{"id":192501,"date":"2018-11-11T14:50:28","date_gmt":"2018-11-11T14:50:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/birinci-dunya-muharibesi-100\/"},"modified":"2018-11-11T14:50:28","modified_gmt":"2018-11-11T14:50:28","slug":"birinci-dunya-muharibesi-100","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/birinci-dunya-muharibesi-100\/","title":{"rendered":"Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u2013 100"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"1-ci
\n 1-ci D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259si, r\u0259ngl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f foto
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n Noyabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin bitm\u0259sind\u0259n 100 il \u00f6t\u00fcr. M\u0259hz bu tarixd\u0259 “M\u0259rk\u0259z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri” adlanan ittifaq\u0131n son n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si – Almaniya Kompyen me\u015f\u0259sind\u0259 at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 imza ataraq t\u0259slim oldu. Bununla da b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n D\u00f6rd il davam ed\u0259n v\u0259 otuzdan art\u0131q d\u00f6vl\u0259tin i\u015ftirak etdiyi b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcharib\u0259nin t\u0259fsilatlar\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n gedi\u015fini bir m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259k \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Zat\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bel\u0259 bir m\u0259qs\u0259d d\u0259 qoymam\u0131\u015f\u0131q.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sad\u0259c\u0259 b\u0259zi \u00fcmumi m\u0259lumatlar verm\u0259k v\u0259 oxucular\u0131n diqq\u0259tini s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259nin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltm\u0259k ist\u0259rdik.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***
\n
\n M\u00fcharib\u0259 \u00f6nc\u0259sind\u0259 Avropada iki h\u0259rbi-siyasi ittifaq formala\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bunlardan biri Almaniya, Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan v\u0259 \u0130taliyan\u0131n daxil oldu\u011fu “\u00dc\u00e7l\u0259r ittifaq\u0131” idi. Alyans\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 1879-cu ild\u0259 Almaniya v\u0259 Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan\u0131n ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259rbi ittifaqla qoyuldu. \u00dc\u00e7 il sonra is\u0259 \u0130taliyan\u0131n da i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 3 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin h\u0259rbi ittifaq\u0131 yarand\u0131.
\n
\n Antanta adlanan ikinci h\u0259rbi ittifaq birinciy\u0259 cavab olaraq meydana g\u0259ldi. 1891-93-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 Fransa aras\u0131nda imzalanan s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rl\u0259 iki d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ittifaq\u0131 ba\u011fland\u0131. 1904-c\u00fc il\u0259 ingilis-frans\u0131z, 1907-ci ild\u0259 ingilis-rus sazi\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 alyans tam formala\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ki ittifaq aras\u0131nda irili-z\u0131rdal\u0131 xeyli ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r var idi. Buraya son Fransa-Prussiya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub olan frans\u0131zlar\u0131n revan\u015f ist\u0259kl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Avropan\u0131n slavyan xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qillik arzular\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f Balkanlarda, Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Uzaq \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 maraqlar toqqu\u015fmas\u0131, Afrikada m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k (v\u0259 ya m\u00f6vcud m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri qorumaq) c\u0259hdl\u0259ri v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259b daxil idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n D\u00f6vr\u00fcn AB\u015e prezidenti Vudro Vilson sonralar yaz\u0131rd\u0131: “Ham\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259nin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bini axtar\u0131r v\u0259 he\u00e7 n\u0259 tapm\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0259b\u0259sdir, h\u0259min s\u0259b\u0259bi tapmayacaqlar. M\u00fcharib\u0259 hans\u0131sa bir s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n ba\u015flamad\u0131. O, bir yerd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131”.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin bir \u015feyi d\u0259qiq s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k olar ki, n\u0259 ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n hans\u0131sa ciddi s\u0259b\u0259b, n\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rin m\u0259cmusu ba\u015f ver\u0259c\u0259k q\u0131r\u011f\u0131na d\u0259ym\u0259zdi. He\u00e7 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r bel\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r m\u00fcharib\u0259 aparacaqlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259mirdil\u0259r. H\u0259r iki ittifaq bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay \u0259rzind\u0259 qalib g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 \u00fcmid b\u0259sl\u0259yirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n 1908-ci il g\u0259nc t\u00fcrkl\u0259r inqilab\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n