\n 1950-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259v\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130randa olduqca maraql\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdi. Bu hadis\u0259l\u0259rin do\u011furdu\u011fu n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r, t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadak\u0131 prosesl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli t\u0259siri onillikl\u0259r sonra m\u0259lum olacaq. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu hadis\u0259l\u0259rin k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259 duran amil \u0130ran nefti idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n 1901-ci ild\u0259 ingilis biznesmen Uilyam D\u2019Arsi \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131 M\u00fcz\u0259ff\u0259r\u0259ddin Qacarla neft axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalad\u0131. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, 20 min funt-sterlinq (indiki kursla: 2 milyon) \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 D\u2019Arsi \u0130ran \u0259razisinin 75%-d\u0259 v\u0259 60 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tin\u0259 neft axtarmaq h\u00fcququ ver\u0259n konsessiya \u0259ld\u0259 etdi. Neft tap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda onun sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u0259ld\u0259 olunan g\u0259irin 16%-i royalti (lisenziya haqq\u0131) olaraq \u0130rana \u00f6d\u0259nil\u0259c\u0259kdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1906-c\u0131 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r D\u2019Arsi axtar\u0131\u015flara 250 min funt-sterlinq s\u0259rf etdi, lakin bir \u015fey tapmad\u0131. O, maddi resurslar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fck\u0259nm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u00f6z konsessiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin \u201cBurmah Oil Company\u201d \u015firk\u0259tin\u0259 satd\u0131, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tin 170 min s\u0259hmini v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qlanmayan m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 pul \u0259ld\u0259 etdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130randa neft axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259n \u201cBurmah Oil Company\u201d d\u0259 iki ild\u0259n art\u0131q m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 u\u011fur qazana bilm\u0259di. Yaln\u0131z 1908-c\u0131 il may\u0131n 26-da Xuzistan vilay\u0259tinin M\u0259scid S\u00fcleyman \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 360 metr d\u0259rinlikd\u0259 olduqca z\u0259ngin neft yata\u011f\u0131 tap\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130ran neftinin \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131, emal\u0131 v\u0259 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1909-cu ild\u0259 ingilis-fars neft \u015firk\u0259ti (APOC – Anglo-Persian Oil Company) yarad\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eirk\u0259tin s\u0259hml\u0259rinin 97%-n\u0259 \u201cBurmah Oil Company\u201d sahib idi. 1912-ci ild\u0259 Fars k\u00f6rf\u0259zi sahill\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Abadan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 neft emal\u0131 zavodu tikildi. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra bu zavod d\u00fcnyadak\u0131 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck NEZ-\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n h\u0259rbi d\u0259niz naziri Uinston \u00c7\u00f6r\u00e7ill imperiya donanmas\u0131n\u0131n yanacaq kimi da\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u0259n neft\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si t\u0259klifini verdi. Bunun \u0259sas\u0131nda h\u00f6kum\u0259t APOC s\u0259hml\u0259rinin 50,0025%-ni alaraq n\u0259zar\u0259t paketin\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259ndi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130randa \u00f6n\u0259mli siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdi. Bunlar\u0131n say\u0259sind\u0259 1925-ci ild\u0259 Qacar s\u00fclal\u0259si devrildi. Art\u0131q iki ildir Ba\u015f nazir olan v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin faktiki idar\u0259 ed\u0259n kazak general\u0131 Rza xan taxta ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k yeni P\u0259hl\u0259vi s\u00fclal\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Yeni s\u00fclal\u0259nin ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n diqq\u0259t ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas m\u00f6vzulardan biri \u0130ran\u0131n nefti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si idi. Buna is\u0259 APOC v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya ciddi m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r. \u018fld\u0259 olunan m\u00fcst\u0259sna qazanca baxmayaraq, yerli i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 olduqca az maa\u015f verilir v\u0259 onlar dil\u0259n\u00e7i \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00dcst\u0259lik, \u0130ran\u0131n h\u0259qiqi qazanc\u0131 bilm\u0259k, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7atacaq m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fin d\u00fcr\u00fcst \u00f6d\u0259nilib-\u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259diyini yoxlamaq imkan\u0131 yox idi. V\u0259ziyy\u0259t b\u0259z\u0259n ac\u0131nacaql\u0131-g\u00fcl\u00fcnc \u015f\u0259kil al\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1931-ci ild\u0259 APOK \u0130ran neftind\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi g\u0259lir\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0130rana 306 872 funt sterlinq, g\u0259lir vergisi kimi Britaniya h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 is\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1 milyon funt sterlinq \u00f6d\u0259mi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Halbuki