{"id":186664,"date":"2017-09-24T03:54:31","date_gmt":"2017-09-24T03:54:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/"},"modified":"2017-09-24T03:54:31","modified_gmt":"2017-09-24T03:54:31","slug":"qanunun-aliliyine-kecid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/","title":{"rendered":"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n
\n
\n Frensis Fukuyama
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Frensis Fukuyama Con Hopkins universitetind\u0259 Beyn\u0259lxalq Siyasi \u0130qtisadiyyat professorudur. O, siyasi inki\u015fafla ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kitab \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir, siz\u0259 t\u0259qdim etdiyimiz m\u0259qal\u0259 h\u0259min kitabdan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb.
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n

\n Liberal demokratiya iki institut\u00a0\u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir; xalq\u0131n se\u00e7imin\u0259 hesabat ver\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n demokratiya institutlar\u0131 v\u0259 qanunun aliliyin\u0259 t\u0259minat ver\u0259n liberal institutlar. Demokratik ke\u00e7idl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 – 1970-l\u0259rin ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin “\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dal\u011fas\u0131” il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti Semuel P.Hantinqtonun yazd\u0131qlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan – \u0259d\u0259biyyat m\u00f6vcuddur. Lakin q\u0259rib\u0259dir ki, demokratiyaya ke\u00e7idl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr olunanlarla m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 qanunun aliliyi bar\u0259d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat nisb\u0259t\u0259n q\u0131td\u0131r. H\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n qanunun aliliyi v\u0259 onun inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki t\u0259\u015fviqat\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 olduqca \u00e7ox \u015fey yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 ortadad\u0131r, iqtisad\u00e7\u0131lar is\u0259 qanunun aliliyini h\u0259m n\u0259z\u0259ril\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f, h\u0259m d\u0259 onu iqtisadi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hdl\u0259r etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Amma qanunun aliliyinin b\u0259zi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ril\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 niy\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc oldu\u011funa, onun dig\u0259r institutlarla girdiyi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 onun harda ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 dair nisb\u0259t\u0259n az m\u00fcqayis\u0259vi n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131b. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259n bu problem bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 i\u015fi t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259y\u0259m, bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 “Demokratiya Jurnal\u0131”n\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k iyirmi ilinin t\u0259dqiqat agendas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcl rolunu oynaya bil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qanunun aliliyi bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259rk\u0259n ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan ilk problem onun t\u0259rifidir. “Demokratiya” terminind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi qanunun aliliyi terminind\u0259 d\u0259 el\u0259 geni\u015f m\u0259na yozumlar\u0131 var ki, onun n\u0259z\u0259ril\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirir. Son bir ne\u00e7\u0259 on illikd\u0259 “qanunun aliliyi” kimi yarl\u0131qla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan m\u0259fhuma demokratiyan\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259k elementi v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7ilik t\u0259\u015fviqat\u0131 kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck diqq\u0259t yetirilib. Bu mara\u011f\u0131n \u00e7oxu iqtisad\u00e7\u0131lara m\u0259nsubdur, “qanunun aliliyi” m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259 xas anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, n\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259, qanunun aliliyinin n\u0259 oldu\u011fu v\u0259 onun n\u0259d\u0259n ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si t\u0259hrif edilib.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130qtisad\u00e7\u0131lar qanunun aliliyind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n, bir qayda olaraq, m\u00fcasir m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturlar. M\u00fcasir m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 yax\u0131n qruplar\u0131n, dini qurumlar\u0131n v\u0259 ya d\u00f6vl\u0259tin m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259ti olmadan \u00f6zl\u0259rinin m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tini satmaqda, yaxud transfer etm\u0259kd\u0259 azad olan f\u0259rdl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. M\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 iqtisadi art\u0131mla birba\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u00fchafiz\u0259 alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu bilm\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r, uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli investisiyalar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259zl\u0259r. Ox\u015far \u015f\u0259kild\u0259, ticar\u0259t m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b edir, leqal mexanizm onlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131nda qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz olaraq ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259ri yoluna qoyur. M\u00fcqavil\u0259 qaydalar\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015f\u0259ffaf v\u0259 onlar\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r obyektiv olsa, ticar\u0259t d\u0259 bir o q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox t\u0259\u015fviq olunar. \u0130qtisad\u00e7\u0131lar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin institutsional t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259yar\u0131 kimi “etibarl\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259\u00e7ilikl\u0259rin” vacibliyini m\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n qabard\u0131rlar. Bu m\u0259nada uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli iqtisadi art\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fccl\u00fc m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n laz\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sasland\u0131ran kifay\u0259t sayda empirik \u0259d\u0259biyyat m\u00f6vcuddur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, qanunun aliliyi prinsipini m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u0131ndan \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259, onun t\u0259rifini h\u0259dsiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 darald\u0131r v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, o, h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n ad\u0259t\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutduqlar\u0131 termin\u0259 bir o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015f olur. Q\u0259dim, leqal t\u0259rifin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, qanunlar, c\u0259miyy\u0259ti bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011flayan \u0259dliyy\u0259 qaydalar\u0131 toplusudur. Modernd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar inan\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, qanunlar hans\u0131sa insani qanunvericid\u0259n deyil, daha y\u00fcks\u0259k bir m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259d\u0259n – ya ilahid\u0259n, ya da t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259n g\u0259lir. Krallar, baronlar, prezidentl\u0259r, qanunvericil\u0259r, yaxud m\u00fclk\u0259darlar yeni pozitiv qanunvericilik \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r, lakin \u0259g\u0259r bu qanunvericilik qanunun aliliyi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259liydis\u0259, o zaman o, adlar\u0131 sadalananlar\u0131n irad\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun deyil, art\u0131q m\u00f6vcud olan h\u00fcququn qanunlar \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259li idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Hans\u0131sa ilahi m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259d\u0259n, yaxud t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259n g\u0259ldiyi g\u00fcman edil\u0259n bel\u0259 ilkin qanun anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 qanunun hans\u0131sa insani qurum t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xsa da, onu ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan yeni \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun interpretasiya etm\u0259yi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hesab edirdi. Dini t\u0259sisatlar\u0131n t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u0259 u\u011framas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 t\u0259bii h\u00fcquqlar konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131yla biz yaln\u0131z k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 geni\u015f sosial konsensusu ehtiva ed\u0259n v\u0259 ciddi prosedural qanunlar \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si alt\u0131nda olan h\u00fcququ insan xilq\u0259tinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f kimi d\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131q – o, pozitiv h\u00fcququn n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. M\u00fcasir AB\u015e-da, bu, o dem\u0259kdir ki, Konqresd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n ist\u0259nil\u0259n yeni qanun ilkin v\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcn qanunlar toplusu olan AB\u015e Konstitusiyas\u0131na uy\u011fun olmal\u0131d\u0131r, o konstitusiya ki, \u0259sas \u00e7oxluqlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ratifikasiya v\u0259 Ali M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n interpretasiya edilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qanunun aliliyinin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi leqal anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 iqtisad\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n qanunu m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na aid etm\u0259si aras\u0131nda bir \u0259laq\u0259 oldu\u011fu ayd\u0131nd\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00f6vcud olan qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu hiss etm\u0259d\u0259n, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259nalarda h\u00f6kmran hesab ets\u0259, o zaman onu v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n, yaxud \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 biznesl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan xaricil\u0259rin m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tini m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n he\u00e7 n\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kindir\u0259 bilm\u0259z. \u018fg\u0259r \u00fcmumi qanunlar g\u00fccl\u00fc elitalara, yaxud \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc aktyor olan d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilmirs\u0259, o zaman he\u00e7 kim s\u00f6z ver\u0259 bilm\u0259z ki, x\u00fcsusi m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t, yaxud ticar\u0259t m\u00fchafiz\u0259 alt\u0131nda olacaq.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n qanunun aliliyi m\u00f6vcud olmasa da, iqtisadi t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u0259 \u0259sas ver\u0259n “kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u015f\u0131” m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ola bil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259nada \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259 \u00c7in Xalq Respublikas\u0131d\u0131r (\u00c7XR). \u00c7ind\u0259 bu g\u00fcn h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n q\u0259bul etdiyi m\u0259nada qanunun aliliyi prinsipi m\u00f6vcud deyil: \u00c7in Kommunist Partiyas\u0131 (\u00c7KP) \u00c7ind\u0259 onun q\u0259rarlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259c\u0259k hans\u0131sa g\u00fccl\u00fc institutun h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul etmir. \u00c7XR-d\u0259 konstitusiya olsa da, \u00c7KP t\u0259rsin\u0259 olaraq, \u00f6z\u00fc konstitusiyaya n\u0259zar\u0259t edir. \u018fg\u0259r haz\u0131rk\u0131 \u00c7in h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u00c7ind\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn xarici investisiyalar\u0131 millil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k ist\u0259s\u0259, yaxud x\u00fcsusi f\u0259rdl\u0259rin holdinql\u0259rini yenid\u0259n millil\u0259\u015fdirib \u00f6lk\u0259ni Maoizm\u0259 qaytarmaq ist\u0259s\u0259, onu bundan \u00e7\u0259kindir\u0259c\u0259k hans\u0131sa bir leqal struktur m\u00f6vcud deyil. \u00c7in h\u00f6kum\u0259ti bunu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015f\u0259xsi maraqlar\u0131ndan \u00f6tr\u00fc etmir, \u00fcmumlikd\u0259 is\u0259 bu, onun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 aparaca\u011f\u0131na dair kifay\u0259t ed\u0259n etibarl\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259\u00e7ilik kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00d6lk\u0259 30 ild\u0259n art\u0131q m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 iki r\u0259q\u0259mli art\u0131m d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 nail olmaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc m\u00fcc\u0259rr\u0259d “qanunun aliliyi” prinsipin\u0259 cavabdeh olma\u011fa ehtiyac duymay\u0131b.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fg\u0259r biz m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na v\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 cavabdeh kimi qanunun aliliyi prinsipini deyil, \u0259dliyy\u0259 h\u00fcququ \u0259sas\u0131nda sosial konsensusu \u0259ks etdir\u0259n m\u00f6vcud qanun toplusunun suverenliyini q\u0259bul ed\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259ti g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcks\u0259, o zaman biz cavab tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu sual\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259rik: Qanunun aliliyi prinsipi tarix\u0259n haradan g\u0259lir v\u0259 onun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 harada peyda olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259k olar?\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n
\n Din v\u0259 qanunun aliliyi
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fg\u0259r bir kims\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u00fcmumi \u0259xlaqi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z qalan sosial qanunlar m\u0259nb\u0259yi axtar\u0131rsa, bax\u0131las\u0131 \u0259n uy\u011fun yer dindir – ancaq bu m\u0259nb\u0259 indiki modern pl\u00fcralist c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi deyil, modernd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki q\u0259dim \u0130srail, orta \u0259srl\u0259r Avropas\u0131, yaxud ilkin \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndak\u0131 kimi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buralarda inancl\u0131lar dini qaydalar\u0131n insan xilq\u0259tinin deyil, ilahi bir q\u00fcvv\u0259nin m\u0259hsulu olmaqla, siyasi xadiml\u0259r daxil olmaqla b\u00fct\u00fcn insan m\u0259xluqlar\u0131n\u0131n onlara \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259li oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 ali h\u00f6kmran olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 he\u00e7 zaman iddia etm\u0259zdil\u0259r; ali olan Yaradan idi, idar\u0259\u00e7i is\u0259 Yaradan\u0131n Yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259ki cani\u015fini, yaxud da onun v\u0259kili kimi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc deyil ki, qanunun aliliyi ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 transsendental (spiritual, yaxud qeyri-fiziki reall\u0131\u011fa m\u0259nsub-t\u0259rc) dinin yay\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk qanunlar din il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olub. “\u0130vrit \u0130ncili”, “Talmud”, Roma On \u0130ki C\u0259dv\u0259li, Kils\u0259nin ilkin dekret v\u0259 qanunlar\u0131, S\u00fcnn\u0259 v\u0259 H\u0259dis, Vedalar v\u0259 \u015fastralar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 m\u0259nsub olduqlar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli qanunlar kimi q\u0259bul edilir, h\u0259r bir c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 – \u0130srail, Roma, Xristian, M\u00fcs\u0259lman v\u0259 Hindu – idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r dini qaydalara \u0259sas\u0259n ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131 borc bilirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Din t\u0259may\u00fcll\u00fc qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yegan\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck sivilizasiya \u00c7in v\u0259 \u00c7in m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin t\u0259sirind\u0259 olan \u015e\u0259rqi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ridir. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bini \u00c7ind\u0259 \u0259silzad\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259r\u0259n q\u0259bul etdiyi \u0259cdadlara sitayi\u015fin \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, daha y\u00fcks\u0259kd\u0259 dayanan transendental dinin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapmamas\u0131nda axtarmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u018fcdadlara sitayi\u015f qanunun aliliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259 ola bilm\u0259z, \u00e7\u00fcnki he\u00e7 kimin bir ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259cdadlar\u0131na sitayi\u015f etm\u0259k kimi bir \u00f6hd\u0259\u00e7iliyi yoxdur; b\u00f6y\u00fck c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bir-biril\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li \u00f6hd\u0259\u00e7ilikl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fczd\u00fcr. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 Xin, Han, Tanq v\u0259 Minq s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00c7ind\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc qanun m\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapsa da, bunlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 pozitiv h\u00fcquqa aid idi – y\u0259ni, \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n ali he\u00e7 bir avtoriteti q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259n imperatorun f\u0259rmanlar\u0131 idi. \u00c7ind\u0259 Taoizm, Buddizm v\u0259 Xristianl\u0131q kimi t\u0259qdim edil\u0259n dig\u0259r dinl\u0259r is\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck sosial konsensusu \u0259ks etdirm\u0259d\u0259n, \u0259ks\u0259r\u0259n etiraz dinl\u0259ri kimi yadda qal\u0131rd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u015e\u0259rqi Asiya xaricind\u0259ki \u0259ks\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri q\u0259bul edirdil\u0259r ki, onlar \u00f6zl\u0259rinin yaratmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 qanunlar \u0259sas\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131rlar. Lakin bunun onlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda hara q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259hdudla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si, t\u0259kc\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259ri q\u0259bullanmadan deyil, formulasiyan\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n institutlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 qanunun h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259 as\u0131l\u0131 idi. Qanun spesifik \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r alt\u0131nda idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 pozulmamas\u0131 g\u0259r\u0259k\u0259n m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259li idi. Hans\u0131 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r ola bil\u0259rdi:\n<\/p>\n

\n 1) \u0259g\u0259r qanun m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r s\u0259n\u0259d kimi kodla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lsayd\u0131;\n<\/p>\n

\n 2) \u0259g\u0259r qanunun m\u0259\u011fzi siyasi zatlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n deyil, qanun m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edils\u0259ydi;\n<\/p>\n

\n 3) \u0259g\u0259r qanun siyasi iyerarxiyadan k\u0259nar olmaqla, t\u0259yinatlar \u00f6z g\u00fcc\u00fc v\u0259 resurslar\u0131 olan institutsional nizam t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fchafiz\u0259 edils\u0259ydi;\n<\/p>\n

\n 4) \u0259g\u0259r qanun – siyasi sistemi \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n hakim elitalar daxil olmaqla – aid oldu\u011fu c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial normalar\u0131na v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n xitab ets\u0259ydi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dig\u0259r qanun-\u0259sasl\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, Q\u0259rbi Avropa o m\u0259nada istisna idi ki, burada qanun ba\u015fqa yerl\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fundan daha erk\u0259n v\u0259 daha geni\u015f miqyasda institutla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u00c7ox g\u00fcman bu, Avropa t\u0259r\u0259qqisind\u0259 tarixi t\u0259sad\u00fcfi \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rd\u0259ns\u0259, \u0259sas dini ideyalar\u0131n daha az funksional olmas\u0131ndan qaynaqlan\u0131rd\u0131, bel\u0259 ki, \u015e\u0259rqi Ortodoks Kils\u0259si m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 zaman bel\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl prosesind\u0259n ke\u00e7m\u0259mi\u015fdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, qanunun aliliyi prinsipi Avropa c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 n\u0259inki demokratiyan\u0131n v\u0259 hesabatl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131ndan, h\u0259tta modern d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu prosesind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l oturu\u015fmu\u015fdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n Kodla\u015fd\u0131rma.
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i>
\n \u00a0Vedalar\u0131n \u015fifahi olaraq dild\u0259n-dil\u0259 ke\u00e7diyi, lap sonradan is\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 formada yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hindistandan f\u0259rqli olaraq, \u0130udaizm, Xristianl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0130slam kimi monoteist dinl\u0259rin h\u0259r biri lap ilkin vaxtda m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r \u0259lyazmalarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. H\u0259m \u015e\u0259rqi, h\u0259m Q\u0259rbi xristian kils\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 “\u0130ncil”\u0259 Kils\u0259 qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n, dekretl\u0259rinin v\u0259 t\u0259fsirl\u0259rinin \u00e7a\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 qarmaqar\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259lav\u0259 olunmu\u015fdu. Bu tendensiya \u0130mperator Yustinian\u0131n h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda alt\u0131nc\u0131 \u0259srd\u0259 tamamlanan n\u0259h\u0259ng Roma h\u00fcququ, “Corpus iuris civilis”un t\u0259z\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff olunmas\u0131yla d\u0259yi\u015fdi. Kanonik h\u00fcququn qarmaqar\u0131\u015f\u0131q toplusu on ikinci \u0259srd\u0259 h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas Qratian\u0131n s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 sisteml\u0259\u015fdirildi. Qanunun buna ox\u015far rasionalizasiyas\u0131 is\u0259 on doqquzuncu \u0259srd\u0259 Q\u0259rbin t\u0259siril\u0259 g\u0259tirilm\u0259zd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, he\u00e7 bir zaman \u015e\u0259rq kils\u0259si daxil olmaqla, Hindu v\u0259 M\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapa bilm\u0259mi\u015fdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n H\u00fcquqi ixtisasla\u015fma.
