{"id":190540,"date":"2018-06-21T20:36:17","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T20:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/lend-liz-haqqinda\/"},"modified":"2018-06-21T20:36:17","modified_gmt":"2018-06-21T20:36:17","slug":"lend-liz-haqqinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/lend-liz-haqqinda\/","title":{"rendered":"Lend-Liz haqq\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n T\u0259qvimin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n g\u00fcnl\u0259ri var ki, onlar yax\u0131nla\u015fark\u0259n aktualla\u015fan m\u00f6vzular olur. Bel\u0259 m\u00f6vzulardan biri d\u0259 \u0130kinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259 AB\u015e-n\u0131n SSR\u0130-y\u0259 lend-liz proqram\u0131 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi yard\u0131md\u0131r. \u0130yunun 22-i bel\u0259 t\u0259qvim g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir – Almaniyan\u0131n SSR\u0130-y\u0259 h\u00fccumunun 77-ci ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lend-liz bar\u0259d\u0259 bir qayda olaraq sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 ged\u0259n m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259timizd\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi iki antaqonist m\u00f6vqe s\u0259rgil\u0259yirl\u0259r. Bir t\u0259r\u0259f yard\u0131m\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 nasizm \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259d\u0259 c\u00fczi rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259f is\u0259 lend-liz olmadan SSR\u0130-nin Almaniya qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duru\u015f g\u0259tir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yi fikrini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u0259s \u0259sl h\u0259qiq\u0259t nec\u0259dir? \u0130ctimai maraq do\u011fura bil\u0259c\u0259yini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq m\u00f6vzu bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldim.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n 1941-ci il mart\u0131n 11-d\u0259 AB\u015e prezidenti Franklin Delano Ruzvelt konqres t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f “Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u015etatlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259sinin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda” Qanunu imzalad\u0131. Bu qanun prezident\u0259 “m\u00fcdafi\u0259sini AB\u015e \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli” sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ist\u0259nil\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 yard\u0131m etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ verirdi. Yard\u0131ma h\u0259rbi texnika, silah v\u0259 sursat, \u0259rzaq, strateji xammal, tibbi l\u0259vazimatlar v\u0259 d\u0259rmanlar daxil idi. Art\u0131q mart\u0131n 27-d\u0259 lend-liz proqram\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 7 milyard dollar h\u0259cmind\u0259 ilk v\u0259sait ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Lend-lizin aid edildiyi ilk \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya v\u0259 \u00c7in oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n SSR\u0130 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulandan sonra ilk yard\u0131m karvan\u0131 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyadan g\u0259ldi. “D\u0259rvi\u015f” ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f bu karvan 6 y\u00fck g\u0259misi v\u0259 1 tankerd\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. Avqustun 31-d\u0259 Arxengelsk\u0259 yeti\u015f\u0259n g\u0259mil\u0259r 10 min ton kau\u00e7uk, 1500 ton h\u0259rbi \u00e7\u0259km\u0259, qalay, yun, 3800 d\u0259rinlik bombalar\u0131 v\u0259 maqnit minalar\u0131, 15 \u0259d\u0259d Harrikeyn q\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259ri (qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259) g\u0259tirmi\u015fdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Karvan\u0131n m\u00fchafiz\u0259sini h\u0259rbi g\u0259mil\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 g\u0259mil\u0259rd\u0259n biri, aviada\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 “Arqus”dan havaya qalxan daha 24 \u0259d\u0259d Harrikeyn t\u0259yyar\u0259si Murmansk yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 aerodroma endil\u0259r. “D\u0259rvi\u015f” karvan\u0131 “Lend-liz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r” yard\u0131m say\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259ti bu yard\u0131m\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259rini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259yi \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1941-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 Moskvada SSR\u0130, AB\u015e v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya aras\u0131nda imzalanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259 il\u0259 lend-liz \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri SSR\u0130-y\u0259 d\u0259 \u015famil edilirdi. Bu \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259: a) s\u0259rf edilmi\u015f v\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 itirilmi\u015f materiallara, texnikaya g\u00f6r\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f olmayacaqd\u0131; b) yaln\u0131z m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonra qalm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 m\u00fclki i\u015fl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararl\u0131 olan texnikan\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259rini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131m idi. