{"id":189334,"date":"2018-04-03T16:58:54","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T16:58:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/martin-luter-kinq\/"},"modified":"2018-04-03T16:58:54","modified_gmt":"2018-04-03T16:58:54","slug":"martin-luter-kinq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/martin-luter-kinq\/","title":{"rendered":"Martin L\u00fcter Kinq"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"Martin
\n Martin Luther King
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n Aprelin 4-d\u0259 XX \u0259srin \u00f6n\u0259mli simalar\u0131ndan biri, AB\u015e-da ya\u015fayan qarad\u0259rili \u0259halinin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7isi Martin L\u00fcter Kinqin q\u0259tlind\u0259n 50 il \u00f6t\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n

\n Martin L\u00fcter Kinq 1929-cu il yanvar\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Corciya \u015ftat\u0131n\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Atlanta \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 orta s\u0259viyy\u0259li ail\u0259d\u0259 anadan olub. AB\u015e-\u0131n dig\u0259r c\u0259nub \u015ftatlar\u0131 kimi Corciyada da irq\u00e7ilik g\u00fccl\u00fc idi. Tez-tez bel\u0259 hallarla \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259n yeniyetm\u0259 Martind\u0259 sonralar \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn etiraf etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, a\u011flara qar\u015f\u0131 ikrah hissi formala\u015f\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Martin L\u00fcter Kinq erk\u0259n ya\u015flar\u0131ndan t\u0259hsil\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259si v\u0259 natiqlik qabiliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir. 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131dlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n natiqlik yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda qalib g\u0259lir. El\u0259 h\u0259min il d\u0259 kollec\u0259 daxil olur.
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\n 1940-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin ortalar\u0131nda Kinq sonrak\u0131 h\u0259yat yolunu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259k 2 add\u0131m at\u0131r. O, din xadimi olma\u011f\u0131 q\u0259rara al\u0131r v\u0259 \u201cR\u0259ngli \u0259halinin inki\u015faf\u0131na yard\u0131m milli assosiasoyas\u0131\u201d (NAACP) adl\u0131 h\u00fcquq m\u00fcdafi\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u00fczv olur. Bu t\u0259\u015fkilatda Kinq afroamerikal\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 u\u011frunda xeyli a\u011fd\u0259rili insan\u0131n da m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t ke\u015fi\u015f k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi olan Kinq 1953-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Koretta Skott adl\u0131 qad\u0131nla evl\u0259nir. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti ild\u0259 is\u0259 qon\u015fu Alabama \u015ftat\u0131n\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Montqomeri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n baptist kils\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u015fi\u015f t\u0259yin olunur.\n<\/p>\n

\n AB\u015e-\u0131n b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259n irq\u00e7i \u015ftat\u0131 olan Alabamada s\u0259rt irqi ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik (seqreqasiya) qaydalar\u0131 h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. Qarad\u0259rili \u0259hali \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t m\u00f6vcud idi. Onlardan biri d\u0259 ictimai n\u0259qliyyatla ba\u011fl\u0131 idi. Qaydalara g\u00f6r\u0259, avtobuslarda ilk 4 s\u0131ra a\u011fd\u0259rili s\u0259rni\u015finl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdu. Qarad\u0259rili s\u0259rni\u015finl\u0259r is\u0259 yaln\u0131z sonrak\u0131 oturacaqlardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r, ilk s\u0131ralar bo\u015f oldu\u011fu halda bel\u0259 orada otura bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fksin\u0259, ilk s\u0131ralar tutulduqda v\u0259 a\u011fd\u0259rili v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f ayaq \u00fcstd\u0259 durduqda, qarad\u0259rili qalxaraq \u00f6z yerini ona verm\u0259li idi. A\u011flar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yerl\u0259r s\u0131ra il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilirdi, bir a\u011fd\u0259rili ayaqda qalard\u0131sa, a\u011flar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hiss\u0259 bir s\u0131ra geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilirdi. Y\u0259ni 4 qarad\u0259rili oturmaq imkan\u0131n\u0131 itirirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik art\u0131q giri\u015fd\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. A\u011flar \u00f6n, qaralar is\u0259 arxa qap\u0131dan i\u00e7\u0259ri daxil olurdular. Sonuncular b\u0259z\u0259n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259rin t\u0259hqiramiz r\u0259ftar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firdil\u0259r. \u00d6n qap\u0131da gedi\u015f haqq\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259yir, lakin arxaya ke\u00e7\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc qap\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131b avtobusu s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1955-ci ilin dekabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 qarad\u0259rili \u0259halinin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si f\u0259al\u0131, NAACP \u00fczv\u00fc Roza Parks avtobusda a\u011fd\u0259rili ki\u015fiy\u0259 \u00f6z yerini verm\u0259kd\u0259n imtina etdi. S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn polis \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Roza Parks saxlan\u0131ld\u0131. Dostlar\u0131n\u0131n qoydu\u011fu girov n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 burax\u0131lsa da, dekabr\u0131n 5-d\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 14 dollar c\u0259rim\u0259 edildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Hadis\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n g\u00fcnd\u0259n etibar\u0259n Parks\u0131n da \u00fczv oldu\u011fu \u201cR\u0259ngli \u0259halinin inki\u015faf\u0131na yard\u0131m milli assosiasoyas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n (NAACP) Montqomeri \u015f\u00f6b\u0259si ictimai n\u0259qliyyat\u0131n birg\u00fcnl\u00fck boykot edilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etdi. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 assosiasiyan\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin qarad\u0259rili \u0259halisin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259ti \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f 35 min v\u0259r\u0259q\u0259 paylan\u0131ld\u0131. Boykot bazar ert\u0259si, dekabr\u0131n 5-d\u0259 ba\u015f tutmal\u0131 idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, etiraz\u00e7\u0131lar \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 m\u00fclayim m\u00f6vqe tutaraq ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin l\u0259\u011fv olunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b etmirdil\u0259r. Onlar sad\u0259c\u0259 avtobusda a\u011flar\u0131n v\u0259 qaralar\u0131n yerini ay\u0131ran x\u0259ttin sabit qalmas\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259r irqin \u00f6z\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oturacaqlarda \u0259yl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dekabr\u0131n 5-d\u0259 hava soyuq v\u0259 ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 idi. Buna baxmayaraq, qarad\u0259rili \u0259hali k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 boykotu d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259di. B\u0259zil\u0259ri taksid\u0259n, b\u0259zil\u0259ri y\u00fck avtomobill\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etdi. Ki\u00e7ikli-b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fc \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259t is\u0259 i\u015f yerl\u0259rin\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r kilometrl\u0259rl\u0259 yolu piyada gedib-g\u0259ldil\u0259r. Deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259tta 30 km-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259saf\u0259ni q\u0259t ed\u0259nl\u0259r olmu\u015fdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Aksiyan\u0131n inan\u0131lmaz u\u011furu onun davam etdirilm\u0259si q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. T\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131lar art\u0131q ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik tam l\u0259\u011fv edil\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r (seqreqasiyadan inteqrasiyaya) m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq q\u0259rar\u0131 verdil\u0259r. Boykotun t\u0259\u015fkilin\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cMontqomerinin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si c\u0259miyy\u0259ti\u201d t\u0259sis edildi. G\u0259nc ke\u015fi\u015f Martin L\u00fcter Kinq c\u0259miyy\u0259tin s\u0259dri se\u00e7ildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fsl\u0259n ba\u015fqa \u015ftatdan olan, s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n c\u0259mi 1 il \u00f6nc\u0259 Montqomeriy\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f Kinqin s\u0259dr se\u00e7ilm\u0259sini onun insanlara t\u0259sir qabiliyy\u0259tinin, n\u00fcfuz qazanmaq bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi saymaq olar.
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\n Montqomeri boykotu b\u00fct\u00fcn AB\u015e-da geni\u015f \u0259ks-s\u0259da do\u011furdu. \u00d6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259 boykot\u00e7ulara d\u0259st\u0259k n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirilirdi. Bu d\u0259st\u0259k h\u0259m m\u0259n\u0259vi, h\u0259m d\u0259 maddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259zah\u00fcr edirdi. Boykot\u00e7ulara maliyy\u0259d\u0259n tutmu\u015f piyada g\u0259zdikl\u0259rind\u0259n tez s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xan ayaqqab\u0131lara \u0259v\u0259z\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259rilirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qarad\u0259rili \u0259hali Montqomeri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin 70%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Maddi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n ictimai n\u0259qliyyatda onlar\u0131n faizi daha da \u00e7ox idi. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 boykot n\u0259qliyyat \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rinin qazanc\u0131na a\u011f\u0131r t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Onlardan b\u0259zil\u0259ri avtobuslarda seqreqasiyan\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv etm\u0259k ist\u0259rk\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin q\u0259ti x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u015e\u0259h\u0259r idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri eyni zamanda boykota r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 da t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u201cSahibkarl\u0131\u011fa \u0259ng\u0259l t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259k\u201d b\u0259han\u0259si il\u0259 Martin L\u00fcter Kinq h\u0259bs edilir. Lakin bu add\u0131m aksiyan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 daha da populyarlar\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, ictimai r\u0259yin diqq\u0259tinin daha \u00e7ox c\u0259lbin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u0130ki h\u0259ft\u0259 sonra Kinqi azad etm\u0259li olurlar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Azadl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131xan Kinq \u00f6z h\u0259bsin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015f davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 haqq\u0131nda bunlar\u0131 deyir: \u201cM\u0259n \u00f6z cinay\u0259timl\u0259 f\u0259xr edir\u0259m. Bu cinay\u0259t xalq\u0131m\u0131n \u0259dal\u0259tsizliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 qeyri-zorak\u0131 etiraz\u0131na qo\u015fulmaqdan ibar\u0259tdir\u201d.
