{"id":186557,"date":"2017-09-18T00:25:51","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T00:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/insanlar-terefinden-yaradilan-eserlerin-siyasi-meqsedleri-ola-bilermi\/"},"modified":"2017-09-18T00:25:51","modified_gmt":"2017-09-18T00:25:51","slug":"insanlar-terefinden-yaradilan-eserlerin-siyasi-meqsedleri-ola-bilermi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/insanlar-terefinden-yaradilan-eserlerin-siyasi-meqsedleri-ola-bilermi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin siyasi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri ola bil\u0259rmi?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"Nahid
\n Nahid C\u0259f\u0259rov
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n
\n Sual\u0131 tamam f\u0259rqli qoya bil\u0259rik: siyas\u0259t texnologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rirmi?
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu yaz\u0131da siz\u0259 Langdon Vinnerin texnologiya v\u0259 siyas\u0259t n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini t\u0259qdim etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ram. Vinner iddia edir ki, insanlar b\u0259z\u0259n yaln\u0131z texnoloji inki\u015faf\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259kl\u0259 bu inki\u015faf\u0131n arxas\u0131nda dayanan sosioloji prosesl\u0259ri v\u0259 siyas\u0259ti n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131r\u0131rlar. M\u00fc\u0259llif “siyas\u0259t” dey\u0259nd\u0259 sosial qruplar aras\u0131nda g\u00fcc\u00fcn v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 bu proses zaman\u0131 m\u00fcvafiq hadis\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015f verm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. Y\u0259ni, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 texnologiyan\u0131n v\u0259 ya texnoloji \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 bu inki\u015fafda maraql\u0131 olan v\u0259 inki\u015faf n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n g\u00fcc v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Texnologiya dey\u0259nd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif yaln\u0131z h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir qur\u011funu v\u0259 ya aparat\u0131 deyil, insan \u0259m\u0259yi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 hasil olunan b\u00fct\u00fcn texnoloji imkanlar\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteml\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. Buraya h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u00fcnd\u00fcr binalardan tutmu\u015f, m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 yol k\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif tikinti infrastrukturunu da \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k olar. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, siyas\u0259t v\u0259 ya c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan sinifl\u0259r aras\u0131nda g\u00fcc nisb\u0259ti bu c\u00fcr texnologiyalara nec\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Vinner iddia edir ki, siyasi prosesl\u0259r v\u0259 varl\u0131-kas\u0131b aras\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olan g\u00fcc nisb\u0259ti texnologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259sir edir. H\u0259r bir texnologiyan\u0131n arxas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n siyasi v\u0259 ictimai prosesl\u0259rin ah\u0259ngi dayan\u0131r. Texnologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda maraql\u0131 olan q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259min texnologiyan\u0131n dizayn\u0131na v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 funksiyalara g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. Langdon Vinner \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259ni s\u00fcbut etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259zi faktlara istinad edir. Onun s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, siyas\u0259tin texnologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na etdiyi t\u0259sirin \u0259n bariz n\u00fcmun\u0259sini AB\u015e-da Uzun Adada (Long \u0130sland) in\u015fa edilmi\u015f k\u00f6rp\u00fcd\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259k olar. Bel\u0259 ki, ilk bax\u0131\u015fdan k\u00f6rp\u00fc insana qeyri-adi bir t\u0259sir ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamasa da, onun tikintisi zaman\u0131 apar\u0131lan hesablamalar b\u0259zi faktlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. 1920-70 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Nyu-Yorkda “master m\u00fch\u0259ndis (builder)” l\u0259q\u0259bli tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Robert Moses t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n in\u015fa edil\u0259n bu k\u00f6rp\u00fcn\u00fcn yer\u0259 olan m\u0259saf\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 azald\u0131l\u0131b. Bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 Robert Karo (Robert Caro) \u00f6z xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd edir. Robert iddia edir ki, memar Robert Moses kas\u0131blara qar\u015f\u0131 q\u0259r\u0259zli m\u00f6vqed\u0259 duran bir insan idi v\u0259 onun bu q\u0259r\u0259zi Mosesin \u0259s\u0259ri olan bu k\u00f6rp\u00fcy\u0259 d\u0259 yans\u0131y\u0131b. M\u0259qs\u0259d ondan ibar\u0259t olub ki, \u0259g\u0259r k\u00f6rp\u00fc al\u00e7aq olsa, onun alt\u0131ndan ictimai n\u0259qliyy\u0259t ke\u00e7\u0259 bilm\u0259z v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259raziy\u0259 kas\u0131blar\u0131n g\u0259li\u015fi \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015f\u0259r. Bu g\u00fcn Nyu-Yorkda Robert Mosesin m\u00fc\u0259llifi oldu\u011fu bir \u00e7ox tikinti abid\u0259si, k\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u0259r v\u0259 dig\u0259r infrastruktura qalmaqdad\u0131r v\u0259 bu tikintil\u0259r m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus paya sahibdir. Napaleon Parisd\u0259 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Paris yollar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u0259mrini verir. Amerikada 1960-70-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin universitetin i\u00e7ind\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edil\u0259n etiraz aksiyalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sirini azaltmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn universitetin binalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259sbo\u011fucu k\u0259rpicd\u0259n tikirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu tendensiya t\u0259kc\u0259 tikintid\u0259 deyil, texnologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda da \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131b. 1880-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Sirus (Cyrus) \u015firk\u0259tind\u0259 metal \u0259rid\u0259n ma\u015f\u0131n istehsal olunur. Bir \u00e7oxu bu k\u0259\u015ffin arxas\u0131nda istehsalda s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dinin oldu\u011funu qeyd ets\u0259 d\u0259, tarix\u00e7i Robert Ozanne yaz\u0131r ki, bu k\u0259\u015ffin arxas\u0131nda \u015firk\u0259tin r\u0259hb\u0259ri MkKormikin (McCormick) \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi t\u0259zyiql\u0259r dayan\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 MkKormik d\u0259mir \u0259rid\u0259nl\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n h\u0259mkarlar ittifaq\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259d\u0259 idi. F\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259rin istehsala vura bil\u0259c\u0259yi z\u0259rb\u0259nin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn metal \u0259rid\u0259n ma\u015f\u0131n istehsal edilir v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259rin istehsal prosesin\u0259 t\u0259siri minimuma enir. B\u0259z\u0259n bu tap\u0131nt\u0131lar x\u00fcsusi siyasi m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259 xidm\u0259t etm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 qruplar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bel\u0259 k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259r bir t\u0259r\u0259fin (varl\u0131lar\u0131n) maraqlar\u0131na xidm\u0259t edir v\u0259 h\u0259min t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259y\u0259 g\u00fcc v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi status verir, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fin (kas\u0131blar\u0131n) maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 tapdalay\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1940-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Kaliforniya Universitetinin bir qrup ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 tarlalarda pomidor toplayan ma\u015f\u0131n k\u0259\u015ff edirl\u0259r. 50,000 dollar qiym\u0259ti olan bu ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259r pomidor \u0259k\u0259n fermer ala bilm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn fermerl\u0259rin say\u0131 k\u0259skin azal\u0131r. Fermerl\u0259r birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k Kaliforniya Universitetini m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 verirl\u0259r. Universitet\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 qald\u0131r\u0131lan iddiada deyilirdi: siz kas\u0131blar\u0131n verdiyi vergini kas\u0131blara z\u0259rb\u0259 vuran layih\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259rf edirsiz. Bel\u0259 tipli layih\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259rhal dayand\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fc\u0259llif iddi edir ki, texnologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 veril\u0259n q\u0259rarlar iki m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Birinci q\u0259rar sad\u0259 “b\u0259li” v\u0259 ya “xeyr” cavab\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n suallard\u0131r. H\u0259r hans\u0131 bir k\u00f6rp\u00fcn\u00fc in\u015fa etm\u0259k ya \u201cb\u0259li\u201d, ya da \u201cxeyr\u201d cavab\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir. \u0130kinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 veril\u0259n suallar \u0259sas\u0259n dizayn v\u0259 layih\u0259nin da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259na il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Vinner\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 texnologiya c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 nizam v\u0259 qayda-qanun yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq edilir. Bu texnologiyalar insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yatlar\u0131nda onlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u0259qs\u0259dli v\u0259 ya m\u0259qs\u0259dsiz, bu texnologiyalar insanlar\u0131n bir-biri il\u0259 olan \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin qurulmas\u0131na, f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259, insanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259n n\u0259hay\u0259t, varl\u0131 v\u0259 kas\u0131b t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda balans\u0131n pozulmas\u0131na g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Vinner daha da d\u0259rin\u0259 ged\u0259r\u0259k texnologiyan\u0131n siyasi prosesl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sirini izah etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Onun s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t atom enerjisind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259rar verirs\u0259, h\u0259min d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259 siyasi q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bulu bu sah\u0259y\u0259 yax\u0131n olan oliqarxlar\u0131n t\u0259sir dair\u0259sin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu, yaln\u0131z n\u00fcv\u0259 enerjisi il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r. Buraya neft v\u0259 qaz enerjisind\u0259n istifad\u0259ni d\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. Bel\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n qeyri-demokratik \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r olur v\u0259 h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f, k\u00fcl\u0259k v\u0259 s. kimi alternativ enerji sisteml\u0259rind\u0259n geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunmur. S\u0259b\u0259b d\u0259 ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, alternativ enerji istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n avtoritar q\u0259rar q\u0259buletm\u0259 prosesin\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si m\u0259hduddur. Demokratik \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 tam \u0259ksin\u0259, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi enerji istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi prosesl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sir imkanlar\u0131 z\u0259if oldu\u011fundan, alternativ enerjiy\u0259 olan maraq g\u00fcnd\u0259n-g\u00fcn\u0259 art\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bunu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u0259m ki, aktiv