{"id":191995,"date":"2018-10-06T22:57:14","date_gmt":"2018-10-06T22:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/aleksandra-kollontay-feminist-yoxsa-nimfoman\/"},"modified":"2018-10-06T22:57:14","modified_gmt":"2018-10-06T22:57:14","slug":"aleksandra-kollontay-feminist-yoxsa-nimfoman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/aleksandra-kollontay-feminist-yoxsa-nimfoman\/","title":{"rendered":"Aleksandra Kollontay – feminist, yoxsa nimfoman"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"Aleksandra
\n Aleksandra Kollontay
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u0259smi t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131 bu qad\u0131n\u0131 ancaq bacar\u0131ql\u0131 diplomat kimi tan\u0131d\u0131b. Amma sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131lanlar ortaya f\u0259rqli portret \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b. \u201c8 mart iblisi\u201d, \u201cseks inqilab\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u201d, \u201cdiplomat qiyaf\u0259li Eros\u201d \u2013 bunlar z\u0259man\u0259sinin \u0259n m\u0259h\u015fur qad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veril\u0259n l\u0259q\u0259bl\u0259rdir. Onun haqq\u0131nda l\u0259tif\u0259l\u0259rin, ona qo\u015fulan la\u011fla\u011f\u0131 mahn\u0131lar\u0131n m\u0259tnl\u0259ri d\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n erotik m\u0259zmunda olub.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u0259s, faktlar n\u0259 deyir? Tarix onu daha \u00e7ox hans\u0131 kimliyi il\u0259 xat\u0131rlayacaq?<\/p>\n

\u201cBiz uduzduq, ideyalar\u0131m\u0131z m\u0259hv oldu, dostlar\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 \u00e7evrildil\u0259r, h\u0259yat\u0131m\u0131z yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaq \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 pisl\u0259\u015fdi. D\u00fcnya inqilab\u0131 yoxdur v\u0259 olmayacaq. \u018fg\u0259r olsayd\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z b\u0259lalar g\u0259tir\u0259rdi\u201d.
\n
\n Sonuncudan \u0259vv\u0259lki sevgilisin\u0259 – fransal\u0131 kommunist Marsel Bodiy\u0259 m\u0259ktubunda sovet Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n ilk feministi Aleksandra Kollontay bel\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259k SSR\u0130 Xarici \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyinin m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7isi v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 qalsa da, o, art\u0131q inqilab\u00e7\u0131-filan deyildi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, x\u0259st\u0259ydi d\u0259, 20 illik aradan sonra yenid\u0259n v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 qay\u0131tsa da (1945), siyasi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 qay\u0131tmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018ftrafla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rini minimuma endir\u0259n, ara-s\u0131ra Stalin\u0259 m\u0259dhiyy\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131 yazan eks-feminist Kollontay 80 ya\u015f\u0131na g\u00fcnl\u0259r qala (1952) \u00fcr\u0259k tutmas\u0131ndan v\u0259fat ed\u0259c\u0259kdi.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 daha \u00e7ox sevgi mac\u0259ralar\u0131yla, tez sevib tez d\u0259 t\u0259rk etdiyi ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 q\u0259ddarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u0259h\u015fur olan Kollontay siyas\u0259t meydan\u0131nda da az q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 qazanmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259m Xalq Komissarlar\u0131 Sovetinin ilk t\u0259rkibin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n (sosial m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 komissar statusunda), h\u0259m d\u0259 RSDFP-nin (Rusiya Sosial Demokrat F\u0259hl\u0259 Partiyas\u0131) VI-c\u0131 qurultay\u0131 zaman\u0131 Lenin, Stalin, Trotski, Dzerjinski, Sverdlov, Zinovyev, Kamenev, Buxarin v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ril\u0259 birlikd\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Komit\u0259y\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n yegan\u0259 qad\u0131n Aleksandra olmu\u015fdu. \u015e\u0259xsi h\u0259yat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kimi, o, siyas\u0259td\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259rt, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinmirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, yeni hakimiyy\u0259t kils\u0259yl\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 ehtiyatla davranmaqdayk\u0259n Kollontay Aleksandr Nevski Monast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u0259lill\u0259r evin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k fikrin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 sevgilisi D\u0131benko vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ora silahl\u0131 matroslar g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdi. \u018fhalinin v\u0259 monast\u0131r