{"id":193995,"date":"2019-02-13T20:30:33","date_gmt":"2019-02-13T20:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/iran-inqilab-oncesi\/"},"modified":"2019-02-13T20:30:33","modified_gmt":"2019-02-13T20:30:33","slug":"iran-inqilab-oncesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/iran-inqilab-oncesi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ran: inqilab \u00f6nc\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n
\n \u0130randa naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u015fah v\u0259 ail\u0259sinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li m\u0259murlar\u0131n korrupsiyas\u0131 idi
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ran \u0130slam inqilab\u0131ndan 40 il \u00f6td\u00fc. D\u00fcnyada ged\u0259n prosesl\u0259r\u0259 olduqca \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli t\u0259sir ed\u0259n bir hadis\u0259 oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, onu do\u011furan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda yazma\u011f\u0131 q\u0259rara ald\u0131m.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ran milli q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 1953-c\u00fc ilin avqustunda AB\u015e v\u0259 v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya x\u00fcsusi xidm\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n ssenarisi \u0259sas\u0131nda \u015fah t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259zi din xadiml\u0259rinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 devrildi. Bundan sonra t\u0259dric\u0259n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah P\u0259hl\u0259vinin \u015f\u0259xsi diktaturas\u0131 formala\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc sekulyar m\u00fcxalif\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 repressiyalar ba\u015f verir. 1957-ci ild\u0259 yarad\u0131lan SAVAK (Sazman-e Ettela’at va Amniyat-e Ke\u015fvar (D\u00f6vl\u0259t informasiya v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik xidm\u0259ti) adl\u0131 gizli polis t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1960-c\u0131 ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fah “A\u011f inqilab” (y\u0259ni, qans\u0131z inqilab) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiyi islahatlar proqram\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. 1963-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 26-da ke\u00e7iril\u0259n referendumda se\u00e7icil\u0259r\u0259 6 madd\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t islahatlar proqram\u0131n\u0131n lehin\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u0259leyhin\u0259 s\u0259s verm\u0259k t\u0259klif olunurdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1. Torpaq islahat\u0131.
\n
\n 2. Me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 otlaqlar\u0131n millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si.
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\n 3. D\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si.
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\n 4. \u0130\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin aksiyalar\u0131na yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k h\u00fcququ.
\n
\n 5. Qad\u0131nlara se\u00e7ib-se\u00e7ilm\u0259k h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259si.
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\n 6. Savads\u0131zl\u0131qla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn “Maarif korpusu”nun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dini v\u0259 siyasi m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin boykot etdiyi referendumda r\u0259smi r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 6,1 milyon se\u00e7icinin 5,6 milyonu i\u015ftirak etdi v\u0259 onlar\u0131n dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131 (4115 s\u0259s istisna olmaqla) lehin\u0259 s\u0259s verdi. Sonralar islahatlar paketi 19 madd\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t oldu v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox sah\u0259ni \u0259hat\u0259 etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n “A\u011f inqilab” kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r maraql\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259li, ayr\u0131ca bir v\u0259 ya bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259 yaz\u0131lacaq m\u00f6vzudur. Burada onun b\u0259zi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri yaln\u0131z s\u0259thi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259svir olunacaq. \u00c7\u00fcnki bunsuz \u0130slam inqilab\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini tam anlamaq olmur.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130slahatlar\u0131n ilk effektl\u0259rind\u0259n biri ay\u0259tulla Ruhulla Xomeyninin siyasi karyeras\u0131n\u0131n parlamas\u0131d\u0131r. O, x\u00fcsus\u0259n torpaq islahat\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 qad\u0131nlara s\u0259s h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259sini k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid edir. 1963-c\u00fc il iyunun 3-d\u0259 A\u015fura g\u00fcn\u00fc Qum \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 etdiyi v\u0259 \u015fah\u0131 Yezidl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259l\u0259ndirdiyi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f x\u00fcsusil\u0259 k\u0259skin idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\u0130ran
\n \u0130ran inqilab\u0131
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 iyunun 5-\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n gec\u0259 Xomeyni h\u0259bs edildi. S\u0259h\u0259risi t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 buna “15 xordad \u00fcsyan\u0131” (xordad \u0130randa t\u0259tbiq olunan hicri-\u015f\u0259msi t\u0259qvimind\u0259 ayd\u0131r, 22 may – 21 iyun g\u00fcnl\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 edir) alacaq k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 etirazlar\u0131 il\u0259 cavab verdil\u0259r. H\u00f6kum\u0259t Tehran v\u0259 \u015eirazda h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan etdi, a\u00e7\u0131lan at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 86, \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 400-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r insan h\u0259lak oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avqustun 5-d\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6y\u00fck ay\u0259tulla – \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259dari, G\u00fclpeyqani v\u0259 Milani fitva ver\u0259r\u0259k Xomeynini m\u0259rceyi-t\u0259qlid kimi tan\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdil\u0259r. \u0130ran Konstitusiyas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 m\u0259rceyi-t\u0259qlid h\u00fcquqi immunitet\u0259 malik idi, onu h\u0259bs v\u0259 m\u00fchakim\u0259 etm\u0259k olmazd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bel\u0259 olduqda, hakimiyy\u0259t bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra Xomeyninin h\u0259bsini ev dustaql\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z etdi. 1964-c\u00fc ilin aprelind\u0259 is\u0259 tam azad ed\u0259r\u0259k Qum \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131tmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verildi. Lakin t\u0259nqidi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ara verm\u0259diyini g\u00f6rd\u00fckd\u0259 oktyabr ay\u0131nda \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etdil\u0259r. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Bursa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan Xomeyni daha sonra \u0130raq\u0131n N\u0259c\u0259f \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n A\u011f inqilab\u0131n bir s\u0131ra m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri oldu. Savads\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n say\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7arpacaq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azald\u0131, u\u015faq ba\u011f\u00e7alar\u0131ndan universitetl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259nl\u0259rin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n xaricd\u0259 ali t\u0259hsil alanlar\u0131n say\u0131 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 art\u0131r. U\u015faq ba\u011f\u00e7as\u0131ndan 14 ya\u015fl\u0131 \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t hesab\u0131na pulsuz yem\u0259kl\u0259 t\u0259min olunurdular.\n<\/p>\n

