\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Adan\u0131n ki\u00e7ik d\u0259 olsa bir hiss\u0259sinin Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 qalmas\u0131ndan irlandlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259mnun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k olmazd\u0131. Bu \u0259razil\u0259rin d\u0259 \u0130rlandiya Respublikas\u0131na qat\u0131lmas\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 davam edirdi v\u0259 bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin \u0259sas t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 \u0130RA idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Onu da vur\u011fulamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, ill\u0259r \u00f6td\u00fckc\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyada katolik \u0259halinin say\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n onlar\u0131n daha \u00e7ox k\u0259nd yerl\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015famalar\u0131 il\u0259, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n d\u0259 katolisizmin bo\u015fanma v\u0259 aborta q\u0259ti qada\u011fas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyadak\u0131 konflikt daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Katolikl\u0259r bir \u00e7ox sah\u0259d\u0259 – i\u015f\u0259 q\u0259bul (x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131nda), m\u0259nzil b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc v\u0259 s. – ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalmalar\u0131na etiraz edirl\u0259r.
\n
\n Protetant \u00e7oxluq bu etirazlara “Olster loyalistl\u0259ri”, “Nar\u0131nc\u0131 orden”, “Olster k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri” kimi yar\u0131mh\u0259rbi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar yaratmaqla v\u0259 katolikl\u0259r\u0259 h\u00fccumlarla cavab verir.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130RA is\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 haz\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr v\u0259 passiv davran\u0131r. Daha radikal m\u00fcbariz\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti \u0130rlandiya Respublika Ordusu deyil\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilat yarad\u0131rlar. Bundan sonra m\u0259qal\u0259mizd\u0259 \u0130RA deyil\u0259nd\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti \u0130RA n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulacaq.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qar\u015f\u0131durman\u0131n g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 qurbanlar\u0131n artmas\u0131 Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259tini 1969-cu ilin avqustunda Belfast v\u0259 Derri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 qo\u015fun hiss\u0259l\u0259ri yeritm\u0259y\u0259 vadar edir. Katolikl\u0259rin \u00e7oxu bu add\u0131m\u0131 alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131rlar, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin bit\u0259r\u0259f m\u00f6vqe tutaca\u011f\u0131na \u00fcmid edirl\u0259r. Amma bu \u00fcmidl\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frultmur.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1971-ci ilin avqustun 9-11-d\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Belfastda para\u015f\u00fct polkunun a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 11 katolik \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 1972-ci il yanvar\u0131n 30-da is\u0259 Derri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 “Qanl\u0131 bazar g\u00fcn\u00fc” ad\u0131n\u0131 alan hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Dinc n\u00fcmayi\u015fin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259s\u0259n para\u015f\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r onlara qar\u015f\u0131 rezin g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259r, CS qaz\u0131 v\u0259 su \u015f\u0131rnaqlar\u0131 t\u0259tbiq etdil\u0259r. N\u00fcmayi\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r buna da\u015f atmaqla cavab verdikd\u0259, h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ril\u0259 at\u0259\u015f a\u00e7d\u0131lar. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 14 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Onlardan be\u015fi h\u0259ddi-bulu\u011fa \u00e7atmayan yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259r idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sonra \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyada v\u0259ziyy\u0259t xeyli g\u0259rginl\u0259\u015fdi. \u0130rlandiya Respublikas\u0131nda is\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259n\u0259n insanlar Britaniya s\u0259firliyin\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259r\u0259k binaya od vurdular. \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyada k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 toqqu\u015fmalar\u0131, terror aktlar\u0131 intensivl\u0259\u015fdi. \u00dcmum\u0259n 1972-1975-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyada 475 adam h\u0259lak oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 1972-ci ild\u0259 \u0130RA il\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259bsxanalardak\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilat \u00fczvl\u0259rin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi status (Special Category Status – SCS) tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Bu, \u0259slind\u0259 “h\u0259rbi \u0259sir” statusuna b\u0259rab\u0259r idi v\u0259 \u0130RA \u00fczvl\u0259rin\u0259 Cenevr\u0259 konvensiyas\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan imtiyazlar\u0131 \u015famil edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Onlar h\u0259bsxana paltar\u0131 geyinmir, ba\u015fqa dustaqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259cburi olan g\u00fcnd\u0259lik i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mirdil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, dustaqlar m\u0259d\u0259ni-k\u00fctl\u0259vi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r d\u0259 ke\u00e7irirdil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ana dill\u0259rini bilm\u0259y\u0259n dustaqlara irland dili \u00f6yr\u0259dilirdi. B\u0259z\u0259n is\u0259 bu t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyan\u0131n azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259r oxunur, partizan v\u0259 gerilya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin qaydalar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259dilirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Lakin bel\u0259 status-kvo \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259km\u0259di. 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiya i\u015fl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 nazir Merlin Ris bildirdi ki, mart\u0131n 1-d\u0259n sonra t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259hkum olunan dustaqlara SCS \u015famil edilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 onlar adi cinay\u0259tkarlara b\u0259rab\u0259r tutulacaqlar. Bu qayda k\u00f6hn\u0259 m\u0259hbuslara aid edilmirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n El\u0259 h\u0259min 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyada yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Meyz h\u0259bsxanas\u0131nda \u0130RA m\u0259hbuslar\u0131n\u0131 saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 8 yeni blok tikildi. Onlar qurulu\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 H h\u0259rfini xat\u0131rlatd\u0131qlar\u0131ndan H-blok ad\u0131 verildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1976-c\u0131 ilin pay\u0131z\u0131nda H-blok ilk m\u0259hkumu q\u0259bul etdi. \u0130RA \u00fczv\u00fc olan Kiran Nagent avtomobil qa\u00e7\u0131rma\u011fa g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259hkum olunmu\u015fdu. H\u0259bsxanada onun paltar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131 v\u0259 dustaq geyimi verildi. Lakin Nagent \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc cinay\u0259tkar hesab etm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k bu geyimd\u0259n imtina etdi v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131lpaq qalmamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yataq adyal\u0131na b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bununla da “adyal etiraz\u0131” adlanan aksiya ba\u015fland\u0131. 1976-c\u0131 ilin sonunda H-blokda dustaq geyimind\u0259n imtina ed\u0259r\u0259k adyala b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u0259n m\u0259hkumlar\u0131n say\u0131 40 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131. 1978-ci ild\u0259 bel\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 300-\u00fc ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Etiraz\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri 5 madd\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1. H\u0259bsxana uniformas\u0131n\u0131 geym\u0259m\u0259k h\u00fcququ;
\n
\n 2. H\u0259bsxana i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmamaq h\u00fcququ;
\n
\n 3. Dig\u0259r m\u0259hbuslarla \u0259laq\u0259 saxlamaq, maarifl\u0259ndirici v\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259li t\u0259dbirl\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ;
\n
\n 4. H\u0259r h\u0259ft\u0259 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, bir m\u0259ktub v\u0259 bir ba\u011flama h\u00fcququ (qaydalara g\u00f6r\u0259 bel\u0259 h\u00fcquq ayda bir d\u0259f\u0259 idi);
\n
\n 5. Etiraz aksiyas\u0131nda i\u015ftiraka g\u00f6r\u0259 itirdikl\u0259ri remissiya h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Son t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 izah edim ki, qaydalar n\u00fcmun\u0259vi davaran\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6r\u0259 dustaqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Bu g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r rejim qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n yum\u015fald\u0131mas\u0131ndan, daha tez-tez g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, m\u0259ktub v\u0259 s. h\u00fcquqlardan tutmu\u015f c\u0259za m\u00fcdd\u0259tinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kdikd\u0259n sonra azadl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131xmaq h\u00fcququnu ehtiva edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Etiraz aksiyas\u0131 is\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, n\u00fcmun\u0259vi