\n Avtoritarizmin oturu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan iki m\u00fch\u00fcm \u015f\u0259rtd\u0259n biri avtoritar \u015f\u0259xsin s\u0259rt irad\u0259si v\u0259 q\u0259tiyy\u0259tidirs\u0259, dig\u0259ri insanlar\u0131n ona tabe\u00e7iliy\u0259 meylli olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Avtoritar idar\u0259tm\u0259nin nec\u0259 meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hlilin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 insanlar\u0131n niy\u0259 avtoritet\u0259 boyun \u0259ym\u0259sinin psixoloji aspektin\u0259 g\u00f6z atmaqda yarar var. Q\u0259rarverm\u0259 prosesind\u0259 insanlar \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fu qrupun bax\u0131\u015f buca\u011f\u0131na tabe\u00e7iliy\u0259 meylli olur. K\u00fctl\u0259vi i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 s\u0259thi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr v\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyi m\u00f6vqeni rahat \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259yir. Ancaq fikrini soru\u015fmu\u015f olsaq, y\u0259qin ki, \u00e7ox az adam tabe\u00e7iliy\u0259 meylli ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini etiraf ed\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Psixoloq Stanley Milqram\u0131n \u201cAvtoritet\u0259 yox dey\u0259 bilm\u0259m\u0259k\u201d eksperimenti bu bax\u0131mdan \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. Milqram Gestaponun m\u0259\u015fhur zabiti Adolf Eyxman\u0131n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sini izl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n \u201cNasist Almaniyas\u0131ndak\u0131 y\u0259hudi soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n icra\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olan minl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259xs t\u00f6r\u0259tdikl\u0259ri bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tl\u0259rin n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259rqind\u0259 idil\u0259r? Bu cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri bil\u0259r\u0259k, ist\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, d\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259kmi t\u00f6r\u0259dirdil\u0259r. Yoxsa sad\u0259c\u0259 \u0259mrl\u0259rimi icra edirdil\u0259r\u201d sual\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n
\n O, avtoritar \u015f\u0259xsin v\u0259 ya qurumun ist\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 ita\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 insanlar\u0131n n\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 haz\u0131r olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6z vicdanlar\u0131na r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n) \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eksperiment aparmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lir. Eksperiment\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sosial qruplardan v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif mill\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n 20-50 ya\u015f aras\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r c\u0259lb olunur. Se\u00e7il\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131nda t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259si ibtidaid\u0259n elml\u0259r doktoruna q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r vard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Eksperiment m\u00fc\u0259llim-t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259visind\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u0259tbiq \u00fcsulu:\n<\/p>\n
\n Eksperimentd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259ma-mavi, heyvan-v\u0259h\u015fi, limon-sar\u0131 v\u0259 s. tipli c\u00fct s\u00f6zl\u0259ri \u0259zb\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259k tap\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilir. M\u00fc\u0259llim s\u00f6z\u00fcn birinci hiss\u0259sini s\u0259sl\u0259ndirib, ikinci hiss\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259d\u0259n soru\u015fur. H\u0259r yanl\u0131\u015f cavabda c\u0259za olaraq t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin b\u0259d\u0259nin\u0259 artan miqdarda elektrik c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131 verilir. \u201cT\u0259l\u0259b\u0259\u201d v\u0259 \u201cm\u00fc\u0259llim\u201d bir-birinin s\u0259sini e\u015fid\u0259c\u0259yi, amma bir-birini g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yi f\u0259rqli otaqlarda yerl\u0259\u015fdirilirl\u0259r. Eksperimentin m\u0259qs\u0259din\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, avtoriteti t\u0259msil ed\u0259c\u0259k s\u0259rt v\u0259 intizaml\u0131 \u015f\u0259xs (ara\u015fd\u0131rma qrupunun \u00fczv\u00fc) eksperiment boyu m\u00fc\u0259llimin yan\u0131nda dayan\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqat ba\u015flamazdan \u0259vv\u0259l t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin hiss ed\u0259c\u0259yi a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr ed\u0259 bilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259llim\u0259 45 voltluq c\u0259r\u0259yan t\u0259tbiq edilir v\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k voltajdak\u0131 (450 volt) c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm riski da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilir. H\u0259qiq\u0259td\u0259 is\u0259 c\u0259rayan yox idi \u2013 bu, sad\u0259c\u0259 simulyasiya idi. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma qrupunun dig\u0259r \u00fczv\u00fc audiokaset\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131rma s\u0259sl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f voltaj miqdar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259ndirirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin elektro\u015foka nec\u0259 reaksiya ver\u0259c\u0259yi d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi: 120 voltda \u015fikay\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259k, 150 voltda eksperimentd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmaq ist\u0259diyini dey\u0259c\u0259k, 285 voltda a\u011fr\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131racaq v\u0259 s\u0259si k\u0259sil\u0259c\u0259kdi. Y\u0259ni eksperiment\u0259 c\u0259lb edil\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llimin bundan sonra t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259y\u0259 n\u0259 oldu\u011funu bilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259r hans\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 prosesi dayand\u0131rmaq ist\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259 is\u0259 yan\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u0259rt g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc \u015f\u0259xs t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llim\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 t\u0259rzd\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q edilirdi:\n<\/p>\n
\n \u2022 Davam edin.