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i>
\n \u00a0Roma h\u00fcququna \u0259saslanan yeni sistem Bolonya Universitetind\u0259ki b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00fcquq m\u0259kt\u0259bi vasit\u0259siyl\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropa boyunca yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. On birinci \u0259srd\u0259ki Qriqorian islahat\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l krallar, imperatorlar v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti hakiml\u0259r dini qanunlar yarad\u0131rd\u0131larsa, islahatdan sonra h\u00fcquq ilk olaraq kils\u0259nin sah\u0259si, lap sonra is\u0259 kanonik v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcququ \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259lim ke\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259rin qanuni pe\u015f\u0259si oldu. Bu m\u0259nada Xristianl\u0131q mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 \u0130slamdan f\u0259rql\u0259nmir, \u0130slam da h\u00fcququ qanun m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri iyerarxiyas\u0131n\u0131n (\u00fcl\u0259ma) s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131na verir, yaxud Hinduizmd\u0259 rahib Brahman kastas\u0131n\u0131n qanun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis kimi monopoliyas\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n \u0130nstitutsional avtonomiya
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i>
\n . “Sezaropapizm” d\u00fcny\u0259vi hakimiyy\u0259tin din xadiml\u0259rini t\u0259yin v\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n azad etm\u0259sini ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Maks Veberin ortal\u0131\u011fa atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir termindir. H\u0259m Q\u0259rb, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq Kils\u0259si ta on birinci \u0259srd\u0259 polad bil\u0259kli Papa VII Qreqorinin M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Roma \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n papalar\u0131 v\u0259 yepiskoplar\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b T\u0259yinat M\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259sin\u0259 (Investiture Conflict) s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu anad\u0259k sezaropapist idil\u0259r. Papa v\u0259 imperator aras\u0131nda uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t davam ed\u0259n m\u00fccadil\u0259 1122-ci ild\u0259 Soxulcanlar\u0131n Sazi\u015fil\u0259 (Concordat of Worms), y\u0259ni Katolik Kils\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6z kadrlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259k h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. Bu h\u00fcquq m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s nikahs\u0131zl\u0131q praktikas\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 (bu qayda ke\u015fi\u015fl\u0259ri \u00f6z do\u011fmalar\u0131n\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259tin g\u00fcc pill\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259yin etm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 effektiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 al\u0131rd\u0131) kils\u0259y\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcny\u0259vi siyas\u0259td\u0259n azad etm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 h\u00fcquq alimi Harold Berman\u0131n dediyi kimi, ilk modern b\u00fcrokratiyan\u0131 yaratma\u011fa imkan verdi, sonradan d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcrokratiyalar\u0131 bu b\u00fcrokratiyan\u0131 model kimi se\u00e7\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. Ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u0259l \u0259n\u0259n\u0259d\u0259 dini t\u0259sisat he\u00e7 bir zaman \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259c\u0259n institutla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa nail olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n Qanunlarla sosial normalar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 uy\u011funluq
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i>
\n . Qanunun normativ \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc – y\u0259ni, insanlar\u0131n qanunun fundamental olaraq \u0259dal\u0259tli olmas\u0131na v\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin ona yet\u0259rinc\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259k ist\u0259yin\u0259 inanmas\u0131 – qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Qanun\u00e7ulu\u011fun \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz formas\u0131 q\u0259ddarca c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lmalardan deyil, \u0259ks\u0259r v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n onlara k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Avropan\u0131n bu m\u0259nada Hindistan v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rq \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131n deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu sivilizasiyalar\u0131n h\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u0259 din\u0259 \u0259saslanan qanunlar \u0259ks\u0259r sosial normalar\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u0259ks etdirmi\u015fdir. M\u00fcasir Q\u0259rb qanun sisteml\u0259rini onlar\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r m\u00f6vcud olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 idxal ed\u0259rk\u0259n, ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck probleml\u0259rd\u0259n biri idxal olunan qanunlar\u0131n faktiki olaraq, h\u0259min c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259ki sosial normalarla \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259m\u0259sidir. B\u0259z\u0259n h\u00fcquqi qaydalar\u0131n idxal\u0131 sosial d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r prosesini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259r, nec\u0259 ki, qad\u0131nlara b\u0259rab\u0259r h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan qanunlar ki\u015fil\u0259rin dominant oldu\u011fu c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilir. Lakin qanunla m\u00f6vcud d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 bo\u015fluq \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck olanda, qanunun aliliyi prinsipi burada \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 yer tapa bilmir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n Faktiki olaraq, burada Katolik Kils\u0259sinin ruhani qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu bir n\u00f6v mill\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 qanun\u00e7uluq m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti vard\u0131, bu, \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259ki, Fransadak\u0131, \u0130spaniyadak\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r Q\u0259rb \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki ilkin-m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurucular\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tsiz hakimiyy\u0259tin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00fczd\u00fcr, az sayda m\u00fctl\u0259q monarxlar \u00f6zl\u0259rinin \u0259silzad\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pozmaq ist\u0259yind\u0259 idil\u0259r, ancaq bu, \u00c7ind\u0259ki, yaxud Rusiyadak\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurucular\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcqayis\u0259olunmaz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259ki \u00f6zba\u015f\u0131nal\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259bidliyin\u0259c\u0259n ged\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 vahid \u00fcmumi h\u00fcququn (common\u00a0law) ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 – o, \u0259slind\u0259 kral saray\u0131ndak\u0131 h\u00fcququn geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si idi v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi saray hakimiyy\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi – \u00f6lk\u0259 tarixinin erk\u0259n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qanunil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259 verdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qanunun aliliyinin v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u00f6zba\u015f\u0131nal\u0131qlar\u0131ndan qorumas\u0131 prinsipinin ilkin olaraq azl\u0131qda olan imtiyazl\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 aid edilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 Avropa bir m\u0259nada dig\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n he\u00e7 d\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nmirdi. Aleksis de Tokvilin “Amerikada Demokratiya” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 sitat g\u0259tirdiyi 17-ci \u0259sr Fransas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck saray n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri Madam de Sevinyenin m\u0259ktubunu yada salaq. M\u0259ktubunda o, Britaniya \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rinin yeni vergini t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc ah\u0131l ki\u015fil\u0259ri v\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131 evl\u0259rind\u0259n zorla qovub m\u00fcsadir\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259mlaklar\u0131n\u0131 axtarmalar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs edir. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 vergini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 60 adam as\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O yaz\u0131r: “R\u0259qs etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b m\u00f6h\u00fcrl\u00fc ka\u011f\u0131z\u0131 o\u011furlayan skripa\u00e7 bir \u00e7arxa ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f; b\u0259d\u0259ni hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 d\u00f6rd hiss\u0259si \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin d\u00f6rd buca\u011f\u0131nda n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirilmi\u015fdi”.\n<\/p>\n