\n Pulsuz m\u0259cburi s\u0259kkizillik t\u0259hsil t\u0259tbiq edildi. T\u0259hsil daha d\u00fcny\u0259vi xarakter al\u0131r. T\u0259hsilli g\u0259ncl\u0259r h\u0259rbi xidm\u0259t \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 “Maarif korpusu”una c\u0259lb olunurdular. Onlar 4 ayl\u0131q haz\u0131rl\u0131q ke\u00e7ir, daha sonra is\u0259 14 ay m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259drisl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdular.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qad\u0131nlar se\u00e7ib-se\u00e7ilm\u0259k h\u00fcququ qazand\u0131lar, tezlikl\u0259 \u0130ran parlamentind\u0259 t\u0259msil olundular. Onlar \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 v\u0259kil, bir q\u0259d\u0259r sonra is\u0259 h\u0259tta hakim v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri tutdular. Nikah ya\u015flar\u0131 15-\u0259 qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1968-ci ild\u0259 \u0130randa ilk qad\u0131n nazir oldu – F\u0259rruhru Parsa t\u0259hsil naziri v\u0259zif\u0259sini tutdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yeni avtomobil v\u0259 d\u0259mir yollar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kildi, hava v\u0259 d\u0259niz limanlar\u0131 sal\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130slahatlar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonrak\u0131 10 ild\u0259 \u00dcDM 3,6 d\u0259f\u0259 artd\u0131. Qara v\u0259 r\u0259ngli metallurgiya, ma\u015f\u0131nqay\u0131rma, kimya s\u0259nayesi v\u0259 dig\u0259r yeni s\u0259naye sah\u0259l\u0259ri meydana g\u0259ldi. 1956-c\u0131 ild\u0259 20 milyon olan \u0259halinin say\u0131 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 34 milyona \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1973-c\u00fc il \u0259r\u0259b-\u0130srail m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra neft qiym\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin k\u0259skin artmas\u0131 (iki il \u0259rzind\u0259 neft g\u0259lirl\u0259ri 10 d\u0259f\u0259 artd\u0131) M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah\u0131n h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rini daha da b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr. O, \u00f6lk\u0259sini “Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqin Yaponiyas\u0131”na \u00e7evirm\u0259kd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n gerid\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015f feodal d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259n qabaq\u00e7\u0131l s\u0259naye \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sini h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130qtisadiyyat is\u0259 bel\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259sk\u0259nliyi sevmir. H\u0259r \u015fey maliyy\u0259 il\u0259 h\u0259ll olunmur. \u0130qtisadi y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015f m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q v\u0259 zaman t\u0259l\u0259b edir. S\u0259thi bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 g\u0259tirs\u0259k, zavod tikm\u0259zd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 onu elektrikl\u0259 t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259k stansiya laz\u0131md\u0131r, ixtisasl\u0131 f\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r yeti\u015fdirm\u0259k, istehsal olunacaq m\u0259hsul \u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bazar tapmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n A\u011f inqilab\u0131n onur\u011fa s\u00fctunu torpaq islahat\u0131 idi. Bununla \u015fah \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin torpaqla t\u0259min olunmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131 \u00f6z hakimiyy\u0259tinin daya\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evirm\u0259yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Lakin reall\u0131da bunun \u0259ksi ba\u015f verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ri torpaq sahibl\u0259rind\u0259n sat\u0131n al\u0131nan \u0259razil\u0259r bazar qiym\u0259tind\u0259n 30% ucuz v\u0259 25 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 faizl\u0259rl\u0259 kredit vasit\u0259sil\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 verilirdi. \u00d6zl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi olan bu add\u0131m b\u0259zi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n u\u011fursuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u00e7ar oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli hiss\u0259si t\u0259ss\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259qil idar\u0259 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259dil\u0259r