sars\u0131nt\u0131lardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin muxtar \u0259razisi say\u0131lan Bosniya v\u0259 Herseqovinan\u0131 ilhaq etdi. Bu hadis\u0259 ciddi beyn\u0259lxalq b\u00f6hrana s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin Balkan slayvanlar\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t u\u011frunda Avstriya-Macar\u0131stanla r\u0259qab\u0259t aparan Rusiya h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Yaponiya il\u0259 u\u011fursuz m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 Birinci rus inqilab\u0131ndan sonra xeyli z\u0259ifl\u0259diyind\u0259n konfrontasiyadan \u00e7\u0259kindi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, Bosniyan\u0131n ilhaq\u0131na ciddi etiraz ed\u0259n Serbiyaya t\u0259zyiq ed\u0259r\u0259k sakitl\u0259\u015fdirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1914-c\u00fc il iyunun 28-d\u0259 Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan taxt-tac\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259li\u0259hdi Frans-Ferdinand v\u0259 arvad\u0131 Sofiya imperiyan\u0131n yeni \u0259razil\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bosniyan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259z \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri say\u0131lan Sarayevoya g\u0259ldil\u0259r. Burada onlar Bonsiyan\u0131n B\u00f6y\u00fck Serbiyaya bil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan “Mlada Bosna” t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc Qavrilo Prinsipin a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avstriya -Macar\u0131stan bu cinay\u0259td\u0259 Serbiyan\u0131 g\u00fcnahland\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bir ay \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n yaz\u0131\u015fmalardan, ultimatumlardan sonra iyulun 28-d\u0259 ona m\u00fcharib\u0259 elan etdi. Cavab olaraq Rusiya \u00fcmumi s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259rlik etdi v\u0259 bu da avqustun 1-d\u0259 Almaniyan\u0131n ona m\u00fcharib\u0259 elan etm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259han\u0259 oldu. Daha sonra almanlar avqustun 3-d\u0259 Fransaya, 4-d\u0259 is\u0259 Bel\u00e7ikaya da m\u00fcharib\u0259 elan etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avqust ay\u0131nda dabladal ba\u015f ver\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259 elanlar\u0131ndan sonra bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 Almaniya v\u0259 Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 is\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, Fransa, Rusiya, Serbiya, \u00c7ernoqoriya, Bel\u00e7ika v\u0259 Yaponiya sava\u015fa qo\u015fuldular. Oktyabrda Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00fcz bir il sonra is\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 “M\u0259rk\u0259z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri” adlanan ittifaq tam formala\u015fd\u0131 – Almaniya, Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130taliya is\u0259 “\u00dc\u00e7l\u0259r ittifaq\u0131”n\u0131n \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259di. \u018fksin\u0259, 1915-ci ilin may\u0131nda \u0259ks t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 sava\u015fa qo\u015fuldu. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin liderlik etdiyi ittifaqa d\u00f6rd il \u0259rzind\u0259 xeyli d\u00f6vl\u0259t qo\u015fuldu, lakin onlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n gedi\u015find\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli rol oynamad\u0131lar. Bu c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u0259sas \u00f6n\u0259mli hadis\u0259l\u0259r 1917-ci ild\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131 v\u0259 1918-ci ilin mart\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n M\u0259rk\u0259z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 separat s\u00fclh ba\u011flayaraq m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Almaniya iki c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259 (\u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 Rusiyaya, q\u0259rbd\u0259 is\u0259 Fransa v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyaya qar\u015f\u0131) m\u00fcharib\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fsizliyini g\u00f6z\u0259l anlay\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 1905-ci ild\u0259 haz\u0131rlanan \u015eliffen plan\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Fransa 42 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub edilm\u0259li idi. Almanlar hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturu \u00fcr\u0259ka\u00e7an olmayan Rusiya bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259rliyi bitirib h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara ba\u015flaya bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k, dem\u0259li, onlar da iki c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 aparmayacaqd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin \u015eliffen plan\u0131 \u00e7oxlu m\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n – \u0259n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r bel\u00e7ikal\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 frans\u0131zlar\u0131n ciddi m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti, Rusiyan\u0131n is\u0259 art\u0131q avqustun 17-d\u0259 h\u00fccum \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131na ba\u015flamas\u0131 idi – h\u0259yata ke\u00e7m\u0259di. \u00dcmid edil\u0259n q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli m\u00fcharib\u0259 ba\u015f tutmad\u0131. U\u011fursuz daha bir ne\u00e7\u0259 c\u0259hdd\u0259n sonra (“D\u0259niz\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131\u015f”, Flandriya d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fc) 1914-c\u00fc ilin sonlar\u0131nda Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259si sabitl\u0259\u015fdi v\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc m\u00f6vqe d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 oxuyark\u0259n, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n m\u0259qam he\u00e7 bir n\u0259tic\u0259si olmayan, yaxud da \u00e7ox c\u00fczi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri olan \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar zaman\u0131 onminl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirm\u0259sidir. Baltik d\u0259nizind\u0259n Qara d\u0259niz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r n\u0259h\u0259ng \u0259razini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n \u015e\u0259rq c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq c\u0259mi 480 km uzunlu\u011fu olan Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 bu hala x\u00fcsus\u0259n tez-tez rast g\u0259linirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00dcz-\u00fcz\u0259 duran alman v\u0259 ingilis-frans\u0131z q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00f6vqe d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar g\u00f6rd\u00fcl\u0259r. S\u0259ng\u0259rl\u0259r qaz\u0131ld\u0131, istehkamlar yarad\u0131ld\u0131, artilleriya yerl\u0259\u015fdirildi. Qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fin h\u00fccumlar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tikanl\u0131 m\u0259ftill\u0259rd\u0259n, minal\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, pulemyotlu at\u0259\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t m\u00fcdafi\u0259 s\u0259dl\u0259ri yarad\u0131ld\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si h\u00fccum v\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 balans\u0131n pozuldu\u011fu zamana t\u0259sad\u00fcf edirdi: m\u00fcdafi\u0259 texnikas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccum arsenal\u0131ndan qat-qat \u00fcst\u00fcn olmas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259r bir h\u00fccum c\u0259hdi \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck qurbanlardan sonra ya n\u0259tic\u0259siz qal\u0131rd\u0131, ya da c\u00fczi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 nail olunurdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 1914-c\u00fc ilin sonlar\u0131ndan 1918-ci ilin yay\u0131na kimi ki\u00e7ik istisnalar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almasaq, Remark\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259s\u0259rinin ad\u0131ndak\u0131 kimi, Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 yenilik olmad\u0131. H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd yeniliyin olmamas\u0131 sakitlik anlam\u0131 vermirdi. Milyonlarla adam\u0131n i\u015ftirak etdiyi \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131, y\u00fczminl\u0259rl\u0259 qurban verilirdi, lakin h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 h\u00fccumdan \u00fcst\u00fcn olurdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259tta kimy\u0259vi silahdan istifad\u0259 bel\u0259 yaln\u0131z ilk d\u0259f\u0259, \u0130kinci \u0130pr d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259rk\u0259n (22 aprel 1915) m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n effekt verdi, sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 \u0259ks-t\u0259dbirl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259sirsiz oldu. T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r (y\u0259ni ingilis v\u0259 frans\u0131zlar) m\u00fcdafi\u0259 istehkamlar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fccl\u00fc artilleriya at\u0259\u015find\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1915-ci il may\u0131n 9-da \u0130kinci Artua d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7m\u0259zd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259ki 6 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r alman istehkamlar\u0131na 2,1 milyon \u0259d\u0259d m\u0259rmi atd\u0131lar. M\u00fcdafi\u0259nin ilk m\u00f6vqeyi dem\u0259k olar ki, yerl\u0259 bir edildi. Lakin Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin m\u00fcdafi\u0259si 2-3 m\u00f6vqed\u0259n ibar\u0259t olurdu. H\u0259r m\u00f6vqed\u0259 d\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 (ad\u0259t\u0259n 3) s\u0259ng\u0259r x\u0259tti qaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259hdl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, almanlar\u0131n ikinci m\u00fcdafi\u0259 m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini ke\u00e7m\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259min il sentyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 ba\u015flayan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Artua d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259 is\u0259 alman m\u00f6vqel\u0259rin\u0259 5 milyona q\u0259d\u0259r artilleriya m\u0259rmisi at\u0131ld\u0131. Lakin h\u00fccum yen\u0259 d\u0259 u\u011fursuz oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 x\u00fcsus\u0259n pulemyotlar b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Tikanl\u0131 m\u0259ftill\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t mane\u0259l\u0259r h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7\u0259n \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini l\u0259n\u011fidir, bundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259f pulemyot at\u0259\u015fi il\u0259 onlar\u0131 q\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.