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\n Boykot\u00e7ularla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 h\u00fcquqi m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 apar\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131. Onlar irq\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n fiziki t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259, h\u0259tta silahl\u0131 h\u00fccumlara m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rd\u0131lar. Boykot\u00e7ular\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259ri, aksiya r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Kinqin evi da\u015fqalaq edilirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bel\u0259 hallardan cana doyan qarad\u0259rili \u0259hali zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa zorak\u0131l\u0131qla cavab verm\u0259yi t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. Lakin Kinq h\u0259r v\u0259chl\u0259 onlar\u0131 bu fikird\u0259n da\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, qeyri-zorak\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 sadiq qalma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.
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\n \u00d6z evin\u0259 h\u00fccumdan sonra qisas t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kinq \u201c\u018fg\u0259r sizd\u0259n kimins\u0259 silah\u0131 varsa, onu ev\u0259 apar\u0131n. Kimin silah\u0131 yoxdursa, \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n. Biz problemi cavab zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bilm\u0259rik. Zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yaln\u0131z qeyri-zorak\u0131l\u0131qla cavab verm\u0259liyik\u201d \u2013 fikirl\u0259rini s\u00f6yl\u0259yirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Boykot\u00e7ular ictimai n\u0259qliyyatda ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin l\u0259\u011fvi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. 1956-c\u0131 ilin iyunun 4-d\u0259 Federal Dair\u0259 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si m\u00fcraci\u0259ti t\u0259min ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u00f6vcud qaydan\u0131n Konstitusiyaya zidd oldu\u011funu bildirdi. Lakin \u015ftat r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin q\u0259rardan daha yuxar\u0131 instansiyaya \u015fikay\u0259t etm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n boykot durdurulmad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Noyabr\u0131n 13-d\u0259 is\u0259 AB\u015e Ali M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si ilk instansiya m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259di. \u00c7ar\u0259siz qalan Montqomeri r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi dekabr\u0131n 20-d\u0259 qarad\u0259rili insanlar\u0131n avtobusda ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri yerd\u0259 oturmaq h\u00fcququnu tan\u0131yan f\u0259rman verdi. Yaln\u0131z bundan sonra 381 g\u00fcn davam ed\u0259n boykot dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn Roza Parks jurnalistl\u0259rin kameralar\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda avtobusda \u00f6n s\u0131rada oturub \u015f\u0259kil \u00e7\u0259kdirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Seqreqasiyas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqi l\u0259\u011fvi d\u0259rhal faktiki n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmad\u0131. Montqomerinin a\u011fd\u0259rili \u0259halisi buna terrorla cavab verdi. Avtobusda \u00f6n s\u0131rada \u0259yl\u0259\u015f\u0259nl\u0259r d\u00f6y\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.Boykot f\u0259allar\u0131n\u0131n evl\u0259rin\u0259, afroamerikal\u0131lara m\u0259xsus kils\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 od vurulurdu. Roza Parks t\u0259hdidl\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n \u015ftat\u0131 t\u0259rk etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131, polis bel\u0259 hallara g\u00f6z yumurdu. B\u0259z\u0259n m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00f6n\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259lil\u0259r b\u0259ra\u0259t al\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00c7ar\u0259siz qalan qarad\u0259rili \u0259hali yen\u0259 avtobuslar\u0131n arxa oturacaqlar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar. Lakin bunlara baxmayaraq, ictimai n\u0259qliyyatdak\u0131 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik i\u015fi uduzulmu\u015fdu. 1960-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 art\u0131q \u0259n irq\u00e7i insanlar bel\u0259 bununla bar\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oldular.\n<\/p>\n

\n Montqomeri boykotunun u\u011furla ba\u015fa \u00e7atmas\u0131nda Martin L\u00fcter Kinqin b\u00f6y\u00fck xidm\u0259ti oldu. Onun say\u0259sind\u0259 aksiya yaln\u0131z v\u0259 yaln\u0131z dinc \u00fcsulla davam etdirildi. M\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n boykot AB\u015e ictimai r\u0259yinin r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tini qazand\u0131. Bu da onun u\u011furunda h\u0259lledici rol oynad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n AB\u015e tarixind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi yer tutan Montqomerri boykotundan sonra Martin L\u00fcter Kinq b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurla\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 \u015ftat deyil, \u00f6lk\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 lider kimi q\u0259bul edilir. O, 1957-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda Cozef Louru, Ralf Abernati v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u201cC\u0259nub xristianlar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi konfrans\u0131\u201d (SCLC) adl\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilat yarad\u0131r. T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259di b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 