bir il \u00f6nc\u0259, \u0130ran x\u0259zin\u0259sin\u0259 1 288 312 funt sterlinq \u00f6d\u0259nilmi\u015fdi. \u0130ngilisl\u0259r bunu B\u00f6y\u00fck depressiya n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 neft qiym\u0259tl\u0259rinin k\u0259skin enm\u0259si v\u0259 g\u0259lirl\u0259rin azalmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah edirdil\u0259r. Azalma do\u011frudan da vard\u0131, lakin APOC g\u0259lirl\u0259ri 36% azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda, \u0130rana \u00e7atan m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 76% azalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018fn heyr\u0259tamiz olan is\u0259 o idi ki, \u0130ran\u0131n \u00f6z \u0259razisind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan nefti istehlak etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ yox idi v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn SSR\u0130-d\u0259n, y\u0259ni Bak\u0131dan neft al\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ndi \u0130ran bu \u0259dal\u0259tsizlikl\u0259rin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259yir, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7atan pay\u0131n 25%-\u0259 qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Lakin ingilisl\u0259r h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 meylli deyildil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 olan halda Rza \u015fah 1932-ci ilin noyabr\u0131nda konsessiyan\u0131 birt\u0259r\u0259fli qaydada q\u00fcvv\u0259d\u0259n sald\u0131. T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Mill\u0259tl\u0259r C\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259ti d\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259siz qald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Uzun \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sonra 1933-c\u00fc ild\u0259 yeni, \u0130ran\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259n m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzaland\u0131. 60 illik m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan neftin h\u0259r tonu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 4 \u015fillinq \u00f6d\u0259nil\u0259c\u0259kdi. \u0130ran\u0131n qazancda pay\u0131 20%-\u0259 qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 bu zaman ist\u0259nil\u0259n halda bir il \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nil\u0259n m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f 750 min funt sterlinqd\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ola bilm\u0259zdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, vergil\u0259r v\u0259 r\u00fcsumlar\u0131n m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 APOC ilk 15 il \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0130ran b\u00fcdc\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259r il 225 min, sonrak\u0131 15 ild\u0259 is\u0259 300 min funt sterlinq \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdi. \u0130ngilisl\u0259rin neft axtarmaq h\u00fcququnun oldu\u011fu \u0259razil\u0259r xeyli m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, 480 min kvadrat mild\u0259n 100 min\u0259 endirildi, lakin bu zaman \u0259sas z\u0259ngin v\u0259 perspektivli \u0259razil\u0259r n\u0259zar\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 qald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, \u0130ran\u0131n \u00f6z t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan nefti APOC-dan daha ucuz qiym\u0259t\u0259 almaq h\u00fcququ n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutuldu. D\u00f6vl\u0259tin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 neft\u0259 25%, \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 neft\u0259 is\u0259 10% g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft edil\u0259c\u0259kdi. M\u00fcqavil\u0259nin 21-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 x\u00fcsusi olaraq vur\u011fulan\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u0130ran h\u00f6kum\u0259ti birt\u0259r\u0259fli qaydada raz\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rini l\u0259\u011fv ed\u0259 v\u0259 ya d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259 bilm\u0259z.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259lumat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeyd edim ki, \u0130ran t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fcqavil\u0259ni maliyy\u0259 naziri, bizim daha \u00e7ox R\u0259sulzad\u0259nin v\u0259fat\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar 1955-ci ild\u0259 yazaca\u011f\u0131 m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m nekroloqa g\u00f6r\u0259 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Seyid H\u0259s\u0259n Ta\u011f\u0131zad\u0259 imzalad\u0131. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 Ta\u011f\u0131zad\u0259 \u0130ran \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r\u0259 nail olmaq ist\u0259yirdi, lakin Rza \u015fah yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r\u0259 qane oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1935-ci il\u0259 kimi xaricd\u0259 daha \u00e7ox Persiya kimi tan\u0131nan \u00f6lk\u0259nin ad\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259sm\u0259n \u0130ran olaraq q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra APOC ad\u0131n\u0131 A\u0130OC (Anglo-\u0130ranian Oil Company) olaraq d\u0259yi\u015fdi. Lakin \u015firk\u0259tin 1954-c\u00fc ild\u0259 q\u0259bul etdiyi ad daha \u00e7ox m\u0259\u015fhurdur \u2013 \u201cThe British Petroleum Company\u201d v\u0259 ya q\u0131saca BP.