v\u0259 tezlikl\u0259 m\u00fcflis oldular. Onlar paylar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n torpa\u011f\u0131 sataraq b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 paytaxt Tehrana \u00fcz tutdular. Burada daimi i\u015fi olmayan l\u00fcmpen-proletariata \u00e7evrildil\u0259r v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k inqilab\u0131n \u0259sas q\u00fcvv\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil etdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259c\u0259, \u015fah\u0131n daya\u011f\u0131 olacaq t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 \u0259leyhdar\u0131na \u00e7evrildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n 1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fah bir s\u0131ra qeyri-populyar, \u00f6z ziyan\u0131na i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k add\u0131mlar at\u0131r. Bunlardan biri 1971-ci ilin 12-16 oktyabr tarixl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130ran monarxiyas\u0131n\u0131n 2500 illiyin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunan m\u0259rasim idi. \u018fsas\u0259n \u018fh\u0259m\u0259nil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin paytaxt\u0131 olmu\u015f Persepol \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n bu m\u0259rasim g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yadda qald\u0131.
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\n Sad\u0259c\u0259 b\u0259zi r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259ri a\u00e7\u0131qlamaq yet\u0259rlidir: 0,65 kv km \u0259razid\u0259 50 \u00e7ad\u0131rdan ibar\u0259t \u00e7ad\u0131r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rciyi sal\u0131nd\u0131. He\u00e7 k\u0259sin ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 xeyli a\u011faclar \u0259kildi. Avropadan 50 min oxuyan qu\u015f g\u0259tirildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n G\u0259l\u0259n qonaqlar\u0131 \u015eiraz hava liman\u0131ndan Persepola aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 250 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u201cMercedes\u201d limuzini ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Hava liman\u0131 t\u0259mir edildi, Persepola ged\u0259n yol yenid\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kildi.
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\n Parisin m\u0259\u015fhur v\u0259 bahal\u0131 \u201cMaxim’s\u201d restoran\u0131 bu ziyaf\u0259tl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq iki h\u0259ft\u0259 ba\u011flan\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn hey\u0259ti \u0130rana g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k qonaqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yem\u0259k-i\u00e7m\u0259k t\u0259\u015fkili il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful oldular.
\n
\n M\u0259rasimin \u0259sas ziyaf\u0259ti oktyabr\u0131n 14-n\u0259, \u015fahbanu F\u0259r\u0259hin do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri 69×24 metr olan b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7ad\u0131rdak\u0131 ziyaf\u0259td\u0259 60 h\u00f6kmdar, d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olmaqla \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 600 n\u0259f\u0259r i\u015ftirak edirdi. AB\u015e-\u0131 vitse-prezident Spiro Aqnyu, SSR\u0130-ni is\u0259 Ali Sovetin s\u0259dri Nikolay Podqorn\u0131y t\u0259msil edirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130lk tost 1959-cu il Dom Perignon Rose \u015f\u0259rab\u0131 il\u0259 qald\u0131r\u0131lan ziyaf\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u00fcr yem\u0259kl\u0259r verildi. X\u0259z\u0259rin xeyli qara k\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc istifad\u0259 edildi, h\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ndi, \u015fah \u00f6z\u00fc yemirdi, \u00e7\u00fcnki k\u00fcr\u00fcy\u0259 allergiyas\u0131 vard\u0131. Qonaql\u0131q be\u015f saat yar\u0131m davam etdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n \u00fcz\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259n bahal\u0131 ziyaf\u0259t kimi Ginnesin rekordlar kitab\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n R\u0259smi m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 22 milyon dollar pul x\u0259rcl\u0259nmi\u015fdi. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n qiym\u0259tin\u0259 nisb\u0259tini g\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u0259k, dollar indikind\u0259n az qala 40 d\u0259f\u0259 baha idi (1971-ci ild\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n unsiyas\u0131 35 dollar idi, bu s\u0259tirl\u0259ri yazark\u0259n is\u0259 1317 dollard\u0131r).<\/p>\n