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\n \u2022 Eksperiment \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn davam etm\u0259lisiniz.
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\n \u2022 Davam etm\u0259yiniz \u00e7ox vacibdir.
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\n \u2022 Ba\u015fqa yolunuz yoxdur. Davam etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbursunuz.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fc\u0259llim bu d\u00f6rd x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131qdan sonra yen\u0259 d\u0259 dayanmaq ist\u0259diyini bildir\u0259rs\u0259, eksperiment dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u018fks halda elektrok\u015fokun \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k h\u0259ddi olan 450 voltun m\u00fc\u0259llim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 3 d\u0259f\u0259 ard-arda t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam edirdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Eksperimentin sonunda ayd\u0131n olur ki, c\u0259lb edil\u0259n \u201cm\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin\u201d 65%-i elektro\u015fokun 450 voltluq h\u0259ddini, h\u0259r n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ist\u0259ksiz olsalar da, t\u0259tbiq edibl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 eksperimentin hans\u0131sa m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 dayanmaq ist\u0259diyini bildirs\u0259 d\u0259, he\u00e7 biri elektro\u015fokun t\u0259tbiqini 300 volt s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 dayand\u0131rm\u0131r. Niy\u0259 dayanmaqda israr etm\u0259dik\u0259ri soru\u015fulanda is\u0259 (bir iki istisnayla) \u201cn\u0259 bilim, tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 icra etm\u0259liy\u0259m dey\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm\u201d \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 cavablar veribl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Milqram t\u0259dqiqat\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini bel\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirir: \u201cN\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, sad\u0259c\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259sini icra etdiyini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n, \u00f6z irad\u0259sil\u0259 v\u0259h\u015filikl\u0259r\u0259 meyll\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n sad\u0259 insanlar bel\u0259 qorxunc i\u015fl\u0259rin icra\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7evril\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. \u00dcst\u0259lik, bu i\u015fin d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini g\u00f6rm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n avtoriteti r\u0259dd etm\u0259 potensial\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox az insanda oldu\u011fu ac\u0131 h\u0259qiq\u0259t kimi \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r\u201d.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu eksperiment eyni zamanda t\u00f6r\u0259tdikl\u0259ri d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 insanlar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 nec\u0259 haqq qazand\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya qoyur:\n<\/p>\n
\n -Eksperiment\u0259 c\u0259lb edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259rini veril\u0259n tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131n icra\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olaraq g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 cavabdehlik da\u015f\u0131mad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r.
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\n -H\u0259tta ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259rin kims\u0259d\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sasland\u0131rma\u011fa da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar v\u0259 eksperimentin sanki qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n g\u00fcc t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259tbiq edilirmi\u015f kimi t\u0259qdim edirl\u0259r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 eksperiment davam etm\u0259li imi\u015f.