afroamerikal\u0131lar\u0131n tam h\u00fcquq b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin\u0259 nail olmaq idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n XIX \u0259srd\u0259 quldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvi v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra 1870-ci ild\u0259 AB\u015e Konstitusiyas\u0131na edil\u0259n 15-ci d\u0259yi\u015fiklik v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n irqin\u0259, d\u0259risinin r\u0259ngin\u0259 v\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 qul olmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 s\u0259s h\u00fcququnu (aktiv se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ) m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 qada\u011fan edirdi. Bununla bel\u0259, d\u0259yi\u015fiklik g\u00f6zl\u0259nildiyinin \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 \u015ftatlar\u0131n bu sah\u0259d\u0259ki muxtariyy\u0259ti s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n qarad\u0259rili \u0259halinin ham\u0131s\u0131na s\u0259s h\u00fcququ tan\u0131mad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u015ftatlar ba\u015fqa s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 s\u0259s h\u00fcququnu m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq h\u00fcququna malik idil\u0259r. X\u00fcsus\u0259n c\u0259nub \u015ftatlar\u0131 \u0259mlak senzi, ingilis dilini bilm\u0259k, yaz\u0131b-oxuma bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0259s h\u00fcququnu m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu da \u0259sas\u0259n qarad\u0259rili \u0259haliy\u0259 aid olurdu. SCLC seqreqasiya hallar\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 bel\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin d\u0259 aradan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Martin L\u00fcter Kinq v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 bacard\u0131qca geni\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rin c\u0259lbin\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Moiz\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259 o deyirdi: \u201cBiz t\u0259miz vicdanla \u0259dal\u0259tsiz qanunlara tabe olmaya bil\u0259rik. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u015e\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131qdan imtina \u2013 Xeyri d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259n\u0259vi borcdur\u201d.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1950-ci ill\u0259rin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda irq\u00e7il\u0259rin ciddi m\u00fcqavim\u0259tin\u0259 baxmayaraq seqreqasiyan\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvi bir \u00e7ox sah\u0259l\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir. 1957-ci ilin sentyabr\u0131nda Arkanzas \u015ftat\u0131n\u0131n Litl-Rok \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 diqq\u0259t\u00e7\u0259k\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Ali m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyi qanunsuz elan etm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u015ftat\u0131n qubernatoru v\u0259 irq\u00e7i \u0259hali 9 qarad\u0259rili \u015fagirdi \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r yaln\u0131z a\u011flar\u0131n oxudu\u011fu m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 buraxmaqdan imtina etdi. Prezident Eyzenhauerin g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 1200 n\u0259f\u0259rlik h\u0259rbi desant q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri yeridildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Desant\u00e7\u0131lar 9 \u015fagirdi iki ay \u0259rzind\u0259 h\u0259m m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 gedib-g\u0259l\u0259rk\u0259n, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bin d\u0259hlizl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259 etdil\u0259r. Onlar \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra \u201cLitl-Roklu doqquzluq\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 yenid\u0259n t\u0259zyiql\u0259r ba\u015flad\u0131. Lakin doqquzluq \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u0259tan\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259hsill\u0259rini davam etdirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Martin L\u00fcter Kinq m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259, h\u0259tta sui-q\u0259sd\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r. O, 29 d\u0259f\u0259 polis t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259bs edilib. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, h\u0259m irq\u00e7il\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 daha radikal metodlara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259n qarad\u0259rili f\u0259allar Kinq\u0259 h\u00fccumlar t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. Lakin Kinq qeyri-zorak\u0131 metodlardan imtina etmirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1963-c\u00fc ilin aprelind\u0259 SCLC Alabaman\u0131n \u0259n irq\u00e7i \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olan Birmingemd\u0259 etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 planlay\u0131r. Aksiyalar dinc, lakin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada t\u0259xribati xarakter da\u015f\u0131mal\u0131 idi. Afroamerikal\u0131lar qanunla onlara qada\u011fan edilmi\u015f yerl\u0259ri tutmal\u0131, h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri etm\u0259li idil\u0259r. Aksiya k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc sur\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259bs\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 olan xeyli \u015f\u0259xsin olmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. M\u0259qs\u0259d bu h\u0259bsl\u0259rin do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 rezonansla ictimai r\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259k idi.
