{"id":183447,"date":"2017-03-31T22:11:56","date_gmt":"2017-03-31T22:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/avtoritar-dirilme-iranin-ziddiyyetlerle-dolu-rejimi\/"},"modified":"2017-03-31T22:11:56","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T22:11:56","slug":"avtoritar-dirilme-iranin-ziddiyyetlerle-dolu-rejimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/avtoritar-dirilme-iranin-ziddiyyetlerle-dolu-rejimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Avtoritar dirilm\u0259 – \u0130ran\u0131n ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 dolu rejimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n
\n Abbas Milani – AB\u015e-\u0131n n\u00fcfuzlu Stenford universitetind\u0259 \u0130ran elml\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 akedemikdir. 2011-ci ild\u0259 onun “\u015eah” (2011) \u0259s\u0259ri n\u0259\u015fr edilib.
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n

\n 1979-cu il inqilab\u0131 ba\u015f ver\u0259nd\u0259n b\u0259ri \u0130ran Respublikas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcl\u00fcnc, uyu\u015fmaz t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ril\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin yenilikl\u0259ri v\u0259 q\u0259ddarl\u0131qlar\u0131yla diqq\u0259tl\u0259ri c\u0259lb edib. Bu g\u00fcn \u0130ran ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259ngin bir rejim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunur. 35 illik \u0130slam teokratiyas\u0131ndan sonra says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z t\u0259zadlar m\u0259sk\u0259nin\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259n, ac\u0131ql\u0131 v\u0259 qoca avtokratik r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rin h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q etdiyi bu zal\u0131m d\u00f6vl\u0259t dar a\u011fac\u0131ndan as\u0131lanlar\u0131n adamba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n say\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnya lideridir. Buradak\u0131 qad\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni qanunlar is\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u0259rab\u0259r haqq v\u0259 statuslar\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259dd edir. Amma buna baxmayaraq, rejimin bulan\u0131q s\u0259thinin alt\u0131nda g\u0259nc v\u0259 qlobal s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f birliyi d\u0259 var. Buradak\u0131 qad\u0131n h\u0259rakat\u0131 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 heyratamizdir ki, o, \u00f6z t\u0259dbirliliyi v\u0259 t\u0259mkinliliyi il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir. M\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n dolay\u0131, avtoritarizm m\u0259rk\u0259zi n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda saxlasa da, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 siyasi orqanizmi \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259yib.\n<\/p>\n

\n Biz yaln\u0131zca bu ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yin\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259tin\u0259 vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u0259qdird\u0259, hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259ki avtoritar teokratiyan\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tini, h\u0259m\u00e7inin onun status-kvonu saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flarla \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyini d\u0259rk ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. \u0130ran rejiminin n\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 tab g\u0259tirdiyini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc; onun \u00f6z t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rini susdurmaq v\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131 metodlardan istifad\u0259 etdiyini anlamaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc; \u0259n n\u0259hayat, onun uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli m\u00f6vcudluq perspektivl\u0259rini d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc biz bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri f\u0259al \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 tarixi konteksd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259liyik. Rejimin avtoritarizmi onun b\u0259zi Don Kixotvari \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmidl\u0259rinin \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq, daha \u00e7evik v\u0259 tezuyu\u015fand\u0131r, onun himay\u0259 etdiyi m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin g\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ksin\u0259 is\u0259 daha k\u00f6vr\u0259k v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Akademikl\u0259rin g\u0259ldiyi yax\u0131n ortaq q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, 1979-cu il inqilab\u0131 m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi inqilab\u0131 olub – xalq\u0131n dem\u0259k olar 11 faizi inqilabda i\u015ftirak edib. M\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 Fransa inqilab\u0131nda v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n 7 faizi, Rusiya inqilab\u0131nda is\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq 9 faizi i\u015ftirak edib.\n<\/p>\n

\n Siyasi filosof Hanna Arendtin ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, “inqilab” m\u00fcasirliyin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcasirliyin y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015find\u0259n v\u0259 t\u0259bii h\u00fcquqlar konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l is\u0259 “inqilab” k\u0259lm\u0259sinin siyasi \u00e7alar\u0131 yox idi: o, b\u0259sitc\u0259 g\u00f6y cisiml\u0259rinin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin n\u0259tic\u0259si kimi xarakteriz\u0259 edilirdi. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q ideyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259iyy\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra, bu k\u0259lm\u0259 yeni siyasi \u00e7alar qazand\u0131 – hakimiyy\u0259tin v\u0259 imtiyazlar\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tind\u0259 v\u0259 paylanmas\u0131nda q\u0259fil, \u0259ks\u0259r vaxt is\u0259 zorak\u0131 olan struktur d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi ba\u015f verdi. H\u00fcquqlardan m\u0259hrum passiv \u0259hali olan “r\u0259iyy\u0259t” o k\u0259sl\u0259r idi ki, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n (yaxud Allah\u0131n) yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259ki k\u00f6lg\u0259si olan h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n, yaxud aristokratlar\u0131n himay\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac duyurdular. “V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar” is\u0259 tam \u0259ksin\u0259, o k\u0259sl\u0259r idi ki, hans\u0131 r\u0259hb\u0259rin onlar\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 q\u0259rar verm\u0259k daxil olmaqla t\u0259bii h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 vard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130randa xalq suverenliyi v\u0259 xalq\u0131n yekdil raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hakimiyy\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 19-cu \u0259srin sonundan b\u0259ri siyasi diskursun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olub. H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r istehzayana olsa da, xalq\u0131n z\u0259ruri d\u0259st\u0259yil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7\u0259n 1979-cu il inqilab\u0131na r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n Ayatullah Ruhullah Xamneyi xalq\u0131n suverenliyi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slam \u00fcmm\u0259ti (yaxud m\u0259n\u0259vi birliyi) konsepsiyas\u0131n\u0131 sars\u0131tmaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i fitn\u0259 kimi pisl\u0259yirdi. Xomeyni \u0130slam d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 traktat\u0131nda yaz\u0131r ki, xalq\u0131n irad\u0259si Ali r\u0259hb\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0259 \u0130lahinin irad\u0259sin\u0259 tabedir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu m\u0259nada onun \u0130slam inqilab\u0131 konsepsiyas\u0131 t\u0259zadl\u0131d\u0131r. Onun bunu m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t ed\u0259n \u0130slam d\u00f6vl\u0259ti ideyas\u0131 is\u0259 – Vilay\u0259ti-F\u0259qih, yaxud v\u0259kilin hakimiyy\u0259ti – xalq suverenliyinin m\u00fcasir demokratik ideal\u0131yla uzla\u015fm\u0131r