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\n 1916-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Almaniya Fransan\u0131 m\u0259\u011flub ed\u0259r\u0259k d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 10 ay (fevral-dekabr) \u0259rzind\u0259 Verden \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u0259traf\u0131nda inadl\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r apard\u0131. H\u0259m d\u0259 “Verden sallaqxanas\u0131” kimi xat\u0131rlanan d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259f \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 700 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox itki verdi, lakin sonda \u0259vv\u0259lki m\u00f6vqel\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131td\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sini pat v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarmaq, h\u00fccum arsenal\u0131n\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131sa yeniliy\u0259 ehtiyac vard\u0131. Bel\u0259 bir yenilik tank oldu. O, ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1916-c\u0131 il kampaniyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fqa bir d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259 – m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rin Somma \u00e7ay\u0131 yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u00fccum \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 zaman\u0131 sentyabr\u0131n 15-d\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 18 tank ingilisl\u0259r\u0259 5 saat \u0259rzind\u0259 5 km ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259k imkan\u0131 verdi. Bu, Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259ki m\u00f6vqe d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 inan\u0131lmaz nailiyy\u0259t idi. \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 is\u0259 Somma sava\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r 10 km ir\u0259lil\u0259dil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 nadir u\u011fur ingilis v\u0259 frans\u0131zlara t\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fc olaraq 146 mind\u0259n art\u0131q itki hesab\u0131na ba\u015fa g\u0259ldi. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, Sommada h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259fin \u00f6l\u00fc, yaral\u0131, itkin v\u0259 \u0259sir olaraq itkil\u0259rinin \u00fcmumi say\u0131 1 milyon n\u0259f\u0259ri ke\u00e7di.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259k ki, h\u0259min vaxtda \u015e\u0259rq c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n Brusilov h\u00fccumu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ruslar c\u0259bh\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259 80 km-d\u0259n 120 km-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ir\u0259li getmi\u015fdil\u0259r v\u0259 bu zaman \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 Sommadak\u0131ndan xeyli az, 62 min olmu\u015fdu. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u015e\u0259rq c\u0259bh\u0259sinin n\u0259h\u0259ng uzunlu\u011fu burada Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259ki kimi m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilmi\u015f m\u00fcdafi\u0259 istehkamlar\u0131 yaratma\u011fa imkan vermirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Tanklar k\u0259skin t\u0259l\u0259batdan do\u011fan yenilik olsa da, onun optimal t\u0259tbiqini m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259y\u0259, m\u00fcvafiq taktikan\u0131 haz\u0131rlama\u011fa vaxt laz\u0131m idi. 1917-ci aprel-may aylar\u0131nda ingilis-frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Nivel h\u00fccumu (“Nivel q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n\u0131” da deyilir) zaman\u0131 tanklardan bacar\u0131qs\u0131z istifad\u0259 bunu s\u00fcbut edir. Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259 atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 128 \u015eneyder tank\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z 10-u d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f meydan\u0131ndan qay\u0131da bildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Tanklar\u0131n ilk t\u0259tbiqind\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n iki il ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259n sonra, 1918-ci ilin yay\u0131nda ingilis-frans\u0131z v\u0259 art\u0131q sava\u015fa qo\u015fulan amerikanlar\u0131n “Y\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fck h\u00fccum”unun ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rin tank d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn qaydalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131q m\u0259nims\u0259dikl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Y\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fck h\u00fccum avqustun 8-d\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131 v\u0259 noyabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 Almaniya m\u0259\u011flub olana q\u0259d\u0259r davam etdi.