davran\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar h\u0259min g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 itirirdil\u0259r. Son t\u0259l\u0259b d\u0259 m\u0259hz bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 idi. Lakin B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin q\u0259bulundan imtina etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n “Adyal etiraz\u0131” il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 irland m\u0259hbuslar “\u00e7irkli etiraz” deyil\u0259n aksiya da ke\u00e7irirdil\u0259r. Onlar \u00e7immir, \u00fczl\u0259rini, sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131rxm\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00dcst\u0259lik \u00f6z ifrazatlar\u0131n\u0131 kameralar\u0131n\u0131n divarlar\u0131na yax\u0131rd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259bsxana \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259madi olaraq x\u00fcsusi vasit\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 silahlanaraq kameralara h\u00fccum edir, m\u0259hkumlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xararaq zorla \u00e7imizdirir, sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 saqqallar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131rx\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu zaman onlarla, yum\u015faq des\u0259k, he\u00e7 d\u0259 k\u00fcbar davran\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Kameralar\u0131n divarlar\u0131 da y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259zyiqli su il\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nirdi. Lakin geri qay\u0131dan dustaqlar h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 yenid\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onlar x\u00fcsus\u0259n s\u0259rt r\u0259ftar ed\u0259n \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 azadl\u0131qdak\u0131 dostlar\u0131na \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. M\u00fcqavim\u0259tin davam etdiyi be\u015f il \u0259rzind\u0259 19 h\u0259bsxana \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 \u0130RA t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n
\n Q\u0259tll\u0259r, terror aktlar\u0131 ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lik d\u0259 davam etdirilir. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda \u0259n \u00e7ox rezonans do\u011furan admiral Luis Mauntbettenin 1979-cu ild\u0259 q\u0259tli oldu. O, ali r\u00fctb\u0259li donanma zabiti olmaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r krali\u00e7a II Yelizavetan\u0131n yax\u0131n qohumu – \u0259rinin \u0259misi idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n D\u00f6rd m\u0259hbus saxlanma \u015f\u0259raiti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Komissiyas\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdil\u0259r (1998-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 birba\u015fa m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r. Onlar eyniadl\u0131 komissiya m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir, \u0259g\u0259r komissiya \u015fikay\u0259ti q\u0259bul ed\u0259rdis\u0259, i\u015f m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilirdi).\n<\/p>\n
\n Lakin komissiya 1980-ci ilin iyununda \u015fikay\u0259ti r\u0259dd etdi v\u0259 m\u00f6vcud v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti dustaqlar\u0131n diqq\u0259t c\u0259lb etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6zl\u0259rinin yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259ldi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Adyal etiraz\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 \u00e7irkli etiraz\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259 verm\u0259diyini g\u00f6r\u0259n m\u0259hbuslar acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131na ba\u015flama\u011f\u0131 q\u0259rara ald\u0131lar. Oktyabr\u0131n 27-d\u0259 ba\u015flayan aksiyada 7 n\u0259f\u0259r i\u015ftirak edirdi. Onlardan alt\u0131s\u0131 \u0130RA, biri is\u0259 1974-c\u00fc ild\u0259 yaranan \u0130rlandiya milli-azadl\u0131q ordusu (\u0130NLA) \u00fczv\u00fc idi. Dekabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 onlara qad\u0131n h\u0259bsxanas\u0131ndan 3 m\u0259hbus da qo\u015fuldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Dekabr\u0131n 18-d\u0259 Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirdi. 53 g\u00fcn davam ed\u0259n, art\u0131q bir i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n komada oldu\u011fu acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131 dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Amma yanvar ay\u0131nda m\u0259lum oldu ki, h\u00f6kum\u0259t c\u0131\u011fall\u0131q edir. Dustaqlar \u00f6z ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri paltarlar\u0131 geyinm\u0259k ist\u0259rk\u0259n, onlara h\u00f6kum\u0259tin se\u00e7diyi m\u00fclki geyim t\u0259klif olundu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bel\u0259 olduqda irlandlar fevral\u0131n 4-d\u0259 verdikl\u0259ri b\u0259yanatda b\u00f6hran\u0131n h\u0259ll olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu i\u015fd\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin m\u00fcq\u0259ssir oldu\u011funu v\u0259 tezlikl\u0259 acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rpa