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 milli h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n inti\u015far\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Bu s\u0131rada \u0130ran da istisna deyildi. D\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ist\u0259y\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif y\u00f6nl\u00fc q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r 1949-cu ild\u0259 Milli C\u0259bh\u0259 deyil\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilat yaratd\u0131lar. Onun r\u0259hb\u0259ri M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1882-ci ild\u0259 anadan olan M\u00fcs\u0259ddiqin atas\u0131 B\u0259xtiyari tayfas\u0131na, anas\u0131 is\u0259 Qacar xan\u0259dan\u0131na m\u0259nsub idi – 1797-1834-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131 olan F\u0259t\u0259li Qacar\u0131n o\u011flu Abbas Mirz\u0259nin n\u0259v\u0259si idi. M\u00fcs\u0259ddiqin arvad\u0131 is\u0259 N\u0259sr\u0259ddin Qacar\u0131n (1848-1896) n\u0259v\u0259si idi. Hakim s\u00fclal\u0259 il\u0259 bel\u0259 yax\u0131n qohumluq onun karyeras\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 perspektivl\u0259r v\u0259d edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n G\u0259nclik ill\u0259rind\u0259 Fransa v\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259d\u0259 h\u00fcquq \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq Avropada doktorluq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si alan ilk iranl\u0131 olub. Bundan sonra \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 qay\u0131daraq Tehran siyasi elml\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 d\u0259rs dem\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b.\n<\/p>\n
\n V\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259r bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq 1919-cu ild\u0259 imzalanan v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britan\u0131yan\u0131n yar\u0131m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259n \u0130ran-ingilis m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 etiraz olaraq \u00f6lk\u0259sini t\u0259rk edir v\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259y\u0259 yollan\u0131r. Lakin art\u0131q n\u00f6vb\u0259ti ild\u0259 Ba\u015f nazir H\u0259s\u0259n Pirniyan\u0131nn d\u0259v\u0259ti il\u0259 geri qay\u0131d\u0131r (1919-cu il m\u00fcqavil\u0259si is\u0259 M\u0259clis t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ratifikasiya olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minm\u0259di).\n<\/p>\n
\n 1920-1923-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq bir s\u0131ra v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r tutur. O, ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq Fars vilay\u0259tinin valisi, xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri, maliyy\u0259 naziri, Az\u0259rbaycan vilay\u0259tinin valisi v\u0259 yen\u0259 xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri olur. 1924-1928-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 \u0130ran parlamentinin (M\u0259clis) deputat\u0131 mandat\u0131na yiy\u0259l\u0259nir.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1925-ci ild\u0259 Qacar s\u00fclal\u0259sinin devrilm\u0259si M\u00fcs\u0259ddiqin karyeras\u0131na ciddi t\u0259sir edir. Rza \u015fah onun Qacar s\u00fclal\u0259si il\u0259 qohumlu\u011funu, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 xan\u0259dan\u0131n devrilm\u0259si M\u0259clisd\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunark\u0259n bunun \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131 unutmur, he\u00e7 bir v\u0259zif\u0259 tutmas\u0131na imkan vermir.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd, b\u0259z\u0259n ba\u015fqa iddialara da rast g\u0259linir. Bu iddialara g\u00f6r\u0259 Rza \u015fah M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259 t\u0259klif edir. Lakin o, \u015fah\u0131 legitim yox, q\u0259sbkar sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn imtina edir.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1941-ci ild\u0259, \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar ingilis v\u0259 sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131 \u0130ran\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etdil\u0259r. Almanp\u0259r\u0259st siyas\u0259t y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259kd\u0259 ittiham etdikl\u0259ri Rza \u015fah \u00f6z o\u011flu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rzan\u0131n xeyrin\u0259 taxt-tacdan \u0259l \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olur. Yaln\u0131z bundan sonra M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq siyas\u0259t\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131r, 1944-1946-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yenid\u0259n M\u0259clis \u00fczv\u00fc olur.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130randa \u0259sas m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusu yenid\u0259n neft olur. Bunun bir s\u0259b\u0259bi c\u0259miyy\u0259tin 1933-c\u00fc il m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259n ilkin qeyri-m\u0259mnunlu\u011fu idis\u0259, dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r yeni \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rd\u0259n do\u011furdu.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 b\u0259rpa i\u015fl\u0259ri , el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 leyborist Ettli h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin sosial siyas\u0259til\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya iri \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n A\u0130OC-dan tutdu\u011fu g\u0259lir vergisini art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu is\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tin xalis qazanc\u0131na v\u0259 dolay\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130rana \u00e7atacaq maliyy\u0259nin m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fin\u0259 ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, 1933-c\u00fc il m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259r funt-sterlinql\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdi. \u0130ndi is\u0259 bu valyuta k\u0259skin inflyasiya ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u00fcbadil\u0259 