{"id":187243,"date":"2017-10-29T23:53:52","date_gmt":"2017-10-29T23:53:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/turkiye-cumhuriyyeti-ve-mustafa-kamal-ataturk\/"},"modified":"2017-10-29T23:53:52","modified_gmt":"2017-10-29T23:53:52","slug":"turkiye-cumhuriyyeti-ve-mustafa-kamal-ataturk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/turkiye-cumhuriyyeti-ve-mustafa-kamal-ataturk\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti v\u0259 Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin qurucusu Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti zaman-zaman m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusu olur. T\u0259bii ki, h\u0259r bir tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi Atat\u00fcrk d\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259, t\u0259fti\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259nqid oluna bil\u0259r. Lakin bu m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r zaman\u0131 bir \u00e7ox halda tarixi faktlar t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259hrif olunur, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259 tamamil\u0259 zidd olan fikirl\u0259r s\u0259sl\u0259ndirilir, Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn xidm\u0259tl\u0259rini he\u00e7\u0259 endirm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 tarixi faktlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u00f6z bax\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 oxucular\u0131n m\u00fchakim\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259yi laz\u0131m bildik.\n<\/p>\n

\n Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n Birinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131nda m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n 4 ild\u0259n art\u0131q s\u00fcr\u0259n Birinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131 1918-ci ilin pay\u0131z\u0131nda sona \u00e7atd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n savay\u0131 Almaniya, Avstriya-Macar\u0131stan v\u0259 Bolqar\u0131stan\u0131n daxil oldu\u011fu, tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131qda \u201cM\u0259rk\u0259z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan ittifaq Antanta v\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub oldu. Oktyabr\u0131n 30-da Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 Mudros at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini imzalad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n At\u0259\u015fk\u0259s m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7ox qeyd-\u015f\u0259rtsiz t\u0259slim akt\u0131n\u0131 xat\u0131rladan Mudros m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131r idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fslind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u00f6z \u0259razisi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki suveren h\u00fcquqlardan m\u0259hrum edilirdi. D\u0259niz limanlar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259rsan\u0259l\u0259ri, tunell\u0259r v\u0259 d\u0259miryollar\u0131, Bosfor v\u0259 Dardanell bo\u011fazlar\u0131 qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin n\u0259zar\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. T\u00fcrk ordusu v\u0259 donanmas\u0131 silah\u0131 yer\u0259 qoyub t\u0259slim olmal\u0131 idi. Qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00f6z t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlikl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259hdid g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259ri ist\u0259nil\u0259n \u0259razini i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin iddia etdikl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259ki 6 vilay\u0259td\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131q \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131sa, Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri oran\u0131 da i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. Mudros m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin 24-c\u00fc madd\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n bu \u015f\u0259rt erm\u0259nil\u0259rin s\u0259rb\u0259st f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r, t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0259ks-t\u0259dbir g\u00f6rm\u0259l\u0259rinin is\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Noyabr\u0131n 13-d\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259, Fransa v\u0259 \u0130taliya q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri \u0130stanbula qo\u015fun \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131lar. Bosfor v\u0259 Dardanel bo\u011fazlar\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259n istehkamlar tutuldu. Mosul neft m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259ri, \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259run, Antep, Afyonkarahisar, Eski\u015fehir, Mara\u015f, Urfa, Kutahya, Samsun v\u0259 Trabzon ingilisl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, Zonquldak k\u00f6m\u00fcr m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259ri, Mersin v\u0259 Adana frans\u0131zlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, Antalya, Ku\u015fadas\u0131, Bodrum, Isparta, Marmaris v\u0259 Konya italyanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edildi. Lakin bu, h\u0259l\u0259 tam deyildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1919-cu il yanvar\u0131n 18-d\u0259 Parisd\u0259 i\u015fin\u0259 ba\u015flayan S\u00fclh konfrans\u0131 \u0130zmir v\u0259 \u00e7evr\u0259sini yunanlar\u0131n tutmas\u0131na raz\u0131l\u0131q verdi. May\u0131n 15-d\u0259 yunanlar \u0130zmiri i\u015f\u011fal etdil\u0259r. \u018fsrl\u0259rl\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 \u0259sar\u0259tind\u0259 olan yunanlar\u0131n m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin q\u00fcruruna ciddi z\u0259rb\u0259 oldu. M\u0259hz bu hadis\u0259 il\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin m\u00fcqavim\u0259t h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"Misaki