M\u00fcxalif\u0259t is\u0259 Xomeyninin “\u0130blis bayram\u0131” adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259dbir\u0259 r\u0259smi r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259n 10 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ox pul x\u0259rcl\u0259ndiyini iddia edirdi. Xeyli sosial probleml\u0259ri olan bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r pulun ziyaf\u0259t\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259nm\u0259si, ayd\u0131n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir ki, \u015fah\u0131n lehin\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\u0130ran
\n \u0130ran inqilab\u0131
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n ***<\/p>\n

1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n \u0259sas \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rind\u0259n biri h\u0259rbi x\u0259rcl\u0259rin k\u0259skin art\u0131m\u0131 idi, baxmayaraq ki, h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin x\u00fcsusi bir d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni yox idi. \u015eah \u0130ran\u0131 regionun h\u0259rbi f\u00f6vq\u0259ld\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k arzusunda idi.<\/p>\n

1960-ci ill\u0259rin sonu il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 1977-ci ild\u0259 h\u0259rbi x\u0259rcl\u0259r 20 d\u0259f\u0259 artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. B\u0259zi ill\u0259rd\u0259 bu x\u0259rcl\u0259r b\u00fcdc\u0259nin 30%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. H\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin say\u0131 inqilab \u00f6nc\u0259si 415 min\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eah Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 AB\u015e-dan \u0259n son h\u0259rbi texnikan\u0131 al\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259tta deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, b\u0259zi h\u0259rbi t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259r AB\u015e-\u0131n \u00f6z ordusundan daha \u0259vv\u0259l \u0130ran ordusunda olurdu.<\/p>\n