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\n -Bir \u00e7oxu t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259tbiq etdikl\u0259ri c\u0259zaya haqq qazand\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlara olan m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259r\u0259k, \u0259slind\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri elekto\u015fok t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259li olan keyfiyy\u0259tsiz \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r hesab etdikl\u0259rini bildirirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Soyq\u0131r\u0131m kimi d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli k\u00fctl\u0259vi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 eksperimentl\u0259 izah etm\u0259k, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, yet\u0259rli deyil. Amma bu c\u00fcr ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlama\u011fa xeyli k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n halda bu eksperiment g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, insanlarda avtoritet\u0259 boyun \u0259ym\u0259k v\u0259 inanmaq meyli veril\u0259n \u0259mrl\u0259ri icra etm\u0259k namin\u0259 \u0259xlaq\u0131 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini, xarekterl\u0259rini v\u0259 irad\u0259l\u0259rini asanl\u0131qla t\u0259rk ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n m\u0259hz bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti – f\u0259rdin avtoritet\u0259 tabe\u00e7iliy\u0259 meyilli olmas\u0131 insan-d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi ita\u0259ti, bu da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 avtoritarizm\u0259 boyun \u0259y\u0259n toplumlar\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, ita\u0259tsizliyin g\u00fcnahkarl\u0131q hissi kimi t\u0259lqin edilm\u0259si v\u0259 toplum t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259 bunun bel\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si, ita\u0259ti buna h\u00f6km ed\u0259nin (avtoritar\u0131n) g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259sas qayna\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evirir. Ke\u00e7mi\u015find\u0259 ita\u0259tsizlik kimliyi ya\u015famam\u0131\u015f toplum \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu s\u00fckutun davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ita\u0259tin az qala mental d\u0259y\u0259r kimi h\u0259zm edilm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259rinl\u0259r\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilir.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018fsrl\u0259r boyu krallar, dini r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259r, h\u0259tta valideynl\u0259r ita\u0259ti namuslu v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259li, ita\u0259tsizliyi is\u0259 yek\u0259xana adam\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti kimi israrla m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edibl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Tarix boyu insanlara ita\u0259t t\u0259lqin olunub.\n<\/p>\n
\n T\u0259lqin edil\u0259n fikir budur ki, insan c\u0259nn\u0259td\u0259n ita\u0259tsizliy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 qovulub. Dem\u0259li, o, \u201cg\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131\u201d yumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259ldiyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cc\u0259nn\u0259t\u201dini ita\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k qurmal\u0131, t\u0259kc\u0259 tanr\u0131ya yox, h\u0259m d\u0259 fironlara, pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259, x\u0259lif\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, kils\u0259y\u0259, krallara ita\u0259t etm\u0259kl\u0259 ged\u0259c\u0259yi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cc\u0259nn\u0259t\u201dini qazanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Q\u0259rib\u0259dir ki, ita\u0259ti \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259bli\u011f ed\u0259n dini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 insanl\u0131q tarixinin \u0259slind\u0259 m\u0259hz ita\u0259tsizlikl\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inkar edir. Ad\u0259m v\u0259 H\u0259vva c\u0259nn\u0259td\u0259 ya\u015fayanda – ita\u0259t v\u0259 ita\u0259tsizlik dey\u0259 bir qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259diyi zamanda tanr\u0131 onlara b\u00fct\u00fcn meyv\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n yem\u0259y\u0259 icaz\u0259 vermi\u015f, yaln\u0131z birini qada\u011fan etmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ad\u0259m v\u0259 H\u0259vvan\u0131n bu qada\u011faya ita\u0259tsizliyi onlar\u0131n c\u0259nn\u0259td\u0259n qovulmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. G\u00f6zl\u0259rini a\u00e7d\u0131qlar\u0131nda bir-birinin ay\u0131blar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 yadla\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. T\u0259bi\u0259t d\u0259 onlara yad v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n idi. Art\u0131q insan c\u0259nn\u0259tin \u201chaz\u0131ra nazir\u201d imkanlar\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum olub \u00f6z