\n Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, frans\u0131z d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Madam de Sevinyey\u0259 v\u0259 onun \u00e7evr\u0259sin\u0259 bel\u0259 \u0259zazil c\u0259zalar t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259zdi. Bununla bel\u0259, bu, o dem\u0259k deyil 17-ci \u0259sr Fransas\u0131nda qanunun aliliyi prinsipi yox idi, qanun s\u0131ravi adamlara he\u00e7 d\u0259 aritokratlarla eyni h\u00fcquqlu \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r kimi yana\u015fm\u0131rd\u0131. Ox\u015far \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 AB\u015e-\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131n qoyuldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 qaralar k\u00f6l\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f v\u0259 onlara v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f kimi deyil, kimins\u0259 \u0259\u015fyas\u0131 kimi yana\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, h\u0259tta a\u011flar\u0131n da ham\u0131s\u0131 b\u0259bar\u0259r h\u00fcquqlu say\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131 – m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti olmayan qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 a\u011f adamlar s\u0259sverm\u0259 h\u00fcququndan m\u0259hrum idil\u0259r. Qanunun aliliyinin yaln\u0131z k\u00fcbarlara aid edildiyi demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesi sonradan m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn yetkin adamlar\u0131 ehtiva ed\u0259n\u0259c\u0259n geni\u015fl\u0259ndi. Bu tendensiya bug\u00fcn\u0259c\u0259n davam edir, aparteid rejim alt\u0131ndak\u0131 C\u0259nubi Afrikada elitar qanunun aliliyi prinsipi, \u00f6lk\u0259 yaln\u0131z 1992-ci ild\u0259 demokratiyaya ke\u00e7id etdikd\u0259n sonra, qeyri-a\u011flara da \u015famil edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. M\u00f6vcud olan elitar qanunun aliliyi prinsipini geni\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259k t\u0259z\u0259 birisini yaratmaqdan daha asand\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qanunun aliliyi prinsipi xristian Avropas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kimi Hindistanda v\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131qca m\u00f6vcud olub. Qanun is\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n deyil, ruhanil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n kodla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b: o, m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t ayr\u0131ca ruhani instututu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fchafiz\u0259 edilirdi v\u0259 ona d\u00fcny\u0259vi liderl\u0259rin d\u0259 irad\u0259sini \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 tabe ed\u0259n ilahi bir \u015fey kimi bax\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin h\u0259m hindu, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri xristian \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n onunla f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi ki, dini qanunlar toplusu he\u00e7 bir zaman sisteml\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259mi\u015f, yaxud kodla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, h\u0259m\u00e7inin h\u0259m Brahman sinfi, h\u0259m d\u0259 M\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00fcl\u0259mas\u0131 he\u00e7 bir zaman \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259k, g\u00fccl\u00fc bir iyararxiyada t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259 bilm\u0259mi\u015fdi. Hinduizmd\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130slamda m\u00f6vcud olan qanun toplular\u0131 dini n\u00f6qteyi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n – panditaslar v\u0259 h\u0259disl\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 – izah olunur v\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan presedentl\u0259r yeni hallara \u015famil edilirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Q\u0259rbd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox insan kils\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Xristian c\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 xas bir \u015fey olsa da, \u0130slama xas olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u0259mindir. H\u0259qiq\u0259t is\u0259 budur ki, h\u0259r iki dinin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259rqli olmaqdan daha \u00e7ox, bir-birin\u0259 ox\u015fard\u0131rlar v\u0259 dinl\u0259 sekulyar hakimiyy\u0259tin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 h\u0259qiqi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 tarixi \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Dini v\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi “\u0130ki q\u0131l\u0131nc” bir \u00e7ox xristian \u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259lind\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259nirdi, m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda institutlar t\u0259r\u0259qqi etdikc\u0259 is\u0259 x\u0259lif\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 sultanlar\u0131n dominionlu\u011fu daha da s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olurdu. Aliml\u0259r, yaxud \u00fcl\u0259malar\u0131n – \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t, yaxud fiqh m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rinin – standartlar\u0131 v\u0259 qayda-qanunlar\u0131 vard\u0131, Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259ki d\u00fcny\u0259vi idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r is\u0259 legitimlik v\u0259 dini f\u0259rman \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlara m\u00fcraci\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olurdular. \u018fg\u0259r Avropa kils\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi \u00fcl\u0259ma siyasi hakimiyy\u0259tin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259fti\u015f ed\u0259rk\u0259n z\u0259iflik g\u00f6st\u0259rirdis\u0259, bu, bir \u00e7ox m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan sezaropapist institutsional mexanizml\u0259rd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox, doktrinan\u0131n funksionall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ifliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n M\u00fcasirliy\u0259 ke\u00e7id
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00dc\u00e7 b\u00f6y\u00fck regionda – Avropada, Hindistanda v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 – din t\u0259may\u00fcll\u00fc qanunun aliliyi prinsipi 18-ci \u0259srd\u0259n b\u0259ri ba\u015f ver\u0259n modern\u0259 ke\u00e7id zaman\u0131 sars\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. Avropada bu, daxili, t\u0259bii bir prosesin n\u0259tic\u0259si idi, bel\u0259 ki, Reformasiya Katolik Kils\u0259sinin m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259tini sars\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 maarif\u00e7ilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n sekulyar ideyalar\u0131 din inanc\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Kral\u0131n, mill\u0259tin, yaxud xalq\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259saslanan suverenlikl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 yeni ideyalar legitimliyin \u0259sas\u0131 say\u0131lan Tanr\u0131n\u0131n suverenliyi ideyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bir \u00e7ox m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, Q\u0259rbd\u0259 qanunun aliliyi prinsipi modern demokratiyan\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259r \u00f6nc\u0259 qabaqlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, xalq suverenliyi prinsipinin h\u0259l\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 on s\u0259kkizinci \u0259sr Prussiyas\u0131nda Rextstaata malik olmaqla icraedici hakimiyy\u0259ti t\u0259fti\u015f etm\u0259k, bunu ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259yi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn etmi\u015fdi. Ancaq on doqquzuncu \u0259srin sonundan etibar\u0259n demokratiya ideyas\u0131 h\u0259r yerd\u0259 legitimlik qazand\u0131 v\u0259 qanun getdikc\u0259 demokratik c\u0259miyy\u0259tin pozitiv qanunauy\u011funlu\u011fu kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. Qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin do\u011furdu\u011fu v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259r art\u0131q Q\u0259rb c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259llic\u0259 k\u00f6k atd\u0131. M\u0259d\u0259ni olma\u011f\u0131n qayda-qanunla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ideyas\u0131, b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 avtonom h\u00fcquqi t\u0259sisatlar\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi ed\u0259n kapitalist iqtisadiyyata ehtiyac duyulmas\u0131 kimi fikirl\u0259r hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fs\u0259 bel\u0259, qanunun aliliyini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 xidm\u0259t etdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Lakin eyni tendensiya t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, Hindistan\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqin qanunla idar\u0259 edil\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapmad\u0131. Q\u0259rbl\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t buralarda \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi dini-h\u00fcquqi institutlar\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259tini sars\u0131tma\u011fa meyill\u0259ndi, \u00e7oxu bunlar\u0131 gerid\u0259qalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131q \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Britaniyal\u0131lar h\u0259qiqi hindu qanunlar\u0131 olduqlar\u0131na inand\u0131qlar\u0131 sistemi yenid\u0259n dir\u00e7\u0259ltm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1860-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259