\n Misaki Milli
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n M\u00fcqavim\u0259t h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131 v\u0259 Misak-i Milli\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n 1919-cu ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 Fransan\u0131n Ali komissarlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 bir nota t\u0259qdim ed\u0259r\u0259k \u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluda ki\u00e7ik partizan d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdyini v\u0259 xristianlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131qlar t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyini iddia etdil\u0259r. Notada bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nmazsa, qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259min vilay\u0259tl\u0259ri i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259c\u0259yi bildirilirdi. Bu ultimatumun qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti Birinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131ndan biri olan Mustafa Kamal Pa\u015faya f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259r ver\u0259r\u0259k \u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. Pa\u015fa b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 asayi\u015fi b\u0259rpa etm\u0259li, silahlar\u0131 toplayaraq n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda saxlamal\u0131, partizan d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rini da\u011f\u0131tmal\u0131 idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin may\u0131n 19-da Samsuna \u00e7\u0131xan Mustafa Kamal tamamil\u0259 \u0259ks siyas\u0259t y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Samsundan Amasyaya h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259n pa\u015fa iyunun 22-d\u0259 Amasya b\u0259yannam\u0259si deyil\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259di payla\u015fd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilk s\u0259n\u0259di olan bu b\u0259yannam\u0259d\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r, h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n deyil, mill\u0259tin hegemonlu\u011fu ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259r q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f edilirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00fcquq m\u00fcdafi\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri (M\u00fcdafaa-i hukuk cemiyetleri) f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r. Bu c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u00f6z b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rinin Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 qalmas\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u0259 Erzurumda (23 iyul \u2013 7 avqust), sonra Sivasda (4-11 sentyabr) ke\u00e7iril\u0259n konqresl\u0259rind\u0259n sonra vahid Anadolu v\u0259 Rumeli h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259ti yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Mustafa Kamal Pa\u015fan\u0131n s\u0259dr se\u00e7ildiyi c\u0259miyy\u0259t milli s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259zliyi prinsipini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1920-ci il yanvar\u0131n 12-d\u0259 \u0130stanbulda son Osmanl\u0131 M\u0259clisi i\u015fin\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Parlamentd\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fan\u0131n ba\u015flatd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcqavim\u0259t h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. Onlar parlamentd\u0259 Felah-i Vatan (V\u0259t\u0259nin qurtulu\u015fu) adl\u0131 qrup yaratd\u0131lar. Yanvar\u0131n 28-d\u0259 bu qrupun t\u0259siri il\u0259 M\u0259clis Misak-i Milli (Milli and) deyil\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259di q\u0259bul etdi. 6 madd\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t s\u0259n\u0259din \u0259sas qay\u0259si ilk madd\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ks olunmu\u015fdu: Mudros m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzalanan zaman d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f, \u0259sas\u0259n \u0259r\u0259b \u00e7oxlu\u011funun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi o b\u00f6lg\u0259 \u0259halisinin s\u0259rb\u0259st ifad\u0259 edilmi\u015f r\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259c\u0259kdir. Bunun xaricind\u0259 t\u00fcrk v\u0259 \u0130slam \u00e7oxlu\u011funun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259z v\u0259 ayr\u0131lmaz bir tam say\u0131lacaqd\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00d6nc\u0259 gizli q\u0259bul edil\u0259n bu s\u0259n\u0259d fevral\u0131n 12-d\u0259 ictimail\u0259\u015fdirildi v\u0259 qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin ciddi narahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Antanta q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri mart\u0131n 16-da \u0130stanbulu i\u015f\u011fal etdil\u0259r. M\u0259clisin 2 g\u00fcn sonrak\u0131 toplant\u0131s\u0131 is\u0259 silah g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131, mill\u0259t v\u0259kill\u0259rinin bir qismi h\u0259bs edil\u0259r\u0259k Malta adas\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rildil\u0259r. Sultan VI Mehmet is\u0259 Antantan\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 aprelin 11-d\u0259 