r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin ciddi etirazlar\u0131na onlar pulemyot at\u0259\u015fiyl\u0259 cavab vermi\u015f, rahibl\u0259rd\u0259n birini \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl yaralam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn sonra kils\u0259nin onun haqq\u0131nda l\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259 h\u00f6km\u00fc \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fid\u0259n inqilab\u00e7\u0131 xan\u0131m bu x\u0259b\u0259r\u0259 ucadan q\u0259hq\u0259h\u0259 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259kl\u0259 reaksiya vermi\u015fdi. V\u0259 ya u\u011fursuz Narva \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259min o D\u0131benkonun c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b etmi\u015f Lenind\u0259n heyif \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Brest s\u00fclh m\u00fcqaliv\u0259sin\u0259 etiraz etmi\u015f v\u0259 protest olaraq h\u00f6kum\u0259tin t\u0259rkibind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fvv\u0259l Norve\u00e7d\u0259, ard\u0131nca Meksikada, sonra yenid\u0259n Norve\u00e7d\u0259 (1922-1930-cu ill\u0259r) v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, \u0130sve\u00e7d\u0259 s\u0259fir oldu\u011fu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Aleksandran\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 daha \u00e7ox xeyri d\u0259ymi\u015fdi – SSR\u0130-nin Norve\u00e7 v\u0259 Meksikayla ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri qurmas\u0131na nail olmu\u015f; \u0130sve\u00e7d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 (1930-1945) bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin SSR\u0130 \u0259razisin\u0259 qo\u015fun yeritm\u0259sini \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259y\u0259 bilmi\u015f v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, fin kampaniyas\u0131nda (1939) SSR\u0130-nin q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131; 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Finlandiyan\u0131 \u0130kinci d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa inand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, bununla da sovet qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n Avropa \u0259razisin\u0259 daha tez daxil olmas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n K\u0259nardan xeyli u\u011furlu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n bu bioqrafiya \u0259slind\u0259 bir m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t hekay\u0259sidir \u2013 f\u0259ailiyy\u0259tinin ana x\u0259tti qad\u0131n haqlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259minat\u0131 olan, bunu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259sas missiyas\u0131 hesab ed\u0259n Kollontay v\u0259fas\u0131z D\u0131benkonun x\u0259yan\u0259tind\u0259n sars\u0131laraq ondan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn q\u0259d\u0259r uza\u011fa getm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Stalin\u0259 m\u0259ktub yaz\u0131b \u201cpartiya tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131yla\u201d xaric\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259sini xahi\u015f etmi\u015f, \u0259vv\u0259lini azad v\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259li ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci hiss\u0259sind\u0259 siyasi diskussiyalar\u0131n, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n, h\u0259tta art\u0131q \u201cf\u201d-sini bel\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz etm\u0259diyi feminizmin d\u0259 da\u015f\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd Aleksandra diplomatiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 parlaya bilmi\u015f, Avropada say\u0131lan, se\u00e7il\u0259n s\u0259firl\u0259rd\u0259n biri olmu\u015f v\u0259 diplomat kimliyil\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6n\u0259mli fiqura \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259siydi ki, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 r\u0259qib g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc silahda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 birc\u0259-birc\u0259 m\u0259hv ed\u0259n Stalin RSDFP MK-n\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lki t\u0259rkibind\u0259n ancaq onu sa\u011f saxlamaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259n azad olmaq ist\u0259yirdim…\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t z\u0259minind\u0259 istismar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan, tez-tez sevgili d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n Aleksandran\u0131n zamanla azad sevgi car\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131l\u011f\u0131n bir feminist\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si t\u0259bii idi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, buna siyasi t\u0259l\u0259b d\u0259 vard\u0131: inqilabdan sonrak\u0131 ilk onillikd\u0259 Sovet Rusiyas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan siyasi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi emansipasiya o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn hegemon z\u00fcmr\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f proletariatda t\u0259kc\u0259 istehsal vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc haqda deyil, cinsl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q dan\u0131\u015fmaq h\u0259v\u0259si yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u201cProletarlar\u0131n cinsi \u0259xlaq\u0131\u201d m\u00f6vzusu h\u0259tta partiya m\u0259tbuat\u0131nda da geni\u015f m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunurdu, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 azad qad\u0131n obraz\u0131na ehtiyac yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Ovaxtk\u0131 \u201cbirinci ledi\u201d Nadejda Krupskaya d\u00f6vr\u00fcn seks-simvolu roluna uy\u011fun g\u0259lmirdi, o \u0259r\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ail\u0259, \u0259xlaq v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259viyyat haqda bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sisteml\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan Kollontaysa tam da bu q\u0259libd\u0259ydi.<\/p>\n

31 mart 1872-ci ild\u0259 general Mixail Domontovi\u00e7in ail\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259l\u0259n, s\u0259hh\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 ged\u0259 bilm\u0259yib m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rd\u0259n evd\u0259 d\u0259rs alan Aleksandra 19 ya\u015f\u0131nda imtahan verib gimnaziya diplomu alanda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 dil (ingilis, frans\u0131z, alman, norve\u00e7 v\u0259 fin dill\u0259rini) bilirdi. Amma anas\u0131 onun universitet\u0259 girm\u0259k niyy\u0259tin\u0259 q\u0259ti \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u201cyox\u201d demi\u015fdi, ail\u0259nin fikri bu \u0259rk\u00f6y\u00fcn q\u0131z\u0131 tezlikl\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tli birin\u0259 \u0259r\u0259 verm\u0259kdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Onlar\u0131n plan\u0131 ba\u015f tutmad\u0131, 1893-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Aleksandra kas\u0131b birin\u0259 \u2013 rusla\u015fm\u0131\u015f polyak ail\u0259sinin zabit o\u011flu, uzaq qohumlar\u0131 (sonradan general r\u00fctb\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259lmi\u015f) Vladimir Kollontaya \u0259r\u0259 getdi . Bir ild\u0259n sonra o, d\u00fcnyaya bir o\u011flan u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u0259tirdi, amma sakit h\u0259yat b\u00f6y\u00fck i\u015fl\u0259r v\u0259 mac\u0259ralar h\u0259v\u0259skar\u0131 Aleksandran\u0131 tezlikl\u0259 dar\u0131xd\u0131rma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131, ail\u0259 oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qoruyucusu v\u0259 ana rolu onun he\u00e7 \u00fcr\u0259yinc\u0259 deyildi: \u201cM\u0259n azad olmaq ist\u0259yirdim. Ki\u00e7ik t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat i\u015fl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc al\u0131rd\u0131, povest v\u0259 romanlar\u0131m\u0131 yaza bilmirdim.. O\u011flum yuxuya ged\u0259n kimi yan ota\u011fa ke\u00e7ib Leninin kitab\u0131n\u0131 oxuma\u011fa davam edirdim\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra Aleksandra \u0259rinin yax\u0131n dostu, onlar\u0131n evind\u0259 qalan Aleksandr Satkevi\u00e7l\u0259 alovlu e\u015fq ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r (Bu sevgi \u00fc\u00e7buca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 o, sonralar bel\u0259 xat\u0131rlayacaqd\u0131: \u201cOnlara deyirdim ki, m\u0259n sizin ikinizi d\u0259 sevir\u0259m, ikinizi eyni vaxtda sevir\u0259m\u201d).\n<\/p>\n

\n Kollontay\u0131n n\u00f6vb\u0259ti sevgilisi m\u0259h\u015fur iqtisad\u00e7\u0131 Pyotr Maslov evliydi, arvad\u0131ndan m\u00f6hk\u0259m qorxurdu v\u0259 h\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n sonra t\u0259l\u0259sik ev\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131. Aleksandra buna \u00e7ox \u0259s\u0259bl\u0259\u015fs\u0259 d\u0259, yeni mac\u0259ras\u0131n\u0131 he\u00e7 kimd\u0259n gizl\u0259tmirdi. G\u00fcnl\u0259rin birind\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259yat onu bezdirdi v\u0259 evliliyinin 5-ci ilind\u0259 (1898-d\u0259) \u0259rini v\u0259 sevgilil\u0259rini t\u0259rk edib universitetd\u0259 t\u0259hsil almaq b\u0259han\u0259siyl\u0259 Avropaya getdi \u2013 o\u011flunu \u0259rinin himay\u0259sind\u0259 buraxaraq.\n<\/p>\n