\n
\n panditas
\n <\/i>
\n \u00a0sistemini tamamil\u0259 m\u0259hv etdil\u0259r, o, da 20-ci \u0259srd\u0259 ist\u0259r-ist\u0259m\u0259z \u00f6z yerini idxal edilmi\u015f Avropa h\u00fcququna verdi. On doqquzuncu \u0259srin sonunda Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 osmanl\u0131lar ox\u015far \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259ti kodla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa c\u0259hd etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc \u00f6zl\u0259rinin \u00fcl\u0259ma sisteminin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0259sdil\u0259r, \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t is\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq h\u00fcquqi sisteml\u0259rd\u0259n birin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. 1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin do\u011fulmas\u0131 il\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckd\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman h\u00fcququ \u00f6z yerini Avropa v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcququna vermi\u015f oldu.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1947-ci ild\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulan m\u00fcst\u0259qil Hindistan Respublikas\u0131 Britaniya Rac\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini ir\u0259li aparan liberal demokratiya idi v\u0259 o, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 hindu h\u00fcququnun q\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sini b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fr\u0259b d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda is\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259r bir o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259ka\u00e7an olmad\u0131. Misir, Liviya, Suriya v\u0259 \u0130raq kimi \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 britan v\u0259 frans\u0131z m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin t\u0259yin etdiyi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259r tezlikl\u0259 sekulyar mill\u0259t\u00e7i liderl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259v\u0259z olundular, bu liderl\u0259r is\u0259 qanunvericilikl\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259yl\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fmayan icraedicil\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu rejiml\u0259rin h\u0259r birind\u0259 \u00fcl\u0259man\u0131n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi rolu faktiki olaraq aradan qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 icraedici t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ortaya at\u0131lan “modernl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f qanunlar”la \u0259v\u0259z olundular. Yegan\u0259 istisna m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 olmayan v\u0259 icraedici hakimiyy\u0259ti Vahhabi ruhani t\u0259sisat\u0131 il\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rmaqla rejimi saxlayan S\u0259udiyy\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131 idi. \u0130craedicinin dominant oldu\u011fu rejiml\u0259rin bir \u00e7oxu is\u0259 \u00f6z xalqlar\u0131na n\u0259 iqtisadi art\u0131m, n\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi azadl\u0131qlar verm\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 repressiv diktaturalara \u00e7evrildil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u00fcquq alimi Noah Feldman iddia edir ki, erk\u0259n iyirmi birinci \u0259srd\u0259 \u0130slamizmin y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015fi v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u015f\u0259ri\u0259tin qaytar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inadkar t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r regiondak\u0131 indiki rejiml\u0259rin az\u011f\u0131n avtoritarizmind\u0259n v\u0259 icraedici hakimiyy\u0259tin guya qanuna olan h\u0259qiqi h\u00f6rm\u0259tind\u0259n dolay\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtlara olan nostalgiyadan qaynaqlan\u0131r. Feldman\u0131n z\u0259nninc\u0259, \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq orta \u0259sr \u0130slam\u0131n\u0131 geri qaytarmaq, yaxud Taliban sayaq s\u0259rt c\u0259zalar\u0131 t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259k arzusu kimi deyil, daha \u00e7ox siyasi hakimiyy\u0259tin proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259n h\u00fcquqi qaydalar \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259yi daha balansl\u0131 bir rejimi arzulmaq kimi q\u0259bul etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ox islam\u00e7\u0131 partiyalar\u0131n adlar\u0131nda t\u0259krar-t\u0259krar \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapan “\u0259dal\u0259t” t\u0259l\u0259bi, sosial b\u0259rab\u0259rlik t\u0259l\u0259bi olmaqdan daha \u00e7ox qanunlar qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rlik ist\u0259yini \u0259ks etdirir. \u0130\u015f oras\u0131ndad\u0131r ki, qanunun aliliyi, yaxud hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q prinsipin\u0259 sadiq olmayan g\u00fccl\u00fc modern d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r h\u0259qiqi tiranl\u0131q n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259y\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq m\u0259hkumdurlar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Modern islam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n qanunun aliliyi prinsipi il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131\u015f demokratik qurulu\u015fa nail olub-olmayacaqlar\u0131 inc\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. 1979-cu il inqilab\u0131ndan sonrak\u0131 \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si d\u0259 \u00fcmidverici deyil. \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n 1979-cu il konstitusiyas\u0131 m\u00f6t\u0259dil, demokratik, qanunlara \u0259saslanan d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 ola bil\u0259rdi. O, Ali Dini Liderin v\u0259 Allah\u0131n Yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259ki n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri say\u0131lan ya\u015fl\u0131 ruhanil\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t M\u00fchafiz\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rarlar\u0131yla m\u0259hdudla\u015fan icraedici v\u0259 prezident se\u00e7kil\u0259rin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verir. \u00d6zl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 bu c\u00fcr qurulu\u015f m\u00fctl\u0259q “orta \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 xas”, yaxud modernd\u0259n k\u0259nar say\u0131la bilm\u0259z. Lakin \u0259g\u0259r Ali Dini Liderin v\u0259 M\u00fchafiz\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n rolu sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq Ali M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si olan energetik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u00fcl\u0259ma kimi \u2013 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, demokratik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f qeyri-\u0130slami M\u0259clisd\u0259n (parlament) ke\u00e7mi\u015f qanunlar\u0131 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq elan etm\u0259kl\u0259 – m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunsayd\u0131, o zaman onlar \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u0130slami qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin yenil\u0259nmi\u015f formas\u0131na daha a\u011flabatan \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 iddia ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, 1979-cu il konstitusiyas\u0131 Ali Dini Lider\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakiml\u0259rini deyil, yet\u0259ri q\u0259d\u0259r icraedici t\u0259yinat\u0131 da ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Otto von Bismark Almaniyas\u0131n\u0131n imperiya konstitusiyas\u0131, yaxud onun \u0259sas\u0131nda yarad\u0131lan Meyji Yaponiyas\u0131n\u0131n konstitusiyas\u0131 nec\u0259ydis\u0259, \u0130ran konstitusiyas\u0131 da icraedici hakimiyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f sah\u0259ni bu d\u0259f\u0259 imperatorun deyil, Ali Dini liderin \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 buraxm\u0131\u015f olur. Ali Dini Lider \u0130nqilab Ke\u015fik\u00e7il\u0259ri Korpusunu v\u0259 yar\u0131mh\u0259rbi B\u0259sici n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 saxlay\u0131r, h\u0259m\u00e7inin o, idar\u0259y\u0259 se\u00e7ilm\u0259k u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan namiz\u0259dl\u0259ri k\u0259narla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259al \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259yinin ist\u0259diyi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn se\u00e7kil\u0259ri manipulyasiya etm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yaponiyada v\u0259 Almaniyada oldu\u011fu kimi \u0130randa da icraedici g\u00fccl\u0259r korrupsiyaya bula\u015f\u0131blar v\u0259 onlar konstitusiyada yaz\u0131lan\u0131n \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259yil\u0259 savadl\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki n\u0259zar\u0259ti art\u0131rma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131blar. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u0130ran\u0131n ruhani iyerarxiyas\u0131 S\u00fcnni d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndak\u0131ndan daha yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil olunsa da, h\u00fcquqi funksionall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itirib v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 faktiki olaraq, opponentl\u0259rin qanuna m\u0259h\u0259l qoyulmadan h\u0259bs\u0259 at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc teokratik bir diktaturaya \u00e7evirib.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n B\u0259zi ipuclar\u0131