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\n H\u00fccumun ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r 415 tank\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 almanlar\u0131n iki m\u00fcdafi\u0259 m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini ke\u00e7dil\u0259r v\u0259 yaln\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc qar\u015f\u0131snda dayand\u0131lar. Onlar g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 11 km ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 nail oldular. General L\u00fcdendorf buna g\u00f6r\u0259 8 avqustu “m\u00fcharib\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 alman ordusunun \u0259n qara g\u00fcn\u00fc” adland\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 pat v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 Almaniyan\u0131n m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tind\u0259 tanklar \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynad\u0131lar. Ba\u015fqa bir \u00f6n\u0259mli amil “\u0259lah\u0259zr\u0259t iqtisadiyyat” oldu. D\u00f6rd illik m\u00fcharib\u0259 alman iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fck\u0259ndirdi. O, Q\u0259rbin 3 b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin iqtisadiyyat\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259 silah-sursat istehsal\u0131, n\u0259 d\u0259 ordunun yem\u0259k v\u0259 geyim t\u0259minat\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t aparmaq g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259 deyildi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, Almaniya t\u0259slim oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n m\u00f6vqe d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlarda m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fc olaraq 2 milyona yax\u0131n itki verdil\u0259r. Bunlardan 1,265 milyon frans\u0131z, 512,5 min ingilis, 116,7 min amerikal\u0131, 40 min bel\u00e7ikal\u0131, 1,7 min portuqaliyal\u0131 idi. Almanlarda is\u0259 1 214 000 n\u0259f\u0259r d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f meydan\u0131nda, yaxud da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralardan x\u0259st\u0259xanalarda \u00f6ld\u00fc, 968 min is\u0259 \u0259sir v\u0259 ya itkin d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00f6vqe m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin \u0259n bariz n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u00c7anaqqala d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. 1915-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda ingilis v\u0259 frans\u0131zlar Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tini m\u0259\u011flub ed\u0259r\u0259k sava\u015fdan \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn “Dardanel \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131”na ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6nc\u0259 yaln\u0131z h\u0259rbi donanman\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat u\u011fursuz oldu. Bel\u0259 olduqda Gelibolu yar\u0131madas\u0131na desant \u00e7\u0131xarmaq q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n 2 \u0259srd\u0259n \u00e7ox davam ed\u0259n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l h\u0259rbi m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r t\u00fcrk \u0259sg\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k fikird\u0259 deyildil\u0259r. Onlar hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, \u0259sas problem quruya desant \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259kdir, bundan sonra t\u00fcrkl\u0259r silah\u0131 at\u0131b qa\u00e7acaqlar. Lakin bel\u0259 olmad\u0131 v\u0259 burada da 8 ay s\u00fcr\u0259n m\u00f6vqe d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri getdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Uzunlu\u011fu 90 km, \u0259n enli yeri is\u0259 20 km olan Gelibolu yar\u0131madas\u0131na h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259f dalbadal h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259rirdi. Ki\u00e7ik bir \u0259razid\u0259 eyni zamanda olan h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin say\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259n 800 mini ke\u00e7irdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn c\u0259hdl\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri m\u0259\u011flub edib \u0130stanbulu tuta bilm\u0259dil\u0259r v\u0259 dekabrda yar\u0131madan\u0131 t\u0259rk etdil\u0259r. M\u00fctt\u0259fiq itkil\u0259rinin \u00fcmumi say\u0131 302 min, osmanl\u0131larda is\u0259 250 min idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 2005-ci ild\u0259 rejissor Tolqa \u00d6rn\u0259k “Gelibolu” adl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dli film \u00e7\u0259kdi. Bu filmd\u0259 \u00c7anaqqala d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259likl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 m\u00f6vqe m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131lpaql\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259svir olunurdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Minl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259fn olunmayan v\u0259 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcy\u0259n c\u0259s\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259n qalxan d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z iy, antisanitariya \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 meydana \u00e7\u0131xan says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z mil\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r v\u0259 bit-bir\u0259l\u0259r \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n g\u00fcll\u0259sind\u0259n az \u0259zab vermirdi. C\u0259s\u0259dl\u0259ri d\u0259fn etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u00fcvv\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259razi \u00e7atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan onlar\u0131n bir qismi benzin t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcb yand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fsg\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n biri yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubda x\u00f6r\u0259k yey\u0259rk\u0259n qa\u015f\u0131\u011fa onlarla mil\u00e7\u0259yin qonmas\u0131n\u0131, onlar\u0131 qova bilm\u0259dikl\u0259rini