi is\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 h\u0259bs edildi, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131na qada\u011fa qoyuldu. Yaln\u0131z \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl x\u0259st\u0259 oldu\u011fu a\u015fkarlananda qada\u011fa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, 2017-ci ild\u0259 \u0130zmird\u0259 x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngd\u0259n v\u0259fat etdi\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah is\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti normalla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u0259hdl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259 davam edir. Noyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 R\u0259staxiz partiyas\u0131 burax\u0131ld\u0131. 1126 siyasi m\u0259hbus, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n M\u00f6nt\u0259ziri v\u0259 T\u0259l\u0259qani kimi ay\u0259tullahlar azad edildi. T\u0259til\u00e7il\u0259rin iqtisadi t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rinin ham\u0131s\u0131 q\u0259bul olundu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin etirazlar n\u0259inki s\u0259ngimir, h\u0259tta daha da \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259nirdi. Noyabr\u0131n 5-d\u0259 xeyli yeniyetm\u0259nin oldu\u011fu etiraz\u00e7\u0131lar Tehranda bir \u00e7ox obyektl\u0259ri \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k od vurdular. Xarici m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r bu g\u00fcn\u00fc “Tehran\u0131n yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc” adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u015eah k\u00fctl\u0259y\u0259 at\u0259\u015f a\u00e7maq \u0259mri verm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259t etm\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n

\n Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn is\u0259 ba\u015f nazir \u015e\u0259rif-Emami istefaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi, onun yerin\u0259 general Qulamrza \u018fzhari t\u0259yin olundu. H\u0259min g\u00fcn \u015fah \u00f6z\u00fc televiziya vasit\u0259sil\u0259 xalqa m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdi. Bu m\u00fcraci\u0259tind\u0259 \u015fah burax\u0131lan s\u0259hvl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00fczr ist\u0259yir, onlar\u0131n t\u0259krar olunmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259d edir, koalisyon h\u00f6kum\u0259t qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcxalif\u0259tl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q ed\u0259c\u0259yini s\u00f6yl\u0259yirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin \u015fah\u0131n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0259ks effekt do\u011furdu. Onun t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcdl\u0259ri a\u015fkar hiss olunurdu. Xomeyni b\u0259yanat ver\u0259r\u0259k \u015fahla h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130slama x\u0259yan\u0259t olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Noyabr\u0131n 8-d\u0259 \u015fah daha bir t\u0259dbir\u0259 \u0259l atd\u0131: 132 d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259muru, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 13 il h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q ed\u0259n \u018fmir-Abbas Hoveyda v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox nift\u0259t edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs – SAVAK-\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u015fefi Nem\u0259tolla N\u0259siri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ittihamlarla h\u0259bs olundular.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yeni h\u00f6kum\u0259t etiraz aksiyalar\u0131na el\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcaxil\u0259 etm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas neft m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi Xuzistanda h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan etdi v\u0259 ora qo\u015fun g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 neft hasilat\u0131n\u0131 etirazlardan \u0259vv\u0259lki h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Lakin qar\u015f\u0131dan h\u00f6kum\u0259tin \u0259n \u00e7ox qorxdu\u011fu m\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259m ay\u0131 g\u0259lirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Dekabr\u0131n 2-d\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259m ay\u0131 daxil oldu. H\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t v\u0259 komendant saat\u0131na baxmayaraq aksiyalar ke\u00e7irilir, insanlar gec\u0259l\u0259r bel\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r\u0131dlar. Ay\u0259tullah \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259darinin h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar v\u0259 he\u00e7 bir zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol verilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini v\u0259d etm\u0259si qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tasua v\u0259 A\u015fura y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dekabr\u0131n 10-da Tasua, ert\u0259si g\u00fcn is\u0259 A\u015fura y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 milyonlarla adam i\u015ftirak etdi. Onlara ay\u0259tullah T\u0259l\u0259qani v\u0259 