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\n Lakin s\u00f6n\u00fck ke\u00e7\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 aksiya g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, h\u0259bs\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k, i\u015fd\u0259n qovulmaq kimi perspektivl\u0259r ham\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u0259yinc\u0259 deyil. Bu zaman \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 h\u0259bsd\u0259 8 sutka ke\u00e7ir\u0259n Kinq ciddi t\u0259r\u0259dd\u00fcdl\u0259rd\u0259n sonra t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131ndan birinin aksiyalarda u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k t\u0259klifin\u0259 raz\u0131l\u0131q verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n May\u0131n 2-d\u0259 3 min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r u\u015faq v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259nin i\u015ftiral etdiyi aksiya ke\u00e7irildi. Onlardan 600-d\u0259n \u00e7oxu h\u0259bs edildi. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn n\u00f6vb\u0259ti aksiya zaman\u0131 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar daha s\u0259rt amans\u0131zl\u0131qla \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdil\u0259r. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik komissar\u0131, super-irq\u00e7i Yucin \u201cBull\u201d Konnorun g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 yan\u011f\u0131ns\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u0259n brandspoytlardan su vuruldu, itl\u0259rl\u0259 h\u00fccum edildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Amerika Birmingemd\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259ri televiziya ekranlar\u0131ndan b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fokla izl\u0259yirdi. C\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n etirazlar s\u0259sl\u0259nirdi. \u201cNew York Times\u201d q\u0259zeti Birmingem polisinin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cmilli r\u0259zal\u0259t\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131. Siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t adamlar\u0131 etiraz\u00e7\u0131larla h\u0259mr\u0259ylikl\u0259rini ifad\u0259 etdil\u0259r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 200-\u0259 yax\u0131n h\u0259mr\u0259ylik aksiyas\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Buna baxmayaraq, Birmingemd\u0259 etiraz aksiyalar\u0131 da, h\u0259bsl\u0259r d\u0259 davam edirdi. May\u0131n 7-d\u0259 h\u0259bs olunanlar\u0131n \u00fcmumi say\u0131 3 min\u0259 yax\u0131n idi. Lakin amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n ictimai r\u0259yi, federal h\u00f6kum\u0259tin, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 prezident Kennedinin m\u00f6vqeyi etiraz\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si, t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rinin q\u0259bulunu \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirdi. \u018fn \u0259sas\u0131 is\u0259 federal s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qanunvericiliy\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edilm\u0259sinin z\u0259rur\u0259tini ortaya qoydu.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259hz Birmingem aksiyalar\u0131 zaman\u0131 senator Jakob Javits v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda yeni qanunun q\u0259bul edilm\u0259sinin z\u0259ruriliyind\u0259nd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Polis amans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259slind\u0259 afroamerikal\u0131lar\u0131n lehin\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyin\u0259 i\u015far\u0259 ed\u0259n prezident Kennedi \u201cV\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 u\u011frunda h\u0259r\u0259kat Bull Konnora g\u00f6r\u0259 Allaha dua etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. O, onlara Avraam Linkoln q\u0259d\u0259r xidm\u0259t etdi\u201d, – s\u00f6zl\u0259rini i\u015fl\u0259tdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n (ard\u0131 var)
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

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\n
\n Yaz\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llifin fikirl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirir v\u0259 Meydan TV-nin m\u00f6vqeyi il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r.
\n <\/i>
\n <\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aprelin 4-d\u0259 XX \u0259srin \u00f6n\u0259mli simalar\u0131ndan biri, AB\u015e-da ya\u015fayan qarad\u0259rili \u0259halinin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7isi Martin L\u00fcter Kinqin q\u0259tlind\u0259n 50 il \u00f6t\u00fcr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":101595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-189334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMartin L\u00fcter Kinq - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/martin-luter-kinq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Martin L\u00fcter Kinq - 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