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 AB\u015e uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli v\u0259 faizsiz kredit a\u00e7ma\u011fa boyun olurdu; c) h\u0259rbi materiallar qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 qal\u0131rd\u0131, lakin AB\u015e ist\u0259rs\u0259, geri qaytar\u0131lmal\u0131 idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yard\u0131m karvanlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7 mar\u015frut \u00fczr\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi. Bunlardan birinci \u015eimal Buzlu Okean d\u0259nizl\u0259ri il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n Arktika karvanlar\u0131 idi. Bu mar\u015frut \u0259n q\u0131sa (10-14 g\u00fcn) v\u0259 \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li idi. Almanlar\u0131n Norve\u00e7i i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259si bu mar\u015frutu daim t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 alt\u0131nda saxlama\u011fa imkan verirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n X\u00fcsus\u0259n RQ-17 kod ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan karvan\u0131n k\u0259d\u0259rli taleyi tarix\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259lumdur. Bu karvana daxil olan 35 y\u00fck g\u0259misind\u0259n 22-i L\u00fcftvaffe (alman aviasiyas\u0131) v\u0259 Kriqsmarine (alman donanmas\u0131) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, bu karvanda SSR\u0130-nin “Az\u0259rbaycan” adl\u0131 tankeri d\u0259 i\u015ftirak edirdi. G\u0259mi a\u011f\u0131r x\u0259sar\u0259t ald\u0131, da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0259tan ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n xeylisi d\u0259niz\u0259 axd\u0131, lakin sovet liman\u0131na yeti\u015f\u0259 bildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1941-1945-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Arktika mar\u015frutu il\u0259 1400 g\u0259minin i\u015ftirak etdiyi 78 karvan g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. Bu zaman 85 ticar\u0259t v\u0259 16 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f g\u0259misi olmaqla 101 g\u0259mi almanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00f6ndril\u0259n yard\u0131m\u0131n 7%-i itirildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sakit Okean mar\u015frutu nisb\u0259t\u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz idi v\u0259 18-20 g\u00fcn vaxt t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. Lakin AB\u015e-\u0131n Yaponiya il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 olmas\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n da\u015f\u0131nmalarda yaln\u0131z sovet g\u0259mil\u0259ri i\u015ftirak ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdi (SSR\u0130 Yaponiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 yaln\u0131z 1945-ci ilin yay\u0131nda qo\u015fuldu).\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz mar\u015frut \u0130ran d\u0259hlizi idi. Lakin bu, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259n uzun mar\u015frut idi, 75 g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r vaxt s\u0259rf olunurdu. \u00dcst\u0259lik \u0130ran\u0131n n\u0259qliyyat infrastrukturu (h\u0259m limanlar, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u0259mir yolu) b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259cmd\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na imkan vermirdi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259n sovet-ingilis q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri bu sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ciddi yenid\u0259nqurma i\u015fl\u0259ri apard\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lend-liz \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259m h\u0259rbi, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fclki t\u0259yinatl\u0131 m\u0259hsullar \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fcharib\u0259nin ilk iki ili \u0259rzind\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin \u0259rzaq ehtiyatlar\u0131 t\u00fck\u0259ndi. 1943-1944-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259skin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131q s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u0259rzaq m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259tirilm\u0259si \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n SSR\u0130-y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi 3,5 milyard dollarl\u0131q yard\u0131m\u0131n 69%-ni (2,37 milyard) \u0259rzaq v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u00fclki t\u0259yinatl\u0131 m\u0259hsullar t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 SSR\u0130-y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n h\u0259rbi texnikan\u0131n miqdar\u0131 v\u0259 onun SSR\u0130-d\u0259ki istehsala nisb\u0259ti g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.\n<\/p>\n

