{"id":187521,"date":"2017-11-19T14:18:51","date_gmt":"2017-11-19T14:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/ulu-onder-muqabe\/"},"modified":"2017-11-19T14:18:51","modified_gmt":"2017-11-19T14:18:51","slug":"ulu-onder-muqabe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/ulu-onder-muqabe\/","title":{"rendered":"Ulu \u00f6nd\u0259r Muqabe"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Afrika \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda avropal\u0131lardan m\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259n son \u00f6lk\u0259 Zimbabve oldu. \u0130ngilisl\u0259rin C\u0259nubi Rodeziya adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 bu \u00f6lk\u0259 yaln\u0131z 1980-ci ild\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qillik qazand\u0131. M\u00fcst\u0259qillikl\u0259 eyni zamanda Robert Muqabenin son g\u00fcnl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259n fasil\u0259siz v\u0259 \u015f\u0259riksiz r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi d\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Robert Muqabe 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 anadan olub. O, \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n \u015fona tayfas\u0131ndand\u0131r. Londonda ali t\u0259hsil alan Muqabe v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259llimlik edib. Zimbabvenin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi u\u011frunda f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 1964-1974-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259bsd\u0259 yat\u0131b. 70-ci ill\u0259rin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ZANU adl\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n liderin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fcst\u0259qillik qazan\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonrak\u0131 ilk se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 Robert Muqabe bir \u00e7oxu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 qazan\u0131r v\u0259 parlamentd\u0259ki 80 yerd\u0259n 57-n\u0259 sahibl\u0259nir. Bu n\u0259tic\u0259 ona ba\u015f nazir postunu \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Corc Oruellin m\u0259\u015fhur \u201cHeyvan\u0131stan\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n Napoleon adl\u0131 bir donuzun 10 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u0259r\u0259k onlardan gizli sur\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fchafiz\u0259 k\u00f6p\u0259kl\u0259rini yaratmas\u0131ndan b\u0259hs edilir. Bununla da Napoleon \u015f\u0259xsi diktaturas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n Robert Muqabenin d\u0259 ilk t\u0259dbirl\u0259rind\u0259n biri \u015eimali Koreyadan olan t\u0259limat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 5-ci desant briqadas\u0131 adl\u0131 x\u00fcsusi t\u0259yinatl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 olur. Bu h\u0259rbi vahid m\u00fcxalifl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 repressiyalarda x\u00fcsusil\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir v\u0259 1987-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 sistemin qurulmas\u0131nda h\u0259lledici rol oynay\u0131r. El\u0259 h\u0259min il d\u0259 Muqabe Zimbabvenin prezidenti elan edilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin ikinci b\u00f6y\u00fck etnosu olan Ndebele q\u0259bil\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 repressiyalar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 100 min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc ehtimal olunur. Bel\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259r, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 sisteml\u0259 demokratiyan\u0131n bo\u011fulmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259nqidl\u0259r\u0259 Robert Muqabe b\u00fct\u00fcn diktatorlar kimi \u201cv\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259r\u201d \u015f\u00fcarlarla cavab verir.\n<\/p>\n

\n S\u0259n dem\u0259, o t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r Zimbabvenin m\u00fcst\u0259qil siyas\u0259tini b\u0259y\u0259nmirmi\u015fl\u0259r, daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 burunlar\u0131n\u0131 soxurmu\u015flar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bununla bel\u0259, XX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r Muqabe Zimbabveni alababat, x\u00fcsusi nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi u\u011fursuluqlar olmadan idar\u0259 etdi. Bu s\u0131rada \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 savadl\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin artmas\u0131n\u0131 Muqabenin nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131na yazmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n XXI \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n etibar\u0259n is\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t ciddi sur\u0259td\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Prosesin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 Muqabe iqtidar\u0131n\u0131n \u201ctorpaq islahat\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r oldu. \u00d6lk\u0259nin a\u011fd\u0259rili \u0259halisin\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan torpaq sah\u0259l\u0259ri aborigen \u0259haliy\u0259 paylanmaq ad\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259ri \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fcsadir\u0259 edildil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Halbuki \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 istehsal olunan aqrar m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti bu t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Onlar\u0131n m\u00fcsadir\u0259si m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n xeyli azalmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00dcst\u0259lik, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n emal\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan s\u0259naye m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 dayand\u0131. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, bu islahatdan z\u0259r\u0259r g\u00f6r\u0259n t\u0259kc\u0259 a\u011fd\u0259rili sakinl\u0259r olmad\u0131. Onlar\u0131n t\u0259ss\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda muzdlu f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n milyona yax\u0131n afrikal\u0131 da i\u015fsiz qald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcququnun pozulmas\u0131 beyn\u0259lxalq al\u0259min k\u0259skin reaksiyas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya torpaq islahatlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131. Beyn\u0259lxalq Valyuta Fondu da maliyy\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yini k\u0259sdi. Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131 is\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 sanksiyalar t\u0259tbiq etdi. Bel\u0259 h\u00fcquqsuzluq t\u0259bii ki, \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 investisiya ax\u0131n\u0131na da m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin Robert Muqabe sanki xarici investisiyan\u0131 durdurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha bir add\u0131m atd\u0131. Q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f qanuna g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259ki xarici kompaniyalar yerli \u0259hali n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259sinin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olmal\u0131 idi. Bu aktdan sonra xarici investisiya ax\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, qurudu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Ke\u00e7iril\u0259n islahatlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r f\u0259sadlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259, onlar\u0131 dayand\u0131qma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ranlara Robert Muqabenin cavab\u0131 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi idi. H\u0259min adamlar, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar irq\u00e7i elan edilirdil\u0259r. S\u0259n dem\u0259, onlar yerli qarad\u0259rili \u0259halinin torpaq, kompaniya sahibi olmalar\u0131na q\u0131sqancl\u0131qla yana\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar, pax\u0131ll\u0131q edirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Onlar Zimbabveni yenid\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 hal\u0131na salmaq ist\u0259yirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bunun ba\u015f verm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yinin yegan\u0259 qarant\u0131 is\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, ulu \u00f6nd\u0259r Robert Muqabe idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya v\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f dominionlar\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rinin daxil oldu\u011fu Mill\u0259tl\u0259r Birliyi 2002-ci ild\u0259 Zimbabvenin t\u0259\u015fkilatda \u00fczvl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti durdurdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n S\u0259b\u0259b kimi insan haqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozuntusunu v\u0259 prezident se\u00e7kil\u0259rinin saxtala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rildi. Cavab olaraq Zimbabve r\u0259smil\u0259ri \u201cbu t\u0259\u015fkilat biz\u0259 laz\u0131m deyil\u201d s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k Birlikd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar. Nec\u0259 d\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f ritorikad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Muqabe islahatlar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259lak\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri 2007-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha k\u0259skin g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 i\u015fsizlik 80-85%-\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259ldi. \u0130ki il\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rind\u0259 Zimbabve tarixd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f hiperinflyasiya ya\u015fad\u0131. 2009-cu ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 inflyasiya el\u0259 h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131 ki, h\u0259r sutka \u0259rind\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259r 2-3 d\u0259f\u0259 art\u0131rd\u0131. Prosesin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ala bilm\u0259y\u0259n h\u00f6kum\u0259t milli valyutan\u0131 (Zimbabve dollar\u0131) t\u0259dav\u00fcld\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarma\u011fa m\u0259cbur qald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r Zimbabved\u0259 xarici qara q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259m\u0259li kimi yozuldu. Ax\u0131 bel\u0259 f\u0259lak\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin s\u0259b\u0259bi Muqabenin f\u0259ras\u0259tsiz islahatlar\u0131 deyil, onu g\u00f6z\u00fc g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259n, pax\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ed\u0259n dair\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259tbiq etdikl\u0259ri sanksiyalar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri idi. Onlar g\u00fcman edirdil\u0259r ki, bununla Zimbabve xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z dahi r\u0259hb\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tini sars\u0131da bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r, lakin yan\u0131ld\u0131lar. D\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc Zimbabve xalq\u0131 bu inflyasiyaya da d\u00f6zd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd, obyektiv baxanda m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tin sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rini sezm\u0259k olard\u0131. 