g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 inanmal\u0131 v\u0259 tam bir insan olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bel\u0259c\u0259, ilk ita\u0259tsizlik insan\u0131n \u201cc\u0259nn\u0259td\u0259n qovularaq\u201d \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 azad olmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130brani mifologiyas\u0131ndak\u0131 Ad\u0259m v\u0259 H\u0259vvan\u0131n qada\u011faya qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 kimi, Yunan mifologiyas\u0131ndak\u0131 Prometey d\u0259 tanr\u0131lar\u0131n odunu \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmaqla ita\u0259tsizlik edir. Prometey d\u0259 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Amma \u0259fv ist\u0259yib t\u0259slim olmur. \u018fksin\u0259, q\u00fcrurla \u201cTanr\u0131lar\u0131n ita\u0259tkar k\u00f6l\u0259si olmaqdansa, z\u0259ncirl\u0259nm\u0259yi \u00fcst\u00fcn tuturam,\u201d- deyir. M\u0259hz bu ilk \u201cg\u00fcnah\u201dlar tarixin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, insanl\u0131q tarixi \u00f6z t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ita\u0259tsizlik n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirdikc\u0259 inki\u015fafa nail olur – ist\u0259r fiziki tabe\u00e7ilik, ist\u0259r ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259 z\u0259nciri, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 buxovu olsun. B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r formada b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 sor\u011fulayan v\u0259 zaman-zaman da \u201cyox\u201d dey\u0259 bil\u0259n insanlar\u0131n say\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqiy\u0259 nail olma\u011fa davam edir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Az \u0259vv\u0259l qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, insanl\u0131q tarixi ita\u0259tsizlikl\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b. Sona \u00e7atmas\u0131na da total ita\u0259t s\u0259b\u0259b olacaq. \u0130lk bax\u0131\u015fdan o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 a\u011flabatan g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ancaq bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259k: XXI \u0259srd\u0259, y\u00fcks\u0259k texnologiya v\u0259 atom \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda h\u00fcdudsuz g\u00fcc\u0259 sahib olanlar\u0131m\u0131z da daxil, \u00e7oxumuz t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr olaraq da\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r\u0131q. Fizikan\u0131n, astronomiyan\u0131n, t\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi bax\u0131m\u0131ndan XXI \u0259srin texnoloji insan\u0131n\u0131 yaradark\u0259n siyasi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n mental t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz texnologiya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox gerisind\u0259dir. H\u0259yat t\u0259rzimiz texnoloji, t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz arxaikdir. T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, \u0130\u015e\u0130D-in \u00fczv\u00fc insanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tanr\u0131n\u0131n \u0259mril\u0259 k\u0259sdiyin\u0259 inan\u0131r v\u0259 bu inanc\u0131n\u0131 \u0259lind\u0259ki \u0130-phone il\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n fenomeni olan sosial media vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yaya bilir. Texnoloji v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259ri 21 \u0259srd\u0259 olan bu insan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si da\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 deyilmi?! Bu m\u0259nada bir n\u0259f\u0259rin \u201cn\u00fcv\u0259 d\u00fcym\u0259sini bas\u201d \u0259mrin\u0259 ita\u0259ti il\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin m\u0259hv olmas\u0131 he\u00e7 d\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z olmaz.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, buradan h\u0259r ita\u0259tsizliyin \u00fcst\u00fcn m\u0259ziyy\u0259t, h\u0259r ita\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da q\u00fcsur oldu\u011fu n\u0259tic\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 yana\u015fma ita\u0259t v\u0259 ita\u0259tsizlik aras\u0131ndak\u0131 dialektik \u0259laq\u0259ni inkar etmi\u015f olard\u0131. Sad\u0259 bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 des\u0259k, bir ideologiyaya, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u00fcsavat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ita\u0259t dig\u0259rin\u0259, bol\u015fevizm\u0259 ita\u0259tsizlik dem\u0259kdir. V\u0259 ya totalitarizmin, avtoritarizmin insanl\u0131q \u0259leyhin\u0259 qanunlar\u0131na ita\u0259t b\u0259\u015f\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 ita\u0259tsizlikdirs\u0259, b\u0259\u015f\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 ita\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ita\u0259tsizlikdir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Terminl\u0259rd\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131q yaratmamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faq; h\u0259r hans\u0131 quruma, g\u00fcc\u00fc t\u0259msil ed\u0259n m\u0259rk\u0259z\u0259 (aid olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na) ita\u0259t boyun \u0259ym\u0259kdir. Y\u0259ni insan muxtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan vaz ke\u00e7ib \u00f6z irad\u0259si \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 ba\u015fqa g\u00fcc\u00fcn irad\u0259sini q\u0259bul edir. Bu, harada neqativ, harada pozitivdir? M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin \u00f6z m\u00fc\u0259llimin\u0259 ita\u0259ti pozitiv n\u0259tic\u0259li, k\u00f6l\u0259nin sahibin\u0259 ita\u0259ti neqativ n\u0259tic\u0259lidir. \u015e\u0259xsin \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131na, vicdan\u0131na, inanc\u0131na (aid oldu\u011funa) ita\u0259ti is\u0259 boyun \u0259ym\u0259k deyil, t\u0259sdiqdir. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bu ita\u0259t d\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q m\u0259nada pozitiv deyil. Buradak\u0131 do\u011frunu \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k ita\u0259t etm\u0259k\u201d v\u0259 \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259d\u0259n ita\u0259t etm\u0259k\u201d \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k tapa bil\u0259rik. \u0130ta\u0259t etdiyimiz inanc\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sor\u011fulama s\u00fczg\u0259cimizd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir\u0259 biliriks\u0259, bu, vicdani ita\u0259t olub pozitivi, sor\u011fulanmas\u0131 g\u00fcnah say\u0131lan inanc\u0131m\u0131za m\u00fctl\u0259q ita\u0259t is\u0259 neqativi t\u0259msil edir.\n<\/p>\n
\n B\u0259s, n\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 insan ita\u0259t\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r meyllidir v\u0259 niy\u0259 ita\u0259tsizlik onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259tindir?\n<\/p>\n
\n D\u00f6vl\u0259tin v\u0259 ya ictimai mentall\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00f6km\u00fcn\u0259 ita\u0259t etdiyi zaman insan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz hiss edir. \u018fslind\u0259 ita\u0259t etdiyi g\u00fcc\u00fcn n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t vermir.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u00c7\u00fcnki ita\u0259t etdikc\u0259, ita\u0259t etdiyi g\u00fcc\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu z\u0259nn ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fccl\u00fc hiss ed\u0259 bilir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu m\u0259nadak\u0131 ita\u0259tsizliks\u0259 insandan t\u0259nhal\u0131\u011fa, s\u0259hv etm\u0259y\u0259, h\u0259tta g\u00fcnah i\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b edir. \u018fks\u0259riyy\u0259tin ita\u0259t etdiyi g\u00fcc\u0259 bir insan\u0131n (v\u0259 ya bir qrupun) \u201cyox\u201d dey\u0259 bilm\u0259si onun kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yetkin, iqtisadi bax\u0131mdan azad, m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259n insan olmas\u0131 hal\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu halda insan azad olma\u011f\u0131n m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u015f-ba\u015fa qal\u0131r. Ac qalmaq t\u0259hdidi insan\u0131 h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 boyun \u0259ym\u0259y\u0259 zorlay\u0131r. Qarn\u0131 tox olmayan\u0131n c\u0259sar\u0259ti olmaz. \u018fg\u0259r insan m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n h\u00fcrk\u00fcrs\u0259, n\u0259 \u201cyox\u201d dem\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259ti \u00e7atacaq, n\u0259 d\u0259 azad olma\u011fa irad\u0259si. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259r olsun ki, insan\u0131n azadl\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259k g\u00fcc\u00fc maddi rifahdan qaynaqlan\u0131r. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, azadl\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259binin qayna\u011f\u0131 olan maddi rifah dey\u0259rk\u0259n m\u0259n h\u0259r an q\u0131r\u0131lmaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si olan korrupsiya z\u0259ncirinin yeml\u0259diyi Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259murunun s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rini yox, bu z\u0259ncird\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmadan rifaha qovu\u015fmu\u015f \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n insan\u201d\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturam.\n<\/p>\n
\n Kas\u0131bl\u0131qdan, m\u00f6htac olmaqdan bollu\u011fa ke\u00e7id insan\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mli m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259dir. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u201cyoxluq psixologiyas\u0131\u201d insanda narahatl\u0131q v\u0259 eqoizmi b\u0259sl\u0259yir. \u201cAc qalmaq\u201d t\u0259hdidil\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131-qar\u015f\u0131ya qalan insan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 dig\u0259r basq\u0131lar\u0131n olub-olmamas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq ita\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011fa meyill\u0259nir.