M\u0259clisin burax\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elan etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Son Osmanl\u0131 parlamentinin \u00fczvl\u0259rinin bir qismi Anadoluya ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k Mustafa Kamal pa\u015faya qo\u015fula bildil\u0259r. Aprelin 23-d\u0259 Ankarada onlar\u0131n v\u0259 yeni se\u00e7il\u0259nl\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 yeni parlament – T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Mill\u0259t M\u0259clisi (TBMM) f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Mustafa Kamal M\u0259clis ba\u015fqan\u0131, may\u0131n 3-d\u0259 is\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 Ba\u015f nazir (icra v\u0259kill\u0259r hey\u0259tinin r\u0259isi) se\u00e7ildi. Ankara \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri is\u0259 m\u00fcqavim\u0259tin m\u0259rk\u0259zi oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Damad F\u0259rid pa\u015fan\u0131n aprelin 5-d\u0259n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti m\u00fcqavim\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 \u201cPad\u015fah\u0131n \u0259mrin\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n istila\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 dir\u0259ni\u015f\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n milliy\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259l\u0259ri caiz olmaqla qalmay\u0131b, h\u0259tta h\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman\u0131n dini borcudur. Bu yolda \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259r \u015f\u0259hid, qalanlar qazi say\u0131l\u0131r\u201d yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259tni f\u0259tva verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015feyx\u00fclislama t\u0259qdim etdi. Lakin \u015feyx\u00fclislam bu s\u0259n\u0259di imzalamaqdan imtina ed\u0259r\u0259k istefa verdi. O zaman f\u0259tvan\u0131 imzalama\u011fa raz\u0131 olan ba\u015fqa birisi \u015feyx\u00fclislam t\u0259yin edildi. Veril\u0259n f\u0259tva \u0259sas\u0131nda h\u00f6kum\u0259t Mustafa Kamal v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 qanundan k\u0259nar elan ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6l\u00fcm\u0259 m\u0259hkum etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"Sevr
\n Sevr x\u0259rit\u0259si
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259si\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n Mudrosda imzalanan s\u0259n\u0259d m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s m\u00fcqavil\u0259si idi. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti yekun s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259 onun \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rini yum\u015faltma\u011fa \u00fcmid edirdi. Onlar bu zaman AB\u015e prezidenti Vudro Vilsonun h\u0259l\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 ged\u0259rk\u0259n b\u0259yan etdiyi \u201cOn d\u00f6rd prinsip\u201d\u0259 istinad edirdil\u0259r. Bu s\u0259n\u0259din 12-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrkl\u0259r ya\u015fayan hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u201ct\u0259minatl\u0131 suverenlik\u201d, dig\u0259r xalqlara is\u0259 \u201cmuxtar inki\u015faf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sars\u0131lmaz \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r\u201d v\u0259d olunurdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin ger\u00e7\u0259klik f\u0259rqli oldu. Qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r z\u0259ngin Osmanl\u0131 miras\u0131n\u0131 aralar\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcrm\u0259kd\u0259 maraql\u0131 idil\u0259r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259 yekun s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin imzalanmas\u0131 xeyli l\u0259ngidi. Antanta v\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259ri 1919-cu ilin yay v\u0259 pay\u0131z aylar\u0131nda m\u0259\u011flub Almaniya, Avstriya v\u0259 Macar\u0131stanla s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini imzalad\u0131lar. Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259 s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin imzalanmas\u0131 is\u0259 1920-ci ilin yay\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n N\u0259hay\u0259t, 1920-ci il avqustun 10-da Paris yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 Sevr \u015f\u0259h\u0259rciyind\u0259 qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 aras\u0131nda yekun s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzaland\u0131. 433 madd\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri olduqca a\u011f\u0131r idi. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u0130stanbul \u0259traf\u0131nda ki\u00e7ik \u00e7evr\u0259 istisna olmaqla Avropadak\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131, Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqi, \u018fr\u0259bistan yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131, \u015eimali Afrikan\u0131 itirirdi. Avropadak\u0131 torpaqlar Yunan\u0131stana verilirdi. Yunanlar h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0130zmir v\u0259 \u00e7evr\u0259sini i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. Burada 5 ild\u0259n sonra ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259k referendum b\u00f6lg\u0259nin sonrak\u0131 taleyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 itirirdi. Anadolunun c\u0259nubu \u0259sas\u0259n \u0130taliyan\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u015eimal-\u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluda yarad\u0131lan Erm\u0259nistan d\u00f6vl\u0259tini tan\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t Trabzon vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Qara d\u0259niz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f \u0259ld\u0259 edirdi. Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259si s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259, Fransa v\u0259 \u0130taliyan\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259yi k\u00fcrd idar\u0259\u00e7iliyinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Bir il sonra k\u00fcrdl\u0259r z\u0259ruri sayard\u0131larsa, m\u00fcst\u0259qillikl\u0259rinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Mill\u0259tl\u0259r C\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. \u0130stanbul v\u0259 M\u0259rm\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259nizinin c\u0259nub sahill\u0259ri Osmanl\u0131 \u0259razisi kimi tan\u0131nsa da, burada, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 bo\u011fazlarda beyn\u0259lxalq idar\u0259\u00e7ilik m\u00f6vcud olacaqd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1914-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u0130ttihad v\u0259 T\u0259r\u0259qqi h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n l\u0259\u011fv edilmi\u015f kapitulyasyonlar (Osmanl\u0131 \u0259razisind\u0259 xarici tacirl\u0259r\u0259 x\u00fcsusi h\u00fcquqlar ver\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin iqtisadi m\u0259nafel\u0259rin\u0259 ciddi probleml\u0259r yaradan \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r) Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 qalib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa edilirdi. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin maliyy\u0259si m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rin yaradaca\u011f\u0131 komissiya il\u0259 idar\u0259 olunacaqd\u0131. A\u011f\u0131r silahlara v\u0259 donanmaya malik olmaq h\u00fcququndan m\u0259hrum edil\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 maksimum 50 minlik h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259 saxlaya bil\u0259rdi. Onun da 35 minini asayi\u015fi qoruyan jandarmeriya t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259kdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259si \u0259slind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin yar\u0131-m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si dem\u0259k idi. \u015e\u0259rtl\u0259rin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 bir fakt da s\u00fcbut edir ki, Paris konfrans\u0131nda uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t Osmanl\u0131 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etmi\u015f Ahmet Tefvik pa\u015fa m\u00fcqavil\u0259ni imzalamaqdan imtina etmi\u015f, \u0130stanbula qay\u0131daraq v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259n istefa vermi\u015fdi. Bundan sonra s\u0259dr\u0259z\u0259m Damat F\u0259rid pa\u015fa n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259tin\u0259 \u015fxs\u0259n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259r\u0259n Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini imzalam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\n
\n Milli-azadl\u0131q m\u00fcbariz\u0259si qalib g\u0259ldikd\u0259n sonra Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini imzalayan n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti \u201c150-l\u0259r siyah\u0131s\u0131\u201dna sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, v\u0259t\u0259n xaini elan edil\u0259r\u0259k v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum edilmi\u015f v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 giri\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qada\u011fa qoyulmu\u015fdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259zi \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil partizan d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Antepd\u0259 Molla Mehmet Karay\u0131lan, Mara\u015fda S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam, Urfada Ali Saipin r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015flarda m\u00fcst\u0259sna q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131qlar g\u00f6st\u0259rdil\u0259r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 1921-ci ild\u0259 Antep\u0259 Qazi, 1973-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Mara\u015fa Q\u0259hr\u0259man, 1984-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 Urfaya \u015eanl\u0131 \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 verildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n \u0259razil\u0259ri tutma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Erm\u0259nistanla m\u00fcharib\u0259 d\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n asan oldu. 1920-ci ilin sentyabr\u0131n 24-d\u0259n dekabr\u0131n 2-\u0259 kimi davam ed\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyatlarda Kaz\u0131m Karabekir pa\u015fan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r erm\u0259nil\u0259ri tam m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t\u0259 u\u011fratd\u0131lar. T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131nda imzalanan G\u00fcmr\u00fc (Aleksandropol) m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Erm\u0259nistan Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ona \u00e7atacaq torpaqlardan imtina etm\u0259li, C\u0259nubi Qafqazdak\u0131 \u0259razisi il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259li oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas c\u0259bh\u0259si is\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 yunan m\u00fcdaxil\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 idi. 1919-cu ilin may\u0131nda \u0130zmiri tutan yunanlar 2 ay sonra ciddi