t\u0259svir edirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu ki\u00e7ik \u0259razid\u0259 y\u00fczminl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131n t\u0259bii ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri, \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259n sonra is\u0259 gigiyena qaydalar\u0131na \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn minimum \u015f\u0259rait yox idi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, dizenteriya, sar\u0131l\u0131q, yatalaq kimi x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r yay\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. ANZAK (Avstraliya v\u0259 Yeni Zellandiya) \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rinin 80%-nin dizenteriyadan \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kdiyi qeyd olunur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259ki m\u00f6vqe d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 “Gelibolu” kimi sanball\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dli film\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015f\u0259m. Lakin g\u0259lib \u00e7atan m\u0259lumatlar v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin \u00c7anaqqala d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259diyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Burada da milyonlarla insan aylarla, ill\u0259rl\u0259 gah pal\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259, gah da d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z istid\u0259 antisanitariya \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q v\u0259 c\u0259ngav\u0259rlik arzular\u0131 il\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n, xar\u00fcq\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t qazanmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n milyonlarla g\u0259nc bunun \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 ill\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0259ng\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 qal\u0131r, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox bit-bir\u0259, x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rl\u0259 u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rd\u0131 (t\u0259bii, \u0259g\u0259r daha tez h\u0259lak olmurdularsa).\n<\/p>\n

\n Onlar m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 yollanark\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fin s\u0259ng\u0259rin\u0259 qorxu bilm\u0259d\u0259n h\u00fccum ed\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni s\u00fcng\u00fc il\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rini x\u0259yal edirdil\u0259r. \u018fv\u0259zind\u0259 x\u00f6r\u0259k yey\u0259rk\u0259n qa\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131na qonan mil\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259ri qova bilmirdil\u0259r.
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\n X\u0259yal\u0131nda at belind\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n m\u00f6vqel\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7\u0259c\u0259yini t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr ed\u0259n d\u0259liqanl\u0131lar ger\u00e7\u0259klikd\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 pal\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7i il\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr, tikanl\u0131 m\u0259ftill\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t mane\u0259l\u0259ri k\u0259sm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bu zaman da pulemyot at\u0259\u015fi il\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd, \u00f6l\u00fcm bir az da qeyri-romantik ola bil\u0259rdi. Bir d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n g\u00fcll\u0259si d\u0259ym\u0259d\u0259n, antisanitariya \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00f6lm\u0259k olard\u0131. Dizenteriyaya tutulub g\u00fcnd\u0259 15-20 d\u0259f\u0259 tualet\u0259 (yaxud da tualet \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 olan n\u0259 varsa) ged\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6lm\u0259k d\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Zat\u0259n bel\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259r az olmurdu. Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 m\u00f6vqe sava\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259 romantikas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259ri alt-\u00fcst etdi. Y\u00fczminl\u0259rl\u0259 insan he\u00e7 bir q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 macal tapmayaraq x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n, fasil\u0259siz \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259\u015faratlarla \u0259ll\u0259\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259n t\u00fck\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6ld\u00fc. Lakin bu, h\u0259l\u0259 ham\u0131s\u0131 deyildi.
\n
\n M\u00fcharib\u0259nin son aylar\u0131nda \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r aras\u0131nda “ispan qripi” ad\u0131n\u0131 alacaq olduqca \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl x\u0259st\u0259lik yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u0259rbin bitm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra ordular\u0131n \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qay\u0131tmas\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259lik b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131. O zamank\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin 30%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rinin bu x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 tutuldu\u011fu, \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259rin is\u0259 50-100 milyon aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ehtimal edilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n X\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r ad\u0259t\u0259n immun sitemi z\u0259if olan u\u015faq v\u0259 qocalara letal t\u0259sir etdiyi halda, ispan qripinin \u00f6z\u0259lliyi daha \u00e7ox g\u0259nc insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259si idi. Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si azm\u0131\u015f kimi, epidemiya da g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259nim k\u0259silmi\u015fdi.