2008-ci ild\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n prezident se\u00e7kil\u0259rinin ilk turunda 48% s\u0259s toplayan m\u00fcxalif namiz\u0259d Morqan \u00c7vanqirai qalib g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Robert Muqabe is\u0259 c\u0259mi 43,2% s\u0259s toplam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin ikinci tur \u00f6nc\u0259si \u00c7vanqirai h\u0259d\u0259-qorxu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6z namiz\u0259dliyi faktiki geri g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, iqtisadiyyat\u0131n tamamil\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcy\u00fc, \u0259halinin yaln\u0131z ki\u00e7ik hiss\u0259sinin i\u015fl\u0259 t\u0259min olundu\u011fu, d\u00f6rdnala \u00e7apan inflyasiya ya\u015fayan, \u00fcst\u0259lik Q\u0130\u00c7S x\u0259st\u0259liyinin epidemiya \u015f\u0259klini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 prezident 85,5% s\u0259s \u201ctoplayaraq\u201d \u00f6z v\u0259zif\u0259sini qorudu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bel\u0259c\u0259, m\u0259nfur d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rin arzular\u0131 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259 qald\u0131. Zimbabve xalq\u0131 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 m\u00fcdriklik n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdir\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcst\u0259qillikl\u0259rinin memar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131nda s\u0131x birl\u0259\u015fdil\u0259r, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rini yen\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 kimi g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 layiqli cavablar\u0131n\u0131 verdil\u0259r!\n<\/p>\n

\n Xalq\u0131n Robert Muqabey\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tini t\u0259svir ed\u0259n birinci ledi Qreys Muqabe bu ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259mi\u015fdi: \u0259rim h\u0259tta \u00f6ls\u0259 bel\u0259, onun meyidinin prezidentliy\u0259 namiz\u0259dliyini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrs\u0259k, ham\u0131dan \u00e7ox s\u0259s toplayar. Kim bilir, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 paytaxt Hararenin meri \u201cZimbabved\u0259 bir ki\u015fi var, o da c\u0259nab prezidentdir\u201d s\u00f6yl\u0259yibmi\u015f.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin son g\u00fcnl\u0259r bu dost v\u0259 qarda\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n he\u00e7 xo\u015f x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r g\u0259lmir. H\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r \u00e7evrili\u015f\u0259 ox\u015far n\u0259s\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r. Hadis\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259c\u0259yini indid\u0259n s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. Lakin he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 yoxdur ki, bu i\u015fin arxas\u0131nda Zimbabvenin qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri g\u00f6z\u00fc g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259n, m\u00fcst\u0259qil daxili v\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259tini b\u0259y\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r. Kim bilir, b\u0259lk\u0259 erm\u0259ni lobbisinin d\u0259 \u0259li var.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00dcmid ed\u0259k ki, Zimbabve xalq\u0131 bu s\u0131naqdan da \u00fcz\u00fca\u011f \u00e7\u0131xacaq, m\u00f6ht\u0259r\u0259m Robert Muqabe c\u0259nablar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131nda s\u0131x birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri p\u0259jm\u00fcrd\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k. Allah oradak\u0131 nazil\u0259rin, Harare merinin \u00f6mr\u00fcnd\u0259n k\u0259sib prezidentin \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u0259 calas\u0131n.\n<\/p>\n

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\n Yaz\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llifin fikirl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirir v\u0259 Meydan TV-nin m\u00f6vqeyi il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r.
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Afrika \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda avropal\u0131lardan m\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259n son \u00f6lk\u0259 Zimbabve oldu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":95498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUlu \u00f6nd\u0259r Muqabe - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/ulu-onder-muqabe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ulu \u00f6nd\u0259r Muqabe - 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