m\u00fcqavim\u0259t\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259d\u0259n n\u0259zar\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 olan \u0259razini xeyli geni\u015fl\u0259ndirdil\u0259r. \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 U\u015fak, \u015eimal \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 is\u0259 Bursaya q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259razil\u0259r yunanlar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. Bu zaman h\u0259l\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlanma d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrk v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259rl\u0259rinin m\u00fcqavim\u0259t imkanlar\u0131 z\u0259if idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1920-ci ilin mart\u0131ndan ba\u015flayaraq yunanlar Anadolunun i\u00e7l\u0259rin\u0259 do\u011fru ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. M\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rind\u0259n h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli yard\u0131m alan yunanlara nisb\u0259td\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r ciddi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlarla \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 idil\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 yunanlar\u0131n ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaqda \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259kirdil\u0259r. Lakin yunanlar da \u00f6z m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 – r\u0259qibin silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini darmada\u011f\u0131n ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti q\u0131rma\u011fa nail ola bilmirdil\u0259r. Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fan\u0131n bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259sas xidm\u0259ti \u00f6z q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini qoruyaraq intizaml\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259ni t\u0259min etm\u0259si oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1921-ci ilin avqustuna kimi davam ed\u0259n d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yunanlar Ankara \u0259traf\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r ir\u0259lil\u0259dil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avqustun 23-d\u0259 is\u0259 Sakarya d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ba\u015flad\u0131. Ankaran\u0131 tutmaq u\u011frunda yunanlar\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u0259m\u0259liyyat sentyabr\u0131n 13-n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam etdi. M\u0259qs\u0259din\u0259 nail olmayan v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u00fck\u0259n\u0259n yunanlar Sakarya \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rb sahilin\u0259 qay\u0131tma\u011fa m\u0259cbur oldular. Bununla da Q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259al h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar 1 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r durduruldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sakarya d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Qazi titulu v\u0259 mar\u015fal r\u00fctb\u0259si alan Mustafa Kamal 1 illik fasil\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6z h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin m\u00f6vqeyini v\u0259 ordusunun t\u0259hcizat\u0131n\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etdi. Diplomatik add\u0131mlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Fransan\u0131n neytrall\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259min edildi. Afinada anti-ingilis meylli q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n naraz\u0131 qalan \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 yunanlara yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131. Yunanlarla maraqlar\u0131 toqqu\u015fan \u0130taliya is\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u018fn ciddi d\u0259st\u0259k is\u0259 bol\u015fevik Rusiyas\u0131ndan g\u0259ldi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Moskvan\u0131n kamal\u00e7\u0131lara yard\u0131m etm\u0259sinin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bi vard\u0131. Bol\u015fevikl\u0259r bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Antanta m\u00fctt\u0259fiqi olan yunanlardansa, imperializm \u0259leyhin\u0259 sava\u015fan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin qalib g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259 maraql\u0131 idi. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, sol\u00e7u g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r s\u0259rgil\u0259y\u0259n Mustafa Kamal\u0131n bir g\u00fcn kommunist olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da istisna etmirdi. Rusiyan\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131nda maraql\u0131 olan mar\u015fal hadis\u0259l\u0259rin bel\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na \u00fcmidi ustal\u0131qla d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yirdi. Ntic\u0259d\u0259, 1921-ci il \u0259rzind\u0259 Ankara h\u00f6kum\u0259ti bol\u015fevikl\u0259rd\u0259n 10 milyon rubl q\u0131z\u0131l pul, 33 min t\u00fcf\u0259ng, 58 milyon patron, 327 pulemyot, 54 top v\u0259 dig\u0259r h\u0259rbi yard\u0131m ald\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dig\u0259r c\u0259bh\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi t\u0259min ed\u0259n Mustafa Kamal 1922-ci ilin yay\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini Ankara \u0259traf\u0131na toplad\u0131. Avqustun 26-da t\u00fcrk tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck taarruz\u201d adlanan geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 h\u00fccum \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131. Yunanlar\u0131n m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti dem\u0259k olar ki, d\u0259rhal q\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, iri h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n yenic\u0259 ba\u015f komandan t\u0259yin olunmu\u015f general Trikopis \u0259sir al\u0131nd\u0131. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Trikopis \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rk\u0259n \u00f6z t\u0259yinat\u0131ndan h\u0259l\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rsiz idi, ba\u015f komandan t\u0259yin olunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n e\u015fitdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Taarruz olduqca u\u011furlu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 davam edirdi. Yunanlar\u0131n ilyar\u0131m \u0259rzind\u0259 tuta bildikl\u0259ri \u0259razil\u0259r 2 h\u0259ft\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259ndi. Art\u0131q sentyabr\u0131n 9-da \u0130zmir t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. Oktyabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 Mudanyada yeni at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzaland\u0131. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n yunanlar t\u0259kc\u0259 Ki\u00e7ik Asiyada deyil, \u015e\u0259rqi Frakiyada (indiki T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Avropa \u0259razisi) da \u0259razi iddialar\u0131ndan vaz ke\u00e7dil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"T\u00fcrkiy\u0259
\n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n Lozanna m\u00fcqavil\u0259si\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n Qurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 ikihakimiyy\u0259tlilik h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. H\u0259m Ahmet Tevfik pa\u015fan\u0131n s\u0259dr\u0259z\u0259m oldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti, h\u0259m d\u0259 Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi h\u00f6kum\u0259t m\u00f6vcud idi. Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 yekun s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini imzalamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r iki h\u00f6kum\u0259tin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin Lozanna \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015flayacaq konfransa d\u0259v\u0259t etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Lakin noyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 TBMM-nin q\u0259bul etdiyi q\u0259rarla Osmanl\u0131 monarxiyas\u0131na son qoyuldu, Ahmet Tefvik pa\u015fa h\u00f6kum\u0259ti d\u0259 istefa verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Noyabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 ba\u015flayan Lozanna konfrans\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 hey\u0259tin\u0259 xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri \u0130sm\u0259t pa\u015fa (sonralar \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc soyad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259kdir) r\u0259hbrlik edirdi. Qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, Fransa, Yunan\u0131stan, Rum\u0131niya, Yaponiya v\u0259 Serb, xorvat, sloven krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1929-cu ild\u0259n Yuqoslaviya) i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r. AB\u015e t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259ri m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7i statusunda i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r. Birinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131nda m\u0259\u011flub d\u00f6vl\u0259t say\u0131lan Bolqar\u0131stan v\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n yaln\u0131z Qara d\u0259niz bo\u011fazlar\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin m\u00fczakir\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 vard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lozannada konfrans he\u00e7 d\u0259 asan ke\u00e7m\u0259di. 8 aydan \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlardan sonra 1923-c\u00fc il iyulun 24-d\u0259 s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzaland\u0131. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259 \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259di. Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 K\u00fcrd\u00fcstan kimi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan \u0259razil\u0259r d\u0259 daxil, b\u00fct\u00fcn Ki\u00e7ik Asiya yar\u0131madas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin \u0259razisi kimi tan\u0131nd\u0131. Avropada \u015e\u0259rqi Frakiya (indiki Edirne, K\u0131rklareli v\u0259 Tekirda\u011f vilay\u0259tl\u0259ri)T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qaytar\u0131lmaqla Maritsa (t\u00fcrkc\u0259: Meri\u00e7) \u00e7ay\u0131 s\u0259rh\u0259d kimi tan\u0131nd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fcqavil\u0259 kapitulyasyonlar\u0131 v\u0259 Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq maliyy\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259tini l\u0259\u011fv etdi. Osmanl\u0131 borcunun t\u0259kc\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin deyil, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 daxil olmu\u015f v\u0259 indi m\u00fcst\u0259qillik qazanm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin d\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yi q\u0259rara al\u0131nd\u0131. Qara d\u0259niz bo\u011fazlar\u0131 h\u0259rbsizl\u0259\u015fdirilir, ist\u0259r m\u00fcharib\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 dinc d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 ticari v\u0259 h\u0259rbi g\u0259mil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131q elan edilirdi (1938-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin ba\u015fqa bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259, Montr\u00f6d\u0259 imzalanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259 il\u0259 bo\u011fazlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin suverenliyi b\u0259rpa edildi).\n<\/p>\n