\n
\n Sonrak\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin g\u0259ldiyi q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, ispan qripinin bu q\u0259d\u0259r qurban toplamas\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn antisanitariya, pis qidalanma v\u0259 dig\u0259r f\u0259sadlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015fdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, 10 milyon civar\u0131nda h\u0259rb\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fc t\u0259xmin edilir. Bu, m\u00fcharib\u0259nin davam etdiyi h\u0259r d\u0259qiq\u0259d\u0259 4 \u0259sg\u0259rin \u00f6lm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n az\u0131 7 milyon dinc sakinin d\u0259 \u00f6lm\u0259si il\u0259 \u00fcmumi insan itkil\u0259ri 17 milyona \u00e7at\u0131r. \u018fn az\u0131 50 milyon da ispan qripinin qurban\u0131 oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ciddi siyasi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. D\u00f6rd imperiya – Osmanl\u0131, Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan, Rusiya v\u0259 Almaniya s\u00fcqut etdi, \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 yeni d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r yarand\u0131. M\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r c\u0259mi 26 m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259tin oldu\u011fu Avropan\u0131n m\u00fcasir siyasi x\u0259rit\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131 m\u0259hz bu zaman qoyuldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fcharib\u0259 zaman\u0131 bilavasit\u0259 h\u0259rbi x\u0259rcl\u0259rin 200 milyard dollar h\u0259nd\u0259v\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yl\u0259nilir. Bu is\u0259 dollar\u0131n indiki kursuna \u00e7evir\u0259nd\u0259 12 trilyon dollara yax\u0131n edir. Da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar v\u0259 dig\u0259r z\u0259r\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259nin b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 \u0259n az\u0131 360 milyard dollara ba\u015fa g\u0259ldiyi ehtimal olunur. Bu da \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kursla 21,5 trilyon dollardan \u00e7ox edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin ist\u0259r canl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 maddi bax\u0131mdan bu q\u0259d\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r ba\u015fa g\u0259l\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri h\u0259ll etm\u0259di. Fransa mar\u015fal\u0131, m\u00fcharib\u0259nin son aylar\u0131nda Q\u0259rb c\u0259hb\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiq q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin Ba\u015f komandan\u0131 olan Ferdinand Fo\u015f1919-cu ilin iyunun 28-d\u0259 Almaniya il\u0259 ba\u011flanan Versal m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olduqda “Bu s\u00fclh deyil, 20 illik m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 ba\u011flanan at\u0259\u015fk\u0259sdir” s\u00f6yl\u0259di. Do\u011frudan da, d\u00fcz 20 il sonra \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Az\u0259rbaycanda Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 maraq \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 z\u0259if olub. Bu, y\u0259qin ki, uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t SSR\u0130-nin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olma\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. R\u0259smi sovet ideologiyas\u0131 Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sini imperialist m\u00fcharib\u0259 kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir, onun qurbanlar\u0131na v\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131na qoyulan abid\u0259l\u0259ri u\u00e7urudu. SSR\u0130-y\u0259 daxil olan respublikar\u0131n tarix elmi d\u0259 eyni m\u00fcnasib\u0259t s\u0259rgil\u0259m\u0259li olurdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Halbuki, bu il 100 illiyini qeyd etdiyimiz Az\u0259rbaycan Demokratik Respublikas\u0131 da Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yarand\u0131. Bir \u00e7ox \u0259d\u0259biyyatda Osmanl\u0131 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t Qafqaz \u0130slam Ordusunun Bak\u0131 u\u011frunda apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Noyabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin bitm\u0259sind\u0259n 100 il \u00f6t\u00fcr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":112197,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-192501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBirinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u2013 100 - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/birinci-dunya-muharibesi-100\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Birinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u2013 100 - 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