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n Qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin k\u00f6kl\u0259rin\u0259 edil\u0259n bu tarixi ekskursiyalar g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin nec\u0259 t\u0259\u015fviq olunaca\u011f\u0131na dair m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ipuclar\u0131 verir. Bunlardan ilki ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tarix\u0259n qanunun aliliyi prinsipi ilk olaraq zad\u0259ganlar aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t daxilind\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259rl\u0259 q\u00fcdr\u0259tlil\u0259rin aras\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri yoluna qoyacaq vasit\u0259 rolunu oynay\u0131b. Bu g\u00fcn beyn\u0259lxalq ictimaiyy\u0259t inan\u0131r ki, ist\u0259nil\u0259n inki\u015faf proqram\u0131 \u0259g\u0259r \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 icra olunacaqsa, universal qaydada h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259dir: bir proqramk\u0131 yaln\u0131z paytaxt \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 imtiyazl\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259yir, u\u011fursuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u00e7ar olma\u011fa m\u0259hkumdur. \u00dcst\u0259lik resurslar da q\u0131td\u0131r. S\u0131rf texniki m\u0259nada, h\u00fcquq sisteml\u0259ri qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259n \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259 \u0259n bahal\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t sisteml\u0259ri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar n\u0259h\u0259ng infrastruktura ehtiyac duyur v\u0259 h\u0259m insan resurslar\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 maddi kapital t\u0259l\u0259b edirl\u0259r. H\u00fcquq sah\u0259sinin tarixi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, daha yax\u015f\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259nmi\u015f proqramlar vacib presedentl\u0259r \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259, n\u0259hay\u0259td\u0259 is\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t onlar\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tini inki\u015faf etdirdikc\u0259, meyv\u0259l\u0259r ver\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Ola bilsin, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259 hibrid idar\u0259\u00e7iliy\u0259 \u0259saslanan az x\u0259rcli alternativl\u0259r d\u0259 var.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130kinci ipucu c\u0259miyy\u0259tin t\u0259m\u0259lind\u0259ki d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 normativ olaraq \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapan qanun\u00e7ulu\u011fa olan ehtiyacla \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki biz indi Q\u0259rbd\u0259 h\u00fcququ tamamil\u0259 pozitiv v\u0259 prosedural m\u0259nalarda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edirik, biz h\u00fcququn ortada olan prosedural infrastrukturunu – m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, h\u00fcquqi m\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259r, komp\u00fcterl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f doketl\u0259r, v\u0259kill\u0259r kollegiyas\u0131, f\u0259al m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 salonlar\u0131 v\u0259 s. – inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259y\u0259 meyilliyik. Biz idxal edilmi\u015f h\u00fcququn c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 insanlar\u0131n izz\u0259tin\u0259 cavab verib-verm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259n o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259ndi\u015f\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 meyilli deyilik. Kommersiya \u015fifr\u0259si kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259, xarici n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r, lakin \u015f\u0259xsi status, ail\u0259 qanunlar\u0131, v\u0259r\u0259s\u0259lik v\u0259 buna b\u0259nz\u0259r m\u0259fhumlar olduqca problematik ola bil\u0259rl\u0259r. \u0130srail v\u0259 Hindistan kimi bir \u00e7ox u\u011furlu demokratik \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi din\u0259 \u0259saslanan qaydalar\u0131 \u0259sas tutmaqla m\u00fcasir liberal h\u00fcquq praktikas\u0131ndan yay\u0131nma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li icmalardan d\u0259st\u0259k almaq ist\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fg\u0259r n\u0259 zamansa \u018fr\u0259b Orta \u015e\u0259rqi, yaxud \u0130ran h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n demokratikl\u0259\u015fs\u0259, biz bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259yl\u0259 yenid\u0259n \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259li olaca\u011f\u0131q. Q\u0259rb liberallar\u0131 (m\u0259nim kimi) iki ayr\u0131ca m\u0259fhumu g\u00f6rm\u0259k arzusundad\u0131r: birincisi odur ki, qanunlar icraedici hakimiyy\u0259ti t\u0259fti\u015f etm\u0259lidir; ikinci is\u0259 odur ki, qanunlar bizim m\u0259d\u0259ni d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rimizl\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259lidir (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, qad\u0131nlar b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 h\u00fcquqi b\u0259rab\u0259rlik statusuyla t\u0259min edilm\u0259lidirl\u0259r). Biz \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, birincini t\u0259\u015fviq etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirik, lakin ikinciy\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r o, qanuna olan h\u00f6rm\u0259ti a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sal\u0131rsa, biz h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259nmi onu t\u0259\u015fviqini davam etdirm\u0259liyik? \u018fg\u0259r qanunun m\u0259\u011fzinin \u00fcr\u0259yimizc\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259lum olarsa, i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k iqtidar\u0131nda olan h\u00fcquq institutlar\u0131n\u0131 add\u0131mbaadd\u0131m qurmaq daha yax\u015f\u0131 olmazm\u0131?\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu suallara m\u00fcc\u0259rr\u0259d \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 cavab verm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki biz h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n he\u00e7 bir zaman demokratik ke\u00e7id ya\u015fayan c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259m\u0259lind\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 hans\u0131 sosial konsensusun durdu\u011funu bilmirik. 2009-cu ild\u0259 \u0130randa prezident se\u00e7kil\u0259rinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan etiraz\u00e7\u0131lar, h\u0259m\u00e7inin onlar\u0131n namiz\u0259di Mir H\u00fcseyn Mus\u0259vi \u0259ks\u0259r\u0259n deyirdil\u0259r ki, \u0259slind\u0259 onlar\u0131n ist\u0259yi \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259lini sars\u0131tmaq yox, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq onun demokratik v\u0259dl\u0259rini ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kdir. \u018fg\u0259r dini-h\u0259rbi rejim \u00e7\u00f6ks\u0259, iranl\u0131lar \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t qanunlar\u0131 ist\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r, yoxsa \u0130ran\u0131n 1906-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f liberal konstitusiyas\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259r modern, sekulyar qanunlar sistemini? \u018fg\u0259r bu, n\u0259 vaxtsa ba\u015f tutacaqsa, etiraz\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131 birm\u0259nal\u0131 olaraq ortaya \u00e7\u0131xacaq. G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin stabilliyi qanunun hans\u0131 n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259tin d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini daha \u00e7ox \u0259ks etdirm\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olacaq. \u018fg\u0259r iranl\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar olduqlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri m\u0259lum olacaqsa, o zaman k\u0259nardak\u0131 demokratiya t\u0259\u015fviqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131rf qanunun aliliyi prinsipini, yoxsa m\u0259hz \u00f6zl\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n qanunlar\u0131 ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im etm\u0259li olacaqlar.\n<\/p>\n