\n O \u0259r\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 Aleksandra t\u0259kc\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011fa yox, art\u0131q h\u0259m d\u0259 inqilabi ideyalara meyil salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 – Leninin n\u00fcfuzlu tan\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olan Yelena Stasovan\u0131n vasit\u0259\u00e7iliyil\u0259 \u00fczv oldu\u011fu gizli d\u0259rn\u0259yin y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqlar\u0131na qat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, qada\u011fan olunmu\u015f \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n d\u0259rn\u0259k \u00fczvl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015find\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avropada Kollontay yerli sosial-demokratlarla tan\u0131\u015f olur v\u0259 bir il sonra Rusiyaya qay\u0131danda RSDFP-y\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Avropaya ikinci gedi\u015find\u0259 is\u0259 d\u00fcnya inqilab h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Plexanovu, Roza L\u00fcksemburqu, Klara Setkini, Karl Libkxneti tan\u0131y\u0131r. H\u0259tta AB\u015e-a da gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r – RSDFP \u00fczv\u00fc kimi beyn\u0259lxalq sosialist konqresl\u0259r\u0259 qat\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Aleksandra partiyada iki \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu qad\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir (Krupskaya d\u00fcnya proletariat\u0131n\u0131n liderinin xan\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil siyas\u0259t\u00e7i kimi q\u0259bul olunmurdu): onun kimi varl\u0131 ail\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan, amma inqilabdan ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 kimi sevm\u0259y\u0259n, \u0259sas i\u015fi d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri (el\u0259 dostlar\u0131 da) c\u0259zaland\u0131rmaqdan ibar\u0259t olan qaraqabaq v\u0259 z\u0259hmli Rozaliya Zemlya\u00e7kadan f\u0259rqli olaraq az qala b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropa dill\u0259rind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan, x\u0259z geyib brilyantlar taxan, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259 r\u0259qs edib \u0259yl\u0259n\u0259n, az qala g\u00fcnd\u0259 bir sevgili d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n Kollontay n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259\u00e7i kimi tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Feminizmin sovet verisyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifi d\u0259 m\u0259hz o idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n RSDFP bol\u015fevikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 men\u015fevikl\u0259r\u0259 par\u00e7alananda Aleksandra orta m\u00f6vqe tutur, daha \u00e7ox men\u015fevikl\u0259r\u0259 simpatiya b\u0259sl\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, f\u0259liyy\u0259t sah\u0259si olaraq h\u0259r iki fraksiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ikinci d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li, \u00f6z\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcns\u0259 \u00e7ox \u00f6n\u0259mli olan, m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini qism\u0259n d\u0259 olsa qoruya bil\u0259c\u0259yi bir sah\u0259ni \u2013 qad\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ir.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qad\u0131nlara se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n sufrajist qad\u0131nlar h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259kd\u0259ydi. Kollontay da bu ideyan\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yirdi, amma o, ki\u015fil\u0259rl\u0259 qad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rlik t\u0259l\u0259bil\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nmir, yeni prinsipl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulacaq yeni c\u0259miyy\u0259t arzulay\u0131rd\u0131. Onu klassik feministl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndir\u0259n \u0259sas c\u0259h\u0259t qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 inqilab m\u00f6vzular\u0131n\u0131 bir arada g\u00f6rm\u0259si idi, burjua t\u0259may\u00fcll\u00fc feminizmin h\u0259d\u0259fi is\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki statusunu y\u00fcks\u0259ltm\u0259kdi. Amma Kollantay marksist feministl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259 ortaq m\u0259xr\u0259c\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259yib \u201cdo\u011fmalar aras\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u0259\u201dy\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259, birincil\u0259rd\u0259n \u201cradikal bol\u015fevik\u201d dam\u011fas\u0131 \u201cqazanmas\u0131\u201d azm\u0131\u015f kimi, ikincil\u0259rin \u201cproletar feminizmi qad\u0131n feminizmin\u0259 yuvarlatmaq\u201d ittiham\u0131na m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n R\u0259dd olsun ail\u0259!