edil\u0259c\u0259yini bildirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Aksiyan\u0131 mart\u0131n 1-d\u0259, ” Special Category Status”un l\u0259\u011fvinin be\u015finci ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 ba\u015flamaq q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu d\u0259f\u0259 aksiyan\u0131n taktikas\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi. \u0130ndi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259r eyni zamanda acl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flamayacaqd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Aksiyan\u0131n m\u00fcdd\u0259tini uzatmaq v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 maksimum t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar biri dig\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra acl\u0131\u011fa qo\u015fulacaqd\u0131. Bu taktika “\u015fahmat qaydas\u0131” adlan\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Mart\u0131n 1-d\u0259 27 ya\u015fl\u0131 Bobbi Sends aksiyaya ba\u015flayan ilk \u015f\u0259xs oldu. Mart\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Frensis Hyuz, daha bir h\u0259ft\u0259 sonra is\u0259 Reymond MakKri\u015f v\u0259 Petsi O’Hara aksiyaya qo\u015fuldular. \u0130lk \u00fc\u00e7 n\u0259f\u0259r \u0130RA, sonuncu is\u0259 \u0130NLA \u00fczv\u00fc idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Aksiyan\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131ndan be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra onun \u00f6n\u0259mini v\u0259 rezonans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran hadis\u0259 ba\u015f verdi. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya parlamentinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 palatas\u0131n\u0131n \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyadan se\u00e7il\u0259n \u00fczv\u00fc Frenk Maqueyr v\u0259fat etdi v\u0259 h\u0259min dair\u0259d\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259nk\u0259nar se\u00e7ki t\u0259yin olundu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Katolik siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sonra q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini par\u00e7alamama\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 Bobbi Sendsin vahid namiz\u0259dliyini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259yi q\u0259rara ald\u0131lar. Aprelin 9-da ba\u015f tutan s\u0259sverm\u0259d\u0259 Sends 30492 s\u0259s toplayaraq protestantlar\u0131n namiz\u0259di Harri Uest\u0259 (29046 s\u0259s) qalib g\u0259ldi v\u0259 parlamentin \u0259n g\u0259nc \u00fczv\u00fc se\u00e7ildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Robert Gerard Sends v\u0259 ya q\u0131saca Bobbi Sends 1972-ci ild\u0259 18 ya\u015f\u0131nda M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti \u0130RA-ya qo\u015fulmu\u015fdu v\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min ilin oktyabr\u0131nda qanunsuz silah saxlama\u011fa g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259bs edilmi\u015fdi. 1976-c\u0131 ild\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131xan Bobbi bir il sonra silahl\u0131 at\u0131\u015fmada i\u015ftirak etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 14 il azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum edilir. \u0130ndi d\u0259 parlamentin \u00fczv\u00fc se\u00e7ilirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furla n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 \u00fcmidi art\u0131rd\u0131. Ax\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259t parlament \u00fczv\u00fcn\u00fcn acl\u0131qdan \u00f6lm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, Sendsin yeni statusu aksiyaya beyn\u0259lxalq diqq\u0259ti art\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Amma 1979-cu ild\u0259n Marqaret Tet\u00e7erin r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi h\u00f6kum\u0259tin m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklik ba\u015f verm\u0259di. \u015eimali \u0130rlandiya i\u015fl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 nazir Hamfri Atkins “\u018fg\u0259r c\u0259nab Sends \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 intiharla yekunla\u015fd\u0131rmaqda israr edirs\u0259, bu onun se\u00e7imidir” s\u00f6yl\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcxt\u0259lif vasit\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin – katolikl\u0259rin ali dini r\u0259hb\u0259ri Roma papas\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsi n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259sinin, Avropa insan haqlar\u0131 komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rinin v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n Bobbi Sendsl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259k onu acl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dayand\u0131rma\u011fa inand\u0131rmaq c\u0259hdl\u0259ri u\u011fursuz oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Aprel ay\u0131nda h\u00f6kum\u0259tin g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 ged\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 \u00fcmidl\u0259r oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131na yeni qo\u015fulanlar olmad\u0131. Amma bu \u00fcmidl\u0259r bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. May\u0131n 5-d\u0259, acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131na ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan 66 g\u00fcn sonra Bobbi Sends v\u0259fat etdi. Bu hadis\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyada v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti xeyli g\u0259rginl\u0259\u015fdirdi, katolik-protestant toqqu\u015fmalar\u0131 v\u00fcs\u0259t ald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ba\u015f nazir Marqaret Tet\u00e7er hadis\u0259y\u0259 bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259rh verdi: “C\u0259nab Sends m\u0259hkum olunmu\u015f cinay\u0259tkar idi. \u00d6, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k ist\u0259di. Bu onun t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z qurbanlar\u0131na (y\u0259ni, \u0130RA teraktlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 – Y.S.) tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7im h\u00fcququ idi”.\n<\/p>\n
\n Xristianl\u0131qda intihar a\u011f\u0131r g\u00fcnah say\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 bel\u0259 halda ke\u015fi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259fn zaman\u0131 i\u015ftirak v\u0259 dini rituallar\u0131n icras\u0131 qada\u011fan edilir. Yaln\u0131z ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131 xilas etm\u0259k v\u0259 dig\u0259r ali m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r namin\u0259 \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 qurban ver\u0259rs\u0259, bu intihar deyil, f\u0259dakarl\u0131q say\u0131l\u0131r. Katolik kils\u0259si d\u0259 Bobbi Sendsi intihar\u00e7\u0131 yox, ali m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r namin\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qurban ver\u0259n f\u0259dakar sayd\u0131 v\u0259 din xadiml\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259fnind\u0259 i\u015ftiraka icaz\u0259 verdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya parlamentinin \u00fczv\u00fc olan, lakin he\u00e7 bir iclas\u0131nda i\u015ftirak etm\u0259y\u0259 macal tapmayan Bobbi Sendsin may\u0131n 7-d\u0259 Belfastdak\u0131 d\u0259fnind\u0259 100 mind\u0259n art\u0131q irlandiyal\u0131 i\u015ftirak etdi. Avropa v\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u0259leyhin\u0259 aksiyalar ke\u00e7irildi, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n bayra\u011f\u0131 yand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Sendsin v\u0259fat\u0131ndan sonra \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 parlamentinin q\u0259bul etdiyi qanuna \u0259sas\u0259n c\u0259za m\u00fcdd\u0259tinin bitm\u0259sin\u0259 1 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox qalan dustaqlar se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 namiz\u0259dlikl\u0259rini ver\u0259 v\u0259 parlament \u00fczv\u00fc se\u00e7il\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ba\u015fqa irland m\u0259hkumun Sendsin yerin\u0259 se\u00e7ilm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bobbi Sendsl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 aksiyaya ba\u015flayan dig\u0259r 3 n\u0259f\u0259r d\u0259 may ay\u0131nda v\u0259fat etdil\u0259r. Frensis Hyuz may\u0131n 12-d\u0259 acl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 59-cu g\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259fat etdi. Mart\u0131n 22-d\u0259 eyni g\u00fcnd\u0259 acl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flayan Reymond MakKri\u015f v\u0259 Petsi O’Hara el\u0259 eyni g\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 v\u0259fat etdil\u0259r – may\u0131n 22-d\u0259. Bu zaman onlar\u0131n acl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan 61 g\u00fcn ke\u00e7irdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Lakin bu qurbanlarla acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131 dayanmad\u0131. May ay\u0131nda ba\u015fqa 5 n\u0259f\u0259r aksiyaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, sentyabr\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kimi aksiyaya 23 n\u0259f\u0259r qo\u015fuldu. Onlardan yeddisi \u0130RA, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc \u0130NLA \u00fczv\u00fc olmaqla 10 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259lak oldu. Onlar\u0131n \u0259n g\u0259nci 23, \u0259n ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Yerd\u0259 qalan 13 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ikisi k\u0259skin a\u011fr\u0131lar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n aksiyan\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131lar. 4 n\u0259f\u0259r hu\u015funu itirdikd\u0259n sonra ail\u0259sinin raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 s\u00fcni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qidaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu zaman onlardan biri, haz\u0131rda B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya parlamentinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 palatas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc olan Lourens MakKyoun art\u0131q 70-ci g\u00fcn idi ki, acl\u0131q edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bir n\u0259f\u0259r ail\u0259sinin eyni se\u00e7im ed\u0259c\u0259yi