1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u0130ran v\u0259 AB\u015e aras\u0131nda 13 milyard dollar h\u0259cmind\u0259 “silah-neft” m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzaland\u0131. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, AB\u015e \u0130rana g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 h\u0259rbi sursat ver\u0259c\u0259k, \u0259v\u0259zini is\u0259 neftl\u0259 alacaqd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Lakin bu h\u0259rbi texnika il\u0259 davranmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259nin yet\u0259rinc\u0259 ixtisasl\u0131 h\u0259rb\u00e7isi yox idi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 yen\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n AB\u015e-dan h\u0259rbi m\u00fc\u015favirl\u0259r g\u0259tirm\u0259k laz\u0131m olurdu. \u015eah hakimiyy\u0259tinin sonlar\u0131nda onlar\u0131n say\u0131 40 min\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n istehsal etdiyi \u201c\u00c7iften\u201d tanklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 da \u0130ran idi. \u015eah ordusunda h\u0259min tanklar\u0131n say\u0131 (896) h\u0259tta Britaniya ordusundak\u0131ndan \u00e7ox idi. Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130ran \u00f6z h\u0259rbi q\u00fcdr\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n be\u015finci \u00f6lk\u0259si hesab olunurdu.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 sevil\u0259n \u201cGelandevagen\u201d avtomobili m\u0259hz M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259rbi n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259si kimi sifari\u015f verilmi\u015fdi. Lakin avtomobill\u0259r haz\u0131r olana q\u0259d\u0259r monarxiya devrildi. Sifari\u015fin \u201cMercedes\u201d firmas\u0131na verilm\u0259si d\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildi: \u015fah burada s\u0259hml\u0259r\u0259 malik idi.<\/p>\n

Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, \u0130randa naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u015fah v\u0259 ail\u0259sinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li m\u0259murlar\u0131n korrupsiyas\u0131 idi. Q\u0259rb m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130randak\u0131 korrupsiyan\u0131 “misilsiz” kimi t\u0259qdim edirl\u0259r. Amma m\u0259n bir Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131 olaraq bu ifad\u0259ni i\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m.<\/p>\n

\u015eah\u0131n yax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almadan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir biznesl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi. Raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 ya r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verilm\u0259li, ya da ki, h\u0259min biznesd\u0259 ortaql\u0131q t\u0259klif olunmal\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n \u0259kiz bac\u0131s\u0131 \u018f\u015fr\u0259fin ad\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 hallan\u0131rd\u0131. O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn Q\u0259rb m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u015fah v\u0259 ail\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259xsi varidat\u0131n\u0131 5 milyard dollardan 20 milyard ollara q\u0259d\u0259r qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. Ail\u0259 17 bankda, 25 metallurgiya zavodunda, 10 in\u015faat v\u0259 8 da\u011f-m\u0259d\u0259n \u015firk\u0259tind\u0259, 26 ticar\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259sind\u0259 paya malik idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran x\u00fcsusi xidm\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n general\u0131, \u015fahla yax\u0131n m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik olan H\u00fcseyn Fardust sonralar xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, korrupsiya c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n x\u00fcsusil\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n m\u0259murlar bar\u0259d\u0259 informasiyaya \u015fah\u0131n reaksiya verm\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u0259nirdi. Lakin sonralar anlay\u0131r ki, bu informasiyadan \u015fah h\u0259min m\u0259murlar\u0131 ita\u0259td\u0259 saxlamaq v\u0259 loyall\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n

***
\n
\n 1975-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0130randa faktiki olaraq ikipartiyal\u0131 sistem m\u00f6vcud idi. Hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Yeni \u0130ran Partiyas\u0131 idi, ona opponentliyi is\u0259 Xalq Partiyas\u0131 edirdi. Bel\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t \u015faha v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k, ehtiyac yaranarsa, hakim partiyan\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k v\u0259 u\u011fursuzluqlar\u0131n g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 ataraq naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131 s\u0259ngitm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verirdi.<\/p>\n