\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n Kollontaya g\u00f6r\u0259, ail\u0259 kapital y\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f t\u0259sisat oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kommunizmd\u0259 ona yer olmamal\u0131yd\u0131. O, \u0259rin arvad\u0131 (v\u0259 ya \u0259ksin\u0259) \u00f6z m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti olaraq g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc bu qurumu atavizm say\u0131r v\u0259 hesab edirdi ki, ail\u0259 institutu qad\u0131nlar\u0131 proletariat\u0131n maraqlar\u0131ndan uzaqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, ail\u0259 qoruyucusu-u\u015faq t\u0259rbiy\u0259\u00e7isi roluyla onlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tini t\u0259hqir edir. Min ill\u0259rin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sin\u0259 bel\u0259 radikal bax\u0131\u015f he\u00e7 d\u0259 ham\u0131n\u0131n xo\u015funa g\u0259lmirdi v\u0259 h\u0259tta buna g\u00f6r\u0259 Aleksandra bir ne\u00e7\u0259 sevgilisind\u0259n ayr\u0131lmal\u0131 olmu\u015fdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, d\u0259fn m\u0259rasimind\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Aleksandr \u015elyapnikov (Leninin yax\u0131n silahda\u015f\u0131 olan \u015elyapnikovun 26, Kollontay\u0131n 39 ya\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131 v\u0259 bu, ilk bel\u0259 hal deyildi \u2013 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131ndan g\u0259nc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n Kollontay, ad\u0259t\u0259n, \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n xeyli cavan ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 vurulurdu, bu haqda s\u00f6z d\u00fc\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 \u201cN\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ki, bizi sevirl\u0259r, biz g\u0259ncik\u201d deyirdi) m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini ciddil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k ist\u0259yib ondan evd\u0259 inqilab\u00e7\u0131-feminist kimi yox, normal qad\u0131n v\u0259 h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 olaraq davranma\u011f\u0131 xahi\u015f ed\u0259nd\u0259 Kollontay\u0131n \u201c\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f\u201d, ona olan sevgisi bitmi\u015fdi. Amma buna t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259nmi\u015fdi d\u0259:\n<\/p>\n

\n \u201cFiziki yax\u0131nl\u0131q fikri m\u0259ni qorxudur. Qocal\u0131ram yoxsa? Yox, sad\u0259c\u0259 h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 olma\u011f\u0131n m\u0259suliyy\u0259tini da\u015f\u0131maq ist\u0259mir\u0259m. M\u0259n \u00f6z yata\u011f\u0131m\u0131, t\u0259nhal\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131, rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ox sevir\u0259m… Ka\u015f ki, o, burda bir yolda\u015f kimi ya\u015faya bils\u0259ydi! Evlilik ist\u0259mir\u0259m! Bu, a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fdir…\u201d<\/p>\n

Aleksandra inqilabdan sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1922) utopik hekay\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259yal\u0131ndak\u0131 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi t\u0259svir etmi\u015fdi. \u201cTezlikl\u0259\u201d adlanan bu hekay\u0259d\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259r 1970-ci ild\u0259 c\u0259r\u0259yan edir: \u201cH\u0259yat el\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil olunub ki, insanlar ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yox, \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun ya\u015f qruplar\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131rlar. Balacalar \u2013 \u201cU\u015faq saray\u0131\u201dnda, g\u0259nc o\u011flan v\u0259 q\u0131zlar \u2013 ba\u011f\u00e7alarla \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015f \u015f\u0259n evcikl\u0259rd\u0259, b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r \u2013 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif z\u00f6vql\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun yataqxanalarda, qocalar \u2013 \u201c\u0130stirah\u0259t evi\u201dnd\u0259. Kommunlarda n\u0259 varl\u0131 var, n\u0259 d\u0259 kas\u0131b. Bunlar unudulmu\u015f s\u00f6zl\u0259rdir v\u0259 art\u0131q he\u00e7 bir anlam da\u015f\u0131m\u0131rlar. Kommuna \u00fczvl\u0259rinin b\u00fct\u00fcn ehtiyaclar\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259nir. Yem\u0259k, geyim, kitab, \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259 – ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kommuna t\u0259min edir. \u018fv\u0259zind\u0259 kommuna \u00fczv\u00fc \u00f6z \u0259ll\u0259rini g\u00fcnd\u0259 iki saatl\u0131\u011fa kommunaya verir\u201d. G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi Kollontay bel\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Q\u0131sqancl\u0131q ke\u00e7mi\u015fin qal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n \u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cYeni qad\u0131n\u201d m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 (1913) Aleksandra qad\u0131nlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn formala\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni prinsipl\u0259rind\u0259n yaz\u0131rd\u0131:\n<\/p>\n

\n – emosiyalar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u00e7almaq, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fct\u0259rbiy\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259ri yaratmaq;
\n