h\u0259rbi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 siyas\u0259ti y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u0259n AB\u015e-\u0131n q\u0259rar q\u0259buletm\u0259 prosesi bu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n silah istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r AB\u015e-\u0131n m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 siyas\u0259tin\u0259 ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259siretm\u0259 imkanlar\u0131na malikdirl\u0259r. B\u0259z\u0259n texnikan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc bu texnologiya il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan davran\u0131\u015fa ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. N\u00fcv\u0259 silah\u0131 olan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259rbi sistem daha burokratik v\u0259 daha avtoritard\u0131r. Bunun da \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, sistem yanl\u0131\u015f q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bul olunmas\u0131n\u0131 minimuma endirir v\u0259 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131qla ba\u015fqa bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259 z\u0259rb\u0259sinin endirilm\u0259si ehtimal\u0131n\u0131 tam aradan qald\u0131r\u0131r. Lakin demokratik d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar ki, h\u0259rbi sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 olan bu c\u00fcr avtoritar idar\u0259etm\u0259 \u00fcsul-idar\u0259si d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259etm\u0259sinin dig\u0259r sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sin.\n<\/p>\n

\n Vinner fikrini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi yekunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r: \u018fg\u0259r texnologiya \u0259sn\u0259kdirs\u0259 (flexible), onun dizayn edilm\u0259si c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 sinifl\u0259r aras\u0131nda q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r balans\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bilir. Buraya k\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u0259ri, universitetl\u0259ri, zavod v\u0259 fabrikl\u0259ri, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qur\u011fular\u0131 v\u0259 elektron avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131 misal g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. \u018fsn\u0259kliyi onunla izah edilir ki, bu texnologiyan\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xaran \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin h\u0259min avadanl\u0131qlara t\u0259sir imkanlar\u0131 geni\u015fdir. M\u00fch\u0259ndis k\u00f6rp\u00fcn\u00fc in\u015fa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun formas\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f dizayn\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r ist\u0259diyi t\u0259siri g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bilir. Bel\u0259 texnologiyalar bir sinifi \u0259zm\u0259kl\u0259 dig\u0259r sinfi m\u00fckafatland\u0131r\u0131r. Texnologiyalar s\u0259rt oldu\u011fu (\u0259sn\u0259k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131) t\u0259qdird\u0259 (atom silah\u0131) o x\u00fcsusi institutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f hakimiyy\u0259t v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir, bel\u0259 texnologiyalar\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 birba\u015fa t\u0259sir imkanlar\u0131 z\u0259if olur. Bu c\u00fcr texnologiyalarla ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar veril\u0259nd\u0259 onlar\u0131n do\u011fura bil\u0259c\u0259yi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r diqq\u0259tl\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycanda texnologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 avtoritar rejimin b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir dair\u0259sind\u0259dir. Az\u0259rbaycanda Daxili Qo\u015funlar v\u0259 \u00c7evik Polis Alay\u0131 m\u00fcasir tipli h\u0259rbi sursatla t\u0259min edildiyi t\u0259qdird\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259timizin \u0259razi b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc qoruyan, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qalan \u0259sg\u0259r v\u0259 zabitl\u0259rin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olan h\u0259rbi texnika is\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 Belarusiyadan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6hn\u0259 silahlard\u0131r. Qeyd etm\u0259liy\u0259m ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda tikil\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn tikilil\u0259r, apar\u0131lan abadl\u0131q v\u0259 yenid\u0259nqurma i\u015fl\u0259ri, sal\u0131nan istirah\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri s\u0131ravi v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmur. Bu c\u00fcr layih\u0259l\u0259r c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan sinfi ayr\u0131se\u00e7kiliyin daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, varl\u0131 v\u0259 kas\u0131b t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 aras\u0131nda u\u00e7urumun yaranmas\u0131na hesablan\u0131b. Varl\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 n\u00fcfuzlu postlara sahib olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, kas\u0131b \u00f6vladlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259l\u00e7atmaz olan, r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259td\u0259n uzaq ADA Universiteti var, kas\u0131b balalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259tin tu\u011fyan etdiyi Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131 var. H\u0259r ikisi eyni \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fs\u0259 d\u0259, f\u0259rqli sinfin maraqlar\u0131na xidm\u0259t edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Bu yaz\u0131da qeyd edil\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 Langdon Vinnerin “\u0130nsan \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin siyas\u0259ti varm\u0131” (Do artifacts have politics) (1980) \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb.
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n M\u0259nb\u0259: Daedalus, Vol. 109, No. 1, Modern Technology: Problem or Opportunity? (Winter, 1980), pp. 121-136
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Stable URL:
\n
\n http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20024652
\n <\/a>
\n <\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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