\n Lozanna m\u00fcqavil\u0259si T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 Yunan\u0131stan aras\u0131nda \u0259hali m\u00fcbadil\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Bu \u015f\u0259rt\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n \u0130stanbul istisna olmaqla T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan yunanlar Yunan\u0131stana, Yunan\u0131standa ya\u015fayan m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. M\u0259cburi olan bu m\u00fcbadil\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1,2 milyon yunan, 500 min m\u00fcs\u0259lman k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lozannada h\u0259ll edilm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259razi probleml\u0259rind\u0259n Mosul v\u0259 Hatay m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si qal\u0131rd\u0131. Mosul sorunu bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini xeyli k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fdirdi v\u0259 h\u0259tta h\u0259rbi konflikt astanas\u0131na g\u0259tirdi. N\u0259hay\u0259t, 1926-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Ankarada imzalanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Mosul neftind\u0259n 25 il \u0259rzind\u0259 10% pay almaq \u015f\u0259rtil\u0259 vilay\u0259ti \u0130raq \u0259razisi kimi tan\u0131d\u0131. Hatay is\u0259 Vilay\u0259t M\u0259clisinin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 1939-cu ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdi.
\n
\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Lozannada v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Misak-i Milli x\u0259rit\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n \u0259razil\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259 geri qaytarma\u011fa nail oldu. Bu s\u0131rada \u0130raqa qat\u0131lan H\u0259l\u0259b, Mosul, K\u0259rk\u00fck v\u0259 \u018frbil \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u0259razi, Qafqazda Batum \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizind\u0259 Kipr adas\u0131, Egey d\u0259nizind\u0259ki adalar, Avropada is\u0259 Saloniki \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin \u0259traf\u0131 v\u0259 Maritsa \u00e7ay\u0131ndan \u015fimaldak\u0131 b\u0259zi \u0259razil\u0259r istisna t\u0259\u015fkil etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Milli-azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131ndak\u0131 h\u0259rbi q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin Lozannada tan\u0131nmas\u0131ndan 3 ay sonra, 1923-c\u00fc il oktyabr\u0131n 29-da T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Mill\u0259t M\u0259clisi T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elan etdi. Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fa is\u0259 mill\u0259t v\u0259kill\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin ilk prezidenti se\u00e7ildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Atat\u00fcrk\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n V\u0259fat\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259rki 15 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin prezidenti olmu\u015f Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fan\u0131 b\u0259zi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 – dalbadal v\u0259 alternativsiz prezident se\u00e7ilm\u0259si, t\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 sistem qurmas\u0131, k\u00fcrdl\u0259rin milli h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mamas\u0131 v\u0259 s. \u2013 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259nqid etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Lakin Birinci cahan sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259ni yar\u0131-m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 olmaqdan qurtulmas\u0131, beyn\u0259lxalq al\u0259md\u0259 tamh\u00fcquqlu v\u0259 l\u0259yaq\u0259tli subyekt\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si, etnoqrafik s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259r \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259razi b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259mini u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6lg\u0259 salmaq c\u0259hdi obyektivlikd\u0259n \u00e7ox uzaq olur. 1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 soyadlar haqq\u0131nda qanunun q\u0259bulundan sonra TBMM t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Atat\u00fcrk soyad\u0131 veril\u0259n Qazi Mustafa Kamal pa\u015fa bu soyad\u0131 tamamil\u0259 haqq edirdi. O, do\u011frudan da, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin, C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin atas\u0131 hesab olunurdu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin qurucusu Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti zaman-zaman m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusu olur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":94634,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti v\u0259 Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/turkiye-cumhuriyyeti-ve-mustafa-kamal-ataturk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti v\u0259 Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrk - 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