\n G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259dqiqat g\u00fcnd\u0259liyin\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259, biz qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini daha ciddi m\u00fcqayis\u0259vi strukturda \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259yik. \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi qeyri-Q\u0259rb c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 formal v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi qanunlar m\u00f6vcud olub, sonra onlar modern Q\u0259rb qanun normalar\u0131 v\u0259 institutlar il\u0259 toqqu\u015fmal\u0131 olublar. Biz h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n nec\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edildikl\u0259rini, h\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 strukturunun m\u00fcst\u0259qillikd\u0259n sonra qanun sisteml\u0259rini nec\u0259 ir\u0259li apard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fuluq. Q\u0259rb qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259rinin m\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 adaptasiya ed\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r bu m\u0259nada x\u00fcsusil\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck maraq k\u0259sb edirl\u0259r. Yaponiyada m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, adamba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas say\u0131 AB\u015e-dak\u0131ndan azd\u0131r, bununla bel\u0259 burada m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rinin say\u0131 azd\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki yapon h\u00f6kum\u0259ti hans\u0131sa m\u0259qamda m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rini arbitraj sistemin\u0259 daxil etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lib. Bununla bel\u0259, Yaponiyada qanunun aliliyinin AB\u015e-dak\u0131dan z\u0259if oldu\u011funu iddia etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 bilikl\u0259r\u0259 malik olmaqla, qanunun aliliyi prinsipinin t\u0259\u015fviqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 u\u011fur g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259rind\u0259 daha t\u0259vaz\u00f6kar ola bil\u0259rl\u0259r. B\u0259zi iqtisad\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iddial etdikl\u0259rinin \u0259ksin\u0259, g\u00fccl\u00fc qanun sisteml\u0259ri onlara sad\u0259c\u0259 iqtisadi t\u0259l\u0259b var dey\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmazlar. Qanun daha \u00e7ox “ekzogen \u015f\u0259kild\u0259” (bir iqtisad\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n dey\u0259c\u0259yi kimi) t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tap\u0131b, y\u0259ni, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, dini inanc kimi iqtisasi sistem\u0259 olan k\u0259nar faktorlardan dolay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Bundan ba\u015fqa, Q\u0259rbi Avropan\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi o m\u0259nada x\u00fcsusi idi ki, qanunun aliliyi prinsipi burada bir kims\u0259nin modern d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l m\u00f6vcud olub. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 qanunlar g\u00fccl\u00fc d\u00f6vl\u0259tin tiranl\u0131q formas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ala blib. \u0130ndi biz etiraf etm\u0259liyik ki, bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259td\u0259n m\u0259hrum olan v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc d\u00f6vl\u0259tin qanunlardan \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011fu c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 qanunun aliliyini m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox az tarixi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259miz var. K\u0259nardak\u0131lar son iyirmi ild\u0259 demokratiyan\u0131n t\u0259\u015fviqat\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox \u015feyl\u0259r \u00f6yr\u0259nibl\u0259r v\u0259 se\u00e7kil\u0259ri t\u0259\u015fkil, monitorinq etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yet\u0259rinc\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 sahibdirl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 bir \u015feyin qanunun aliliyi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 az da olsa, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olub-olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 zaman g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259k.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n \u201cDemokratiya Jurnal\u0131\u201d 21:1 (2010), 69-80. \u00a9 M\u0259qal\u0259 Johns Hopkins University Press-in icaz\u0259si il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k Meydan.TV sayt\u0131nda yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir m\u0259nada Avropadak\u0131 siyasi t\u0259r\u0259qqinin qeyri-adiliyi onda idi ki, g\u00fccl\u00fc, dominant qanun\u00e7uluq m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti Q\u0259rbi Avropada m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, Orta \u018fsrl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 peyda olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":92461,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-186664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id - MEYDAN.TV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bir m\u0259nada Avropadak\u0131 siyasi t\u0259r\u0259qqinin qeyri-adiliyi onda idi ki, g\u00fccl\u00fc, dominant qanun\u00e7uluq m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti Q\u0259rbi Avropada m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, Orta \u018fsrl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 peyda olmu\u015fdu.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MEYDAN.TV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-09-24T03:54:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/36476.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"940\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"508\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"user-manager\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"user-manager\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/10d11eccf6da3662cf5fdab9806ea91a\"},\"headline\":\"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-09-24T03:54:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":6970,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/36476.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Analitika\"],\"inLanguage\":\"az\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/\",\"name\":\"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id - MEYDAN.TV\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/36476.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-09-24T03:54:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"az\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"az\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/36476.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/36476.jpg\",\"width\":940,\"height\":508,\"caption\":\"Source:\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/article\\\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ana s\u0259hif\u0259\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Analitika\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/section\\\/analitika\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/\",\"name\":\"MEYDAN.TV\",\"description\":\"Meydan TV Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n media m\u0259kan\u0131ndak\u0131 alternativ s\u0259sidir\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"az\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Meydan TV\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"az\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/meydan-logo.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/meydan-logo.svg\",\"width\":195,\"height\":46,\"caption\":\"Meydan TV\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.meydan.tv\\\/az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/10d11eccf6da3662cf5fdab9806ea91a\",\"name\":\"user-manager\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id - MEYDAN.TV","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/","og_locale":"az_AZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id - MEYDAN.TV","og_description":"Bir m\u0259nada Avropadak\u0131 siyasi t\u0259r\u0259qqinin qeyri-adiliyi onda idi ki, g\u00fccl\u00fc, dominant qanun\u00e7uluq m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti Q\u0259rbi Avropada m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, Orta \u018fsrl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 peyda olmu\u015fdu.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/","og_site_name":"MEYDAN.TV","article_published_time":"2017-09-24T03:54:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":940,"height":508,"url":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/36476.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"user-manager","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/"},"author":{"name":"user-manager","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#\/schema\/person\/10d11eccf6da3662cf5fdab9806ea91a"},"headline":"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id","datePublished":"2017-09-24T03:54:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/"},"wordCount":6970,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/36476.jpg","articleSection":["Analitika"],"inLanguage":"az"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/","url":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/","name":"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id - MEYDAN.TV","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/36476.jpg","datePublished":"2017-09-24T03:54:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"az","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"az","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/36476.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/36476.jpg","width":940,"height":508,"caption":"Source:"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/qanunun-aliliyine-kecid\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ana s\u0259hif\u0259","item":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Analitika","item":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/section\/analitika\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Qanunun aliliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/","name":"MEYDAN.TV","description":"Meydan TV Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n media m\u0259kan\u0131ndak\u0131 alternativ s\u0259sidir","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"az"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#organization","name":"Meydan TV","url":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"az","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/meydan-logo.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/meydan-logo.svg","width":195,"height":46,"caption":"Meydan TV"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/#\/schema\/person\/10d11eccf6da3662cf5fdab9806ea91a","name":"user-manager"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=186664"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186664\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=186664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=186664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=186664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}