K\u0259rim S\u0259ncabi r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edirdil\u0259r. V\u0259d edildiyi kimi zorak\u0131l\u0131q ba\u015f verm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, bu y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya qoydu. T\u0259kc\u0259 Tehranda 2 milyon insan\u0131n A\u015fura y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etdiyi t\u0259xmin edilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dekabr\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259til h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 iflic etdi. Silahlanma\u011fa nail olan bir s\u0131ra m\u00fcxalif qruplar ordu, polis v\u0259 dig\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t strukturlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 terror h\u00fccumlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. H\u0259bsxanalar tutularaq dustaqlar azad edilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dekabr\u0131n 21-d\u0259 AB\u015e s\u0259firi Uilyam Sallivanla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259n ba\u015f nazir \u018fzhari “Siz bilin v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tinizi d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rdar edin ki, bu \u00f6lk\u0259 art\u0131q itirilib. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u015fah q\u0259rar q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bilmir” s\u00f6yl\u0259di. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn sonra infarkt ke\u00e7ir\u0259n \u018fzhari istefa verdi v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn AB\u015e-a getdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u015eah h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etm\u0259yi m\u00fcxalif Milli C\u0259bh\u0259nin liderl\u0259rind\u0259n K\u0259rim S\u0259ncabiy\u0259, onun imtinas\u0131ndan sonra is\u0259 \u015eapur B\u0259xtiyara t\u0259klif edir. Yanvar\u0131n 4-d\u0259 B\u0259xtiyar \u0130ran monarxiyas\u0131n\u0131n son ba\u015f naziri t\u0259yin edildi. Yanvar\u0131n 16-da is\u0259 \u015fah v\u0259 ail\u0259si \u0130ran\u0131 t\u0259rk etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u0259xtiyar \u0130ran monarxiyas\u0131n\u0131n taleyini v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k idar\u0259 \u00fcsulunu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisin\u0259 se\u00e7kil\u0259r ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 3 ay m\u00f6hl\u0259t ist\u0259yirdi. O, b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi m\u0259hbuslar\u0131n azad edilm\u0259si, senzuran\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvi, h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rinin yum\u015fald\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fl\u0259r verdi. Etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 zaman\u0131 h\u0259lak olanlar\u0131n ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ciddi kompensasiya v\u0259d edildi. SAVAK burax\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Amma v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti xilas etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi. Fevral\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ay\u0259tullah Xomeyni \u0130rana qay\u0131td\u0131. Mehrabad hava liman\u0131nda onu say\u0131 milyonu ke\u00e7\u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. B\u0259xtiyar h\u00f6kum\u0259tini tan\u0131mayan Xomeyni inqilabi h\u00f6kum\u0259t yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elan etdi v\u0259 Mehdi Baz\u0259rgan onun ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 t\u0259yin olundu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n ikihakimiyy\u0259tlilikd\u0259n sonra B\u0259xtiyar h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin son daya\u011f\u0131 olan ordu bit\u0259r\u0259fliyini elan etdi. Ba\u015f q\u0259rargah r\u0259isi Abbas Qaraba\u011fi ordu q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 kazarmalar\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u0259yi \u0259mr etdi. B\u0259xtiyar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti s\u00fcqut etdi v\u0259 \u0130ran inqilab\u0131 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u00e7ald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Mart\u0131n 30-da v\u0259 31-d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n referendumda se\u00e7icil\u0259rd\u0259n “\u0130randa \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n qurulmas\u0131 il\u0259 raz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131zm\u0131?” sual\u0131na cavab verm\u0259k ist\u0259nilirdi. \u0130\u015ftirak ed\u0259nl\u0259rin 99,3%-i “h\u0259” cavab\u0131 verdi. Bundan sonra 1906-c\u0131 il konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc elan edildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yeni konstitusiya haz\u0131rlanandan sonra dekabr\u0131n 2-d\u0259 v\u0259 3-d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n referendumda s\u0259sverm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 99,5%-i “Yeni \u0130slam konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yirsinizmi?” sual\u0131na “h\u0259” cavab\u0131 verdil\u0259r. Bununla da \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131 quruldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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