m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259l\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 Bretton-Vud sisteminin yarad\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 1 funt-sterlinq 4,03 AB\u015e dollar\u0131na b\u0259rab\u0259r say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. C\u0259mi 5 il sonra is\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259m 2,80 dollara endi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1933-c\u00fc ild\u0259 hasil olan neftin \u00fcmumi d\u0259y\u0259rinin 33%-i h\u0259cmind\u0259 m\u0259bl\u0259\u011f \u0130rana \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131sa, 1949-cu ild\u0259 bu vur-tut 9% t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n d\u0259 neftin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si ideyas\u0131 \u0130ran c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n amil\u0259 v\u0259 \u00fcm\u00fcmi milli-demokratik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas qay\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1949-cu il noyabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 yaranan v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 partiyan\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n Milli C\u0259bh\u0259 vahid ideologiyaya malik deyildi. Burada liberallar v\u0259 sol\u00e7ular, sekulyaristl\u0259r v\u0259 dindarlar birl\u0259\u015firdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 r\u0259ngar\u0259ng palitran\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n yegan\u0259 ideya \u0130ran neftinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00f6vqel\u0259ri \u0130ran c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli olan din xadiml\u0259rinin d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti neftin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar idil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 M\u00fcs\u0259ddiqin \u0259n yax\u0131n m\u00fctt\u0259fiqi kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n ay\u0259tulla \u018fb\u00fclqas\u0131m Ka\u015fani x\u00fcsusil\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Dem\u0259k art\u0131qd\u0131r ki, B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya v\u0259 A\u0130OC tamamil\u0259 \u0259ks m\u00f6vqe tuturdular. Onlar hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, neftin tap\u0131lmas\u0131na, hasilat\u0131na v\u0259 emal\u0131na veril\u0259n t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r \u0130randa \u00e7\u0131xan nefti A\u0130OC v\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin \u0259mlak\u0131na \u00e7evirir. \u00dcst\u0259lik, yuxar\u0131da xat\u0131rlatd\u0131\u011f\u0131m 21 madd\u0259ni (m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259sinin v\u0259 ya l\u0259\u011fvinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fc bar\u0259d\u0259)1933-c\u00fc ild\u0259 imzalanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 bo\u015funa daxil etm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1950-ci ild\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259n sonra \u0130ran neftinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sinin t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 parlamentd\u0259 \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil etdil\u0259r. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq, Ka\u015fani v\u0259 ba\u015fqa Milli C\u0259bh\u0259 liderl\u0259ri parlamentd\u0259 t\u0259msil olunurdular. Bundan sonra neftin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si ideyas\u0131 daha da aktualla\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah P\u0259hl\u0259vi atas\u0131ndan f\u0259rqli olaraq c\u0259sar\u0259tli v\u0259 bacar\u0131ql\u0131 siyas\u0259t\u00e7i say\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 1940-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130ran siyas\u0259tind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox k\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 qal\u0131r, real idar\u0259etm\u0259 M\u0259clis v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin \u0259lind\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259nirdi. Bir t\u0259sad\u00fcf n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1949-cu il fevral\u0131n 4-d\u0259 Tehran Universitetinin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6vb\u0259ti ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 h\u0259sr olunan t\u0259dbird\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n \u015fah sui-q\u0259sd\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. Lakin \u00fc\u00e7 metrd\u0259n at\u0131lan g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n yaln\u0131z biri \u015faha d\u0259ydi, o da yaln\u0131z yana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131y\u0131rdi. Sui-q\u0259sd\u00e7i is\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin cavab at\u0259\u015fil\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130ran c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin hadis\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti olduqca neqativ oldu, \u015faha geni\u015f d\u0259st\u0259k n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirildi. Bundan h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n \u015fah idar\u0259etm\u0259d\u0259 daha f\u0259al i\u015ftirak etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri 1906-c\u0131 il Konstitusiyas\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutuldu\u011fundan daha geni\u015fl\u0259ndirildi.\n<\/p>\n