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\n Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, lend-liz \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 5000 tank \u0259leyhin\u0259 top, 131 633 avtomatik silah, 12 997 tapan\u00e7a, 8218 t\u00fcf\u0259ng, 127 min ton bar\u0131t, 345 735 ton m\u00fcxt\u0259lif partlay\u0131c\u0131 madd\u0259l\u0259r, 331 min litr y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f etanol, 903 min \u0259d\u0259d detonator, 4338 \u0259d\u0259d radiostansiya, 2074 \u0259d\u0259d radiolokator, 105 sualt\u0131qay\u0131q \u0259leyhin\u0259 g\u0259mil\u0259r, 202 torpeda qay\u0131\u011f\u0131, 90 y\u00fck g\u0259misi, 4 \u0259d\u0259d sualt\u0131 qay\u0131q, 11075 y\u00fck vaqonlar\u0131, 8071 traktor, 38100 metalk\u0259s\u0259n d\u0259zgah, 2,5 milyon telefon, 4 478 min ton \u0259rzaq, 1,1 milyard dollar h\u0259cmind\u0259 ma\u015f\u0131n v\u0259 avadanl\u0131q, 2,8 milyon ton polad, 802 min ton r\u0259ngli metal, 2,67 milyon ton neft m\u0259hsullar\u0131, 107 min ton pamb\u0131q, 842 min ton kimy\u0259vi m\u0259hsullar, 50 min ton d\u0259ri, 3 786 000 \u0259d\u0259d t\u0259k\u0259r, 15 417 000 c\u00fct h\u0259rbi \u00e7\u0259km\u0259, 1,5 milyon \u0259d\u0259d adyal, 257 milyon d\u00fcym\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilib.\n<\/p>\n

\n AB\u015e lend-liz \u00fczr\u0259 2 milyon 13 min ton aviabenzin g\u00f6nd\u0259rib (daha 500 min ton da B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, Kanada). Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, AB\u015e \u00f6z aviabenzinini haz\u0131rlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn SSR\u0130-y\u0259 neft emal\u0131 avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rirdi. Xeyli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259hz bu avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131n say\u0259sind\u0259 1941-ci il\u0259 (110 min ton) nisb\u0259t\u0259n 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 (1,67 milyon ton) aviabenzin istehsal\u0131n\u0131 15 d\u0259f\u0259 art\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015fdur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, y\u00fcz min tonlarla ehtiyat hiss\u0259l\u0259r, t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn naviqasiya avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131 (radiokompas, avtopilot, radar, sektant, aviahorizont), 5700 t\u0259yyar\u0259 m\u00fch\u0259rriki, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 sovet q\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda qura\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 9351 radiostansiya g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sovet t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131 etiraf etm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, AB\u015e t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259ri keyfiyy\u0259tc\u0259 daha \u00fcst\u00fcn idil\u0259r. Sovetl\u0259rin \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur t\u0259yyar\u0259\u00e7isi Aleksandr Pokr\u0131\u015fkin 1943-c\u00fc ilin yanvar\u0131ndan amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n “Aerokobra” t\u0259yyar\u0259sind\u0259 u\u00e7urdu. O, \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n vurdu\u011fu 59 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n t\u0259yyar\u0259sinin 48-ni m\u0259hz bu t\u0259yyar\u0259 il\u0259 m\u0259hv etmi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 3 ay fasil\u0259 il\u0259 iki d\u0259f\u0259 Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131 Q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 ad\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131\u011f\u0131 is\u0259 art\u0131q s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259 kimi qazand\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sovet ordusunun t\u0259k\u0259r \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131nda lend-lizl\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n avtomobill\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck rolu oldu. Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, lend-lizl\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n avtomobill\u0259r yerli istehsaldan 1,63 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ox idi. Keyfiyy\u0259t bax\u0131m\u0131ndan f\u0259rq is\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n AB\u015e istehsal\u0131 olan Studebaker avtomobill\u0259ri h\u0259m canl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259 da\u015f\u0131maqda, h\u0259m d\u0259 yed\u0259k\u00e7i kimi \u0259sas texnika idi. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, Studebaker reaktiv Katyu\u015fa raket sisteml\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas \u015fassi rolunu oynay\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fcharib\u0259nin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn Katyu\u015fa sisteml\u0259ri bu avtomobill\u0259r\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259nirdi. Dodge v\u0259 Villis avtomobill\u0259ri d\u0259 sovet ordusunun h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Amerikal\u0131lar q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0130randa iki avtomobil zavodu (\u018fndime\u015fk v\u0259 X\u00fcrr\u0259m\u015f\u0259hrd\u0259) tikdil\u0259r. SSR\u0130-y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n avtomobill\u0259rin 184 mini bu zavodlar\u0131n istehsal\u0131 idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n N\u00f6vb\u0259ti c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 is\u0259 lend-liz \u00fczr\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n b\u0259zi materiallar v\u0259 \u0259rzaq m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n yerli istehsalla nisb\u0259ti t\u0259qdim olunur.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\"
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\n Sovet hospitalalr\u0131nda milyonlarla yaral\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 xilas ed\u0259n streptosid v\u0259 penisillinin dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131 lend-lizl\u0259 g\u0259tirilirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, AB\u015e-\u0131n SSR\u0130-y\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi yard\u0131m\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259ri 10,8 milyard dollara b\u0259rab\u0259r idi. Dollar\u0131n 2015-ci ild\u0259ki kursu il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259 bu 160 milyard dollar edir. M\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonra yarad\u0131lan ikit\u0259rfli komissiya salamat qalan m\u00fclki yexnikan\u0131n m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin AB\u015e-a n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r pul \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259li oldu\u011funu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259li idi. Lakin raz\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u0259lm\u0259k asan olmad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1948-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015f tutan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlarda amerikal\u0131lar sovetl\u0259rin 1,3 milyard dollar \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259li oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259yirdil\u0259r. Qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259f is\u0259 c\u0259mi 170 milyon dollar \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259 idi. \u00dc\u00e7 il davam ed\u0259n al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015fd\u0259n sonra amerikal\u0131lar r\u0259q\u0259mi 800 milyon dollara endirdil\u0259r, SSR\u0130 is\u0259 300 milyon dollara qald\u0131rd\u0131. Konsensus t\u0259bii ki, al\u0131nmad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lend-liz \u00fczr\u0259 borc bar\u0259d\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yaln\u0131z 1972-ci ild\u0259 g\u0259lindi. SSR\u0130 2001-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 722 milyon dollar \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259yi \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1973-c\u00fc ild\u0259 c\u0259mi 48 milyon dollar olan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildi. Lakin AB\u015e konqresinin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 pozan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f. Cekson-Venik qanununu q\u0259bul etm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra Moskva \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259ri dayand\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n SSR\u0130-nin s\u00fcqutundan sonra bu borc Rusiyan\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qald\u0131. \u0130kinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bitm\u0259sind\u0259n 61 il sonra, 2006-c\u0131 ild\u0259 borc \u00f6d\u0259nildi. Formal olaraq lend-liz \u00fczr\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yard\u0131m\u0131n 6,5%-i h\u0259cmind\u0259 borc \u00f6d\u0259nildi. Lakin inflyasiya n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131narsa bu \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f yard\u0131m\u0131n c\u0259mi 0,4%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi.