\n – q\u0131sqancl\u0131qdan imtina etm\u0259k, ki\u015fil\u0259rin azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fmaq;
\n
\n – ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n maddi t\u0259minat yox, qad\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259k;
\n
\n – yeni qad\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tdir, onun maraqlar\u0131 ev, ail\u0259 v\u0259 sevgil\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r;
\n
\n – sevgi iztirablar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131la tabe etm\u0259k;
\n
\n – sevgi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 ikili burjua \u0259xlaq\u0131ndan imtina etm\u0259k, \u00f6z seksuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gizl\u0259tm\u0259m\u0259k.\n<\/p>\n

\n Kollontay\u0131n x\u0259yal\u0131ndak\u0131 \u201cideal qad\u0131n\u201d obraz\u0131 bel\u0259ydi. Burjua c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin s\u00f6z\u0259baxan, d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc v\u0259 ancaq ail\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259, \u0259rind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc qad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fccl\u00fc, m\u00fcst\u0259qil, ki\u015fi despotizmin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259n, hissl\u0259rini v\u0259 emosiyalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fl\u0131na tabe etm\u0259yi bacaran qad\u0131n \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259liydi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Aleksandra hesab edirdi ki, q\u0131sqancl\u0131q k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f hissdir v\u0259 \u201cYeni qad\u0131n\u0131n daxilind\u0259ki \u201cq\u0131sqanc di\u015fi\u201d getdikc\u0259 daha tez-tez \u201cqad\u0131n-insan\u201da m\u0259\u011flub olur\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n Amma bir \u00e7ox t\u0259bli\u011fat\u00e7\u0131 kimi, o da \u00f6z ideyalar\u0131na he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 sadiq qala bilmirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t\u00e7iliy\u0259 v\u0259 partnyorlar\u0131n bir-birini q\u0131sqanmas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan, m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cBu ad\u0259t bird\u0259f\u0259lik yox olmal\u0131d\u0131r, m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t\u0259 \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259y\u0259r kimi baxmaq burjua d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sinin qal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yax\u015f\u0131 bir dostuna \u201cm\u0259nimki\u201d dey\u0259 bilm\u0259zs\u0259n\u201d yazan Kollontay Leninin v\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlikd\u0259ki dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin t\u0259l\u0259bil\u0259 uzun ill\u0259rd\u0259n sonra ikinci d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259 (bunu \u015fifahi d\u0259 olsa, b\u0259yan etm\u0259y\u0259) m\u0259cbur oldu\u011fu adam\u0131n \u2013 savad\u0131 v\u0259 intellektiyl\u0259 onun \u0259lin\u0259 su t\u00f6km\u0259y\u0259 bel\u0259 yaramayan ke\u00e7mi\u015f motros Pavel D\u0131benkonun ba\u015fqas\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc bil\u0259nd\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259nmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n G\u00fcnd\u0259liyind\u0259ki qeyd bu hadis\u0259nin Kollontaya nec\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r t\u0259sir etdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir: \u201cDo\u011frudanm\u0131, Pavel daha m\u0259ni bir qad\u0131n olaraq sevmir? Niy\u0259 ona \u201cg\u00f6y\u0259r\u00e7inim\u201d deyir, ax\u0131, bu, m\u0259nim ad\u0131md\u0131r. M\u0259ni \u0259n \u00e7ox bu a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r. N\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ki, bir-birimizi sevirik, Pavel bu ad\u0131 he\u00e7 kim\u0259 ver\u0259 bilm\u0259z\u201d. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, sevgilisi ondan 17 ya\u015f (Pavelin 28, Aleksandran\u0131n 45 ya\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131) ki\u00e7ik idi. D\u0131benkodan sonra – Norve\u00e7d\u0259 s\u0259fir i\u015fl\u0259diyi m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 sevdiyi Marsel Bodiyl\u0259 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 ya\u015f f\u0259rqi 21, sonuncu sevgilisi Semyon Mirn\u0131 il\u0259s\u0259 26 il olacaqd\u0131 (s\u0259firliyin katibi olan bu g\u0259ncl\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t quranda Kollontay\u0131n 58 ya\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131).