Lakin 1975-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 sistem\u0259 ke\u00e7id edildi. B\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi partiyalar qada\u011fan olundu, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 R\u0259staxiz (Dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015f) Partiyas\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130nsanlar ucdantutma bu partiyaya \u00fczv olma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edilirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131q 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 R\u0259staxiz \u00fczvl\u0259rinin say\u0131 5 milyona \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0259ni \u0259halinin h\u0259r 7 n\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259n biri partiya \u00fczv\u00fc idi. Bu g\u00f6st\u0259rici SSR\u0130-d\u0259 art\u0131q 60 il hakim olan Kommunist Partiyas\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259yirdi.<\/p>\n

\u015eah\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi islahatlar say\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259hsilli insanlar\u0131n say\u0131 xeyli artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130ndi onlar \u00f6lk\u0259nin bel\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259t rejimi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259y\u0259nmir, \u015fah\u0131n m\u00fcxalif\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilirdil\u0259r.
\n
\n K\u00fclli miqdarda d\u00f6vl\u0259t x\u0259rcl\u0259ri inflyasiyan\u0131n artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. 1977-ci ild\u0259 inflyasiya 24,9%-\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131. Bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcraci\u0259t edil\u0259n q\u0259na\u0259t rejimi say\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 i\u015fsizl\u0259rin say\u0131 artd\u0131 v\u0259 naraz\u0131l\u0131q bir az da \u00e7oxald\u0131.<\/p>\n

1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u015fah daha bir z\u0259r\u0259rli islahata \u0259l atd\u0131. \u0130ran kimi dindar bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan hicri-\u015f\u0259msi t\u0259qvimi \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 “\u015eah\u0259n\u015fahi” deyil\u0259n t\u0259qvim t\u0259tbiq edildi. Bu t\u0259qvim \u018fh\u0259m\u0259ni h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Kirin e.\u0259. 559-cu ild\u0259 taxta \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. Mart\u0131n 21-d\u0259 \u0130ran hicri-\u015f\u0259msi 1355-ci ild\u0259n \u015fah\u0259n\u015fahi 2535-ci il\u0259 adlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dem\u0259k art\u0131qd\u0131r ki, bu yenilik dindarlar\u0131n k\u0259skin naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. \u018fslind\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t onu tamamil\u0259 inkar etdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1978-ci ilin iyununda m\u00fcxalif\u0259t\u00e7i Milli C\u0259bh\u0259nin \u00fc\u00e7 lideri – \u015eapur B\u0259xtiyar, K\u0259rim S\u0259ncabi v\u0259 Dariu\u015f Forouhar \u015faha islahatlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259klifl\u0259rini yazark\u0259n onun alt\u0131nda tarixi n\u00fcmayi\u015fkaran\u0259 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 hicri-\u015f\u0259msi t\u0259qvimi il\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

***
\n
\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130randa naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar eksponensial \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 artsa da, \u0259sas\u0259n gizli gedir v\u0259 ilk bax\u0131\u015fda hiss olunmurdu. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, 1977-ci ilin sonlar\u0131nda \u0130rana g\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259 yeni ili burada qar\u015f\u0131layan AB\u015e prezidenti Cimmi Karter \u0130ran\u0131 olduqca g\u0259rgin regionda “sabitlik adas\u0131” adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

C\u0259mi 8 g\u00fcn sonra is\u0259 \u0130ran inqilab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lan ilk etiraz aksiyas\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130randa naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u015fah v\u0259 ail\u0259sinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li m\u0259murlar\u0131n korrupsiyas\u0131 idi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":117816,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-193995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130ran: inqilab \u00f6nc\u0259si - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/iran-inqilab-oncesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130ran: inqilab \u00f6nc\u0259si - 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