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u201cBolluq psixologiyas\u0131\u201d is\u0259 insanda h\u0259yat e\u015fqi yarad\u0131r v\u0259 bu da, onu m\u0259n\u0259vi z\u0259nginliy\u0259 qovu\u015fduraraq \u0259dal\u0259tsizliy\u0259 \u201cyox\u201d dem\u0259y\u0259, y\u0259ni azad olma\u011fa y\u00f6n\u0259ldir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bu bax\u0131mdan azad olmaq v\u0259 \u201cyox\u201d dey\u0259 bilm\u0259k g\u00fcc\u00fc ayr\u0131lmaz c\u00fctl\u00fckd\u00fcr. Azadl\u0131\u011fa iddial\u0131, amma \u201cyox\u201d dem\u0259yi bacarmayan insan azad olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etiraf etm\u0259y\u0259n insand\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Psixoanalitik filosof Erik Fromm \u201c\u0130ta\u0259tsizliy\u0259 dair\u201d kitab\u0131nda (About disobedience and other essays) qeyd edir ki, \u201cInsanl\u0131q tarixi \u00e7oxlu\u011fun azl\u0131q \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00fcdudsuz hakimiyy\u0259tind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Bu d\u00fcz\u0259n d\u00fcnyada var olan s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin ki\u00e7ik elitan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtiyaclar\u0131na g\u00fccl\u0259 yetm\u0259si, \u00e7oxlu\u011fa is\u0259 bu s\u0259rv\u0259tin q\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7atmas\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 \u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259 davam edib. \u018fg\u0259r tox azl\u0131q bu s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 xo\u015f h\u0259yat ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259yirs\u0259, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, ac \u00e7oxlu\u011fa ita\u0259t etm\u0259yi \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259liydi. T\u0259bii, ita\u0259tkarl\u0131q xahi\u015fl\u0259 yox, xof v\u0259 qorxuyla yarad\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131\u201d.\n<\/p>\n
\n Amma yaln\u0131z qorxu hesab\u0131na yarad\u0131lan ita\u0259tkarl\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 daimi t\u0259hdid riski da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7oxlu\u011fun ita\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yaln\u0131z qorxuyla yox, h\u0259m d\u0259 onlar\u0131 k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ita\u0259t\u0259 s\u00f6vq ed\u0259c\u0259k, h\u0259tta ita\u0259ti qurtulu\u015f kimi g\u00f6rm\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259k ba\u015fqa instrumentl\u0259r tap\u0131laraq nail olunmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u018fg\u0259r bu \u201cita\u0259t iksiri\u201d tap\u0131lsa, o zaman g\u00fcc\u00fc t\u0259msil ed\u0259nl\u0259r ita\u0259tsizliyin g\u00fcnah, ita\u0259tin is\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcn m\u0259ziyy\u0259t oldu\u011funu elan ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, \u00e7oxluq do\u011fru olandan – ita\u0259td\u0259n yana olacaqd\u0131. \u201cDo\u011fru ita\u0259t\u0259\u201d boyun \u0259ym\u0259y\u0259n istisnalarsa onu se\u00e7\u0259n \u00e7oxluq t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanacaqd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Martin L\u00fcter\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Avropa tarixi el\u0259 bel\u0259 d\u0259 davam etdi. L\u00fcterd\u0259n Fransa burjua inqilab\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r Papa v\u0259 xan\u0259danlar m\u00fctl\u0259q monarxik avtoritarizmi d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 davam ed\u0259rk\u0259n, orta sinif v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 adamlar\u0131 bu d\u00fcz\u0259n\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. D\u00fcz\u0259n\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 tarixini is\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn elm adamlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 filosoflar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi intellektual m\u00fcst\u0259vi olmadan t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fczd\u00fcr. Bu z\u00fcmr\u0259nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k, analiz etm\u0259k, h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 duymaq keyifiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini yaymas\u0131 insanlar\u0131n \u201cyox\u201d dey\u0259 bilm\u0259 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131na v\u0259sil\u0259 oldu.\n<\/p>\n
\n Q\u0131sas\u0131, avtoritarizmin q\u0259nimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n toplumdur. K\u00fctl\u0259vi qorxudan xilas olma\u011f\u0131n yolu da m\u0259hz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fini m\u00fcbariz azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n qapal\u0131 dair\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259lqin etm\u0259kd\u0259n ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Avtoritarizmin oturu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan iki m\u00fch\u00fcm \u015f\u0259rtd\u0259n biri avtoritar \u015f\u0259xsin s\u0259rt irad\u0259si v\u0259 q\u0259tiyy\u0259tidirs\u0259, dig\u0259ri insanlar\u0131n ona tabe\u00e7iliy\u0259 meylli olmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":109987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-191785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n