\n
\n Birinci c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259tnin b\u0259zi yerl\u0259rind\u0259 (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, aviabenzinl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131) B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyadan g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259hsullar\u0131n bir qismi bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat var. \u018flav\u0259 ed\u0259k ki, 1942-ci il iyunun 27-d\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f raz\u0131la\u015fmaya \u0259sas\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyadan SSR\u0130-y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn yard\u0131m tamamil\u0259 pulsuz idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130kinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131ndan d\u0259rhal sonra sovet d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadiml\u0259ri v\u0259 tarix\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n nasist Almaniyas\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259d\u0259 lend-lizin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini ki\u00e7iltm\u0259k tendensiyas\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Bunun iki \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi vard\u0131. Birincisi, \u00fcmumi q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z pay\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fundan xeyli b\u00f6y\u00fctm\u0259k, h\u0259tta tamamil\u0259 inhisara almaq ist\u0259yi. \u0130kincisi, Q\u0259rbl\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin korlanmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan siyasi-ideoloji s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1948-ci ild\u0259 SSR\u0130 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Plan komit\u0259sinin s\u0259dri Nikolay Voznesenski lend-lizl\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n m\u0259hsullar\u0131n Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131ndak\u0131 istehsal\u0131n yaln\u0131z 4%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyini s\u00f6yl\u0259di. Bu r\u0259q\u0259min h\u0259qiqiliyi he\u00e7 zaman ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b t\u0259sdiq olunmasa da, sovet tarix\u00e7il\u0259rinin istinad\u0131na \u00e7evrildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 bu ki\u00e7ik m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259sas sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131n h\u0259cmi iddia edil\u0259n 4%-d\u0259n d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7ox olub. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, sovet istehsal\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131nda lend-lizl\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n avadanl\u0131qlar ciddi rol oynay\u0131b. Yuxar\u0131da aviabenzin istehsal\u0131n\u0131n 15 d\u0259f\u0259 artmas\u0131nda bu n\u00fcmun\u0259ni g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fck. Ba\u015fqa m\u0259hsullar\u0131n istehsal\u0131nda da Q\u0259rbd\u0259n daxil olan d\u0259zgahlar\u0131n rolu b\u00f6y\u00fck idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, daxili istehsalda lend-liz \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 daxil olan xammal b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2,8 milyon ton AB\u015e polad\u0131 sovet tank istehsla\u0131nda ciddi rol oynad\u0131. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, h\u0259tta mar\u015fal Jukov sonralar deyirdi: “M\u0259g\u0259r amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n poladla yard\u0131m\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, biz tank istehsal\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 tez b\u0259rpa ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdikmi?”\n<\/p>\n

\n El\u0259 hallar olurdu ki, m\u0259hsul AB\u015e-dan g\u0259l\u0259n xammalla v\u0259 AB\u015e-dan g\u0259l\u0259n d\u0259zgahlarda istehsal olunurdu, lakin statistikada t\u0259bii ki, sovet istehsal\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n aviazavodlara AB\u015e-dan 1488 d\u0259zgah (daha 178 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259n), \u00e7oxlu sayda press, qay\u00e7\u0131lar, qaynaq aparatlar\u0131, k\u0259sici v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259 al\u0259tl\u0259ri g\u0259tirilmi\u015fdi. \u00dcst\u0259lik t\u0259yyar\u0259 istehsal\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n al\u00fcminiumun yar\u0131dan \u00e7oxu lend-lizl\u0259 g\u0259lirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sovet \u0130titfaq\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259skin \u0259rzaq b\u00f6hran\u0131 ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n Q\u0259rb t\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259rzaq g\u00f6nd\u0259rmir, eyni zamanda toxum, dig\u0259r \u0259kin m\u0259hsullar\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rirdil\u0259r. T\u0259kc\u0259 1942-ci ild\u0259 9 min ton \u0259kin m\u0259hsulu g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015fdi. Bel\u0259c\u0259, sovet k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin \u00f6z m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015fdirm\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k olurdular.\n<\/p>\n

\n N\u0259hay\u0259t, k\u00fclli miqdarda istehsal v\u0259 idxal olunan h\u0259rbi v\u0259 qeyri-h\u0259rbi m\u0259hsullar\u0131 laz\u0131mi n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq laz\u0131m idi. Xat\u0131rldaq ki, zavod v\u0259 fabrikl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rqin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Onlar\u0131n m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda g\u0259r\u0259k\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 lend-liz m\u0259hsullar\u0131 yerli istehsaldan ciddi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u0259 malik idil\u0259r: lokomotivl\u0259rd\u0259 2,4 d\u0259f\u0259, vaqonlarda 10 d\u0259f\u0259, avtomobill\u0259rd\u0259 1,63 d\u0259f\u0259.\n<\/p>\n