\n El\u0259 h\u0259min Konstitusiyada n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan, lakin he\u00e7 zaman \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmayan parlamentin yuxar\u0131 palatas\u0131 – Senat t\u0259sis edildi. Qanuna g\u00f6r\u0259, \u015fah\u0131n Senat \u00fczvl\u0259rinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ vard\u0131, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015fah da bundan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259 l\u0259ngim\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq respublika\u00e7\u0131 olmasa da , konstitusiyal\u0131 monarxiya t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 idi. O, \u015fah\u0131n Avropa monarxlar\u0131 kimi “h\u00f6kmdar olmas\u0131n\u0131, lakin h\u00f6km etm\u0259m\u0259sini” arzulay\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 g\u0259nc \u015fah\u0131n siyasi f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan he\u00e7 d\u0259 m\u0259mnunluq duymad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n ***\n<\/p>\n
\n 1950-ci ilin sonu v\u0259 1951-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130ran neftinin millil\u015fdirilm\u0259si u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat k\u00fctl\u0259vi v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l \u015f\u0259kil ald\u0131. Az qala h\u0259r g\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259 bu t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259 mitinql\u0259r ke\u00e7irilirdi. Aksiyalarda onminl\u0259rl\u0259 insan i\u015ftirak edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n 1951-ci ilin ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 iranl\u0131lar AB\u015e-\u0131n ARAMCO (Arabian American Oil Company) \u015firk\u0259ti il\u0259 S\u0259udiyy\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131 aras\u0131nda imzalanan v\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan yar\u0131madas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan neftin g\u0259lirinin yar\u0131bayar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan raz\u0131l\u0131qdan x\u0259b\u0259rdar oldular. Bu fakt presedent kimi iranl\u0131lar\u0131n millil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 olmasa da, 1933-c\u00fc il m\u00fcqavil\u0259si \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 legitimlik qazand\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ba\u015f nazir Hac\u0131 \u018fli R\u0259zmara A\u0130OC n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 analoji sazi\u015f ba\u011flayaraq g\u0259lirl\u0259rin t\u0259n b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259klif etdi. \u0130ngilisl\u0259r q\u0259ti r\u0259dd cavab\u0131 verdil\u0259r. C\u0259mi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn sonra, k\u00fctl\u0259vi aksiyalar\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n \u0130randak\u0131 s\u0259firi Frensis \u015eepard g\u0259lirl\u0259rin 50\/50 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini m\u00fczakir\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r olduqlar\u0131n\u0131, amma bunu millil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 t\u0259hdidi alt\u0131nda etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rini s\u00f6yl\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ba\u015f nazir R\u0259zmara mart\u0131n 3-d\u0259 M\u0259clisd\u0259 etdiyi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda millil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 50\/50 b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc q\u0259bul etm\u0259yi t\u0259klif etdi. Onun fikrinc\u0259, millil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 \u0130ran \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ciddi siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi probleml\u0259r yarada bil\u0259rdi. R\u0259zmara el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 neft s\u0259nayesini m\u00fcst\u0259qil idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ixtisasl\u0131 kadrlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas g\u0259tirirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Ba\u015f nazirin dedikl\u0259ri, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 sonrak\u0131 iki ild\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rin fonunda \u0259sass\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcrd\u00fc. Lakin o zaman radikalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u0130ran c\u0259miyy\u0259ti bunu satq\u0131nl\u0131q kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, c\u0259mi d\u00f6rd g\u00fcn sonra Hac\u0131 \u018fli R\u0259zmara q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirildi. Qatil X\u0259lil T\u0259hmasib ay\u0259tulla Ka\u015faniy\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan “\u0130slam f\u0259dail\u0259ri” (Fadayian-e \u0130slam) t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Daha s\u0259kkiz g\u00fcn sonra, mart\u0131n 15-d\u0259 is\u0259 \u0130ran parlamenti neftin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etdi. S\u0259sverm\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n M\u0259clis \u00fczvl\u0259rinin ham\u0131s\u0131, h\u0259tta \u0259vv\u0259l \u0259leyhin\u0259 olanlar da indi lehin\u0259 s\u0259s verdi. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr kims\u0259 R\u0259zmaran\u0131n taleyini t\u0259krar ya\u015famaq ist\u0259mirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Millil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131 problemin h\u0259lli dem\u0259k deyildi. \u018fksin\u0259, \u0130ran nefti u\u011frunda sava\u015f h\u0259l\u0259 yeni ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. Aprelin sonlar\u0131nda M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u00fcs\u0259ddiqin Ba\u015f nazir se\u00e7ilm\u0259sil\u0259 sava\u015f daha da alovland\u0131. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 “\u0130ran neftinin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7alar\u0131: M\u00fcs\u0259ddiq” adl\u0131 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti m\u0259qal\u0259mizd\u0259 b\u0259hs ed\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1950-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259v\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130randa olduqca maraql\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":113745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-192927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n