x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sonra acl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131. Dig\u0259r 6 n\u0259f\u0259r is\u0259 oktyabr\u0131n 3-d\u0259 acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131n\u0131n bitm\u0259si elan\u0131ndan sonra saat 15.15-d\u0259 acl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Sentyabr\u0131n 14-d\u0259 Hamfri Atkinsin yerin\u0259 Ceyms Prior \u015eimali \u0130rlandiya i\u015fl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 nazir t\u0259yin edilmi\u015fdi. Bu d\u0259yi\u015fikliy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin aksiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 siyas\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklik eyham\u0131 kimi baxmaq olard\u0131. Tet\u00e7er h\u00f6kum\u0259ti zahiri s\u0259rtliyini qorusa da v\u0259 “terror\u00e7ularla he\u00e7 bir dan\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa getm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini” s\u00f6yl\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, kulisl\u0259r arxas\u0131nda bel\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131n getdiyi istisna deyil.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan 3 g\u00fcn sonra Ceyms Prior b\u0259yanat ver\u0259r\u0259k b\u0259zi t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirdi. Dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlardan sonra t\u00fcrm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015ftirakdan savay\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r yerin\u0259 yetirildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Lakin irland m\u0259hbuslar onsuz da bu i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmaqdan imtina edirdil\u0259r. \u00dcst\u0259lik, 1983-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Meyz h\u0259bsxanas\u0131ndan qa\u00e7\u0131\u015fdan sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn emalatxanalar ba\u011fland\u0131. Bununla da 5 il davam ed\u0259n m\u00fcqavim\u0259tin b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirildi. Bu zaman r\u0259sm\u0259n onlara he\u00e7 bir x\u00fcsusi status tan\u0131nmad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131n\u0131n davam etdiyi 7 ay \u0259rzind\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyada g\u0259rginlik g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f h\u0259dd\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259ldi. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259ki toqqu\u015fmalarda, h\u00fccumlarda, terror aktlar\u0131nda 34 m\u00fclki \u015f\u0259xs olmaqla 61 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259lak oldu. 1981-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259xmin\u0259n 30 min plastik g\u00fcll\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259tdil\u0259r, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 7 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirdi. M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259k ki, sonrak\u0131 8 il \u0259rzind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 yaln\u0131z 16 min plastik g\u00fcll\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dildi v\u0259 4 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259lak oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130rland respublika\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f nazir Marqaret Tet\u00e7er\u0259 nifr\u0259ti maniakal \u015f\u0259kil ald\u0131. 1984-c\u00fc il oktyabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259karlar partiyas\u0131n\u0131n qurultay\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7irildiyi Brayton Qrand oteld\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n partlay\u0131\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 5 n\u0259f\u0259r h\u0259lak oldu, 34 n\u0259f\u0259r yaraland\u0131. Lakin Tet\u00e7er x\u0259sar\u0259t almad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n \u015eimali \u0130rlandiya konfliktinin 1998-ci il aprelin 10-da imzalanan Belfast raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra bitdiyi q\u0259bul olunur. Raz\u0131la\u015fma \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyan\u0131n statusunu v\u0259 idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131, \u015eimali \u0130rlandiya v\u0259 \u0130rlandiya respublikas\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri, n\u0259hay\u0259t, \u0130rlandiya Respublikas\u0131 il\u0259 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f krall\u0131q aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259nziml\u0259yirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u015eimali \u0130rlandiya parlamentinin v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin (h\u0259r iki m\u0259zh\u0259bin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 olmaqla 12 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t) yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu. \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyaya \u0259razi iddias\u0131ndan \u0259l \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n \u0130rlandiya respublikas\u0131 onunla ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7i statusu qazan\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Belfast raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0131ra maraql\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri var idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, qeyd olunurdu ki, \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyan\u0131n \u0259halisinin \u00e7oxu B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 qalmaq ist\u0259yir. Eyni zamanda h\u0259min \u0259halinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130rlandiya adas\u0131 \u0259halisinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 h\u0259r iki ist\u0259k qanuni say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u015eimali \u0130rlandiya \u0259halisinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti n\u0259 vaxtsa \u0130rlandiyaya respublikas\u0131na birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259s ver\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri t\u0259qdird\u0259 Britaniya v\u0259 \u0130rlandiya h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259ri bu se\u00e7imi h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 borclu idil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Konfliktin i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olan h\u0259rbil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f t\u0259\u015fkilatlar iki il \u0259rzind\u0259 silahlar\u0131 yer\u0259 qoymal\u0131, B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259ti is\u0259 \u0259razid\u0259ki h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini “normal h\u0259dd”\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r azaltmal\u0131 idi. Belfast m\u00fcqavil\u0259si h\u0259bsd\u0259ki dustaqlar\u0131n azad edilm\u0259sini d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Raz\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7m\u0259si he\u00e7 d\u0259 r\u0259van ba\u015fa g\u0259lm\u0259di v\u0259 qoyulan vaxtlara h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l olunmad\u0131. Bununla bel\u0259, prosesin dinc m\u0259craya y\u00f6n\u0259lm\u0259si qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131al\u0131nmaz \u015f\u0259kil ald\u0131. Art\u0131q ictimai fikir d\u0259 s\u00fclh t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi v\u0259 bunu pozan t\u0259\u015fkilat \u0259vv\u0259lki ill\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq \u0259halinin d\u0259st\u0259yin\u0259 \u00fcmid ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Belfast raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 \u015eimali \u0130rlandiyaya \u0130rlandiya Respublikas\u0131 il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri olan B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n muxtar \u0259razsisi kimi status qazand\u0131rd\u0131. Haz\u0131rda Avropa birliyind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259sas probleml\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 iki \u0130rlandiyan\u0131n qanunla n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rini pozmamaqdan ibar\u0259tdir.\n<\/p>\n \n ***\n<\/p>\n \n Bobbi Sends v\u0259 \u0259qid\u0259da\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada geni\u015f rezonans do\u011furdu. \u0130ndi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 onlar\u0131n ad\u0131 veril\u0259n obyektl\u0259r\u0259, \u015f\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 ucald\u0131lan abid\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olar. Ancaq \u0259n maraql\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r \u0130randa ba\u015f verdi.\n<\/p>\n \n \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya s\u0259firliyinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r Uinston \u00c7\u00f6r\u00e7illin ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259y\u0259 Bobbi Sendsin ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Bu is\u0259 o dem\u0259k idi ki, s\u0259firliyin \u00fcnvan\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n blanklarda Sendsin ad\u0131 \u0259ks olunacaqd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n \n Bu arzuolunmaz v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n qa\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Britaniya s\u0259firliyi giri\u015f qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259firlik binas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ks t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qoydu. Bura art\u0131q Firdovsi xiyaban\u0131 idi v\u0259 iranl\u0131lar onun ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yi \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 r\u0259va g\u00f6r\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n \n Sonda acl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131nda h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itir\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin siyah\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim edirik.\n<\/p>\n XII \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ingilisl\u0259r \u0130rlandiyada ged\u0259n daxili \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k adaya m\u00fcdaxil\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":116475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-193656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n