\n SSR\u0130-nin \u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi y\u00fck ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131 QAZ-AA 1,5 ton y\u00fck g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. AB\u015e-\u0131n Studebaker ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u0259limat\u0131nda 2,5 ton y\u00fck g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259si yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin sovet istismar\u0131nda 4 tona q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fck t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edilirdi. Y\u0259ni bir Studebaker bir QAZ-AA-dan az qala 3 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ox y\u00fck g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, bu lokomotivl\u0259ri, vaqonlar\u0131, avtomobill\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almadan istehsal olunan h\u0259rbi texnika, silah v\u0259 sursat\u0131 c\u0259bh\u0259 x\u0259ttin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq problematik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n

\n Fikrimizc\u0259, g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r lend-lizin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tsiz olmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 iddialar\u0131 t\u0259kzib edir. H\u0259tta b\u0259zi faiz c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n az olan m\u0259mulatlar bel\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n zaman k\u0259simind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynam\u0131\u015flar. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, lend-liz t\u0259yyar\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 tanklar\u0131 yerli istehsal\u0131n m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 11,7 v\u0259 16,3% – ni t\u0259\u015fkil ets\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, m\u00fcharib\u0259nin ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259 ciddi yard\u0131m etmi\u015fl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, o zaman SSR\u0130 a\u011f\u0131r m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 u\u011fray\u0131rd\u0131, zavodlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si almanlar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f, dig\u0259rl\u0259ri is\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcls\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 tam qura\u015fd\u0131rl\u0131b istehsala ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu zaman g\u0259l\u0259n t\u0259yyar\u0259 v\u0259 tanklar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck idi. Moskva \u0259traf\u0131nda ged\u0259n d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 lend-liz tanklar\u0131 \u00fcmumi say\u0131n 20-30%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlara rast g\u0259linir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lend-liz olmadan SSR\u0130 qalib g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259rdimi? Z\u0259nnimizc\u0259 bu sual hipotetik xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r, d\u0259qiq cavab\u0131n\u0131 tapmaq qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu zaman quru r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi-psixoloji amill\u0259r d\u0259 rol oynayacaqd\u0131, onlar\u0131 il\u0259 hesablamaq olmur. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, 1943-c\u00fc ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n yaranan k\u0259skin \u0259rzaq \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ciddi amil olacaqd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lend-lizin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 ged\u0259n diskussiyalarda tez-tez s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n fikirl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 “g\u00f6nd\u0259ribl\u0259r, pulunu al\u0131blar” iddias\u0131d\u0131r. Halbuki, bunun he\u00e7 d\u0259 bel\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. AB\u015e g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n materiallar\u0131n real d\u0259y\u0259rinin yaln\u0131z 0,4%-ni 60 il sonra ala bildi. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya is\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n raz\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n N\u0259hay\u0259t, burada bir m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 var. SSR\u0130-y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259hsullar a\u011f\u0131r insan z\u0259hm\u0259ti bahas\u0131na ba\u015fa g\u0259lirdi. Milyonlarla f\u0259hl\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn var g\u00fccl\u0259ri il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirdil\u0259r. Minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan bu yard\u0131m\u0131 SSR\u0130-y\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq ist\u0259rk\u0259n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirib. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259kc\u0259 Arktika karvanlar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 3 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox olub. Lend-lizin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini q\u0259sd\u0259n azaltmaq o insanlara qar\u015f\u0131 h\u00f6rm\u0259tsizlikdir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sonda bir m\u0259qam\u0131 da qeyd ed\u0259k, AB\u015e ictimai t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131m kampaniyas\u0131 zaman\u0131 1,5 milyard dollara q\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259sait y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 bu pula \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259rmanllar, tibbi l\u0259vazimat v\u0259 avadanl\u0131q, paltar v\u0259 \u0259rzaq al\u0131naraq g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. Lakin bu yard\u0131m lend-liz\u0259 daxil deyildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n Yaz\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llifin fikirl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirir v\u0259 Meydan TV-nin m\u00f6vqeyi il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r.
\n <\/i>
\n <\/b>\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u0259qvimin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n g\u00fcnl\u0259ri var ki, onlar yax\u0131nla\u015fark\u0259n aktualla\u015fan m\u00f6vzular olur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":105523,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-190540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLend-Liz haqq\u0131nda - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/lend-liz-haqqinda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lend-Liz haqq\u0131nda - 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