\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n Bir st\u0259kan su\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n O ill\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201cbir st\u0259kan su\u201d n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini d\u0259 Kollontaya aid edirl\u0259r. Bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, insanlar\u0131n seksl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq ist\u0259yi bir st\u0259kan su i\u00e7m\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r asan t\u0259min olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Amma Aleksandran\u0131n n\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, n\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259dii yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda seks\u0259 bel\u0259 yana\u015fma var. \u00c7ox g\u00fcman, m\u00fc\u0259llifliyi ona m\u0259lum imicin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 yara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rlar . Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur sosioloqu Pitirim Sorokin \u201cRus g\u00fcnd\u0259liyind\u0259n s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259r\u201d kitab\u0131nda ail\u0259 institutuna m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti h\u0259tta bol\u015fevikl\u0259rin d\u0259 bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan radikal olan bu qad\u0131n\u0131n \u0259slind\u0259 nimfoman oldu\u011funu, \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 partnyorlar\u0131 olmas\u0131na r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n seksd\u0259n doymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131b.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130nsaf namin\u0259 qeyd ed\u0259k ki, \u0259slind\u0259 Kollontay tam olaraq nizams\u0131z cinsi \u0259laq\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yox, cinsi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 yeni proletar \u0259xlaq\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259bli\u011f edib. \u0130nqilab\u00e7\u0131 \u0259sg\u0259r v\u0259 matroslara m\u00fcraci\u0259tind\u0259 (1917) \u201cCinsi ist\u0259kl\u0259rinizi bo\u011fmay\u0131n, instinktl\u0259rinizi azad edin v\u0259 sevgi h\u0259zl\u0259rin\u0259 meydan a\u00e7\u0131n!\u201d \u015f\u00fcar\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrs\u0259 d\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur \u201cQanadl\u0131 Erosa yol verin!\u201d m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 (1923) \u201cyeni proletar \u0259xlaq\u0131\u201d dediyi \u015fey\u0259 t\u0259rif verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131b:\n<\/p>\n

\n \u201cF\u0259hl\u0259 sinfinin \u201cqanadl\u0131 Eros\u201da haqq tan\u0131yan ideologiyas\u0131 eyni zamanda ona nail olacaq ki, \u0259m\u0259k kollektivi \u00fczvl\u0259rinin bir-birin\u0259 olan sevgisi daha b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259 – kollektiv\u0259 olan sevgi-borc hissin\u0259 uduzacaq. \u0130ki cinsi birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n sevgi n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck olur-olsun, onlar\u0131 bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011flayan \u00fcr\u0259k v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259viyyat ba\u011flar\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox olur-olsun, f\u0259rdi kollektiv\u0259 ba\u011flayan ba\u011flar daha \u00e7ox v\u0259 daha m\u00f6hk\u0259m olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Burjua \u0259xlaq\u0131 h\u0259r \u015feyi sevdiyin adama verm\u0259yi t\u0259l\u0259b edir, proletar \u0259xlaq\u0131 is\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyi kollektiv\u0259 verm\u0259yi t\u0259l\u0259b edir \u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n Amma c\u0259mi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il sonra Kollontay\u0131n yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 he\u00e7 kim\u0259 laz\u0131m olmayacaqd\u0131 – Stalin SSR\u0130-d\u0259 \u201cqad\u0131n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin tam h\u0259ll olundu\u011funu b\u0259yan ed\u0259c\u0259k, Kollontay\u0131n fikirl\u0259rini \u201cmarksizm\u0259 yad\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131b arxiv\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259c\u0259kdi. C\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259lqin olunacaqd\u0131 ki, yeni c\u0259miyy\u0259t qurucular\u0131 \u00f6z enerjil\u0259rini seksual \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259rf etm\u0259m\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Az sonra da bol\u015fevikl\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya car \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r ki, \u201cBizim \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 seks yoxdur!\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarix onu daha \u00e7ox hans\u0131 kimliyi il\u0259 xat\u0131rlayacaq?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":110654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-191995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAleksandra Kollontay - feminist, yoxsa nimfoman - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/aleksandra-kollontay-feminist-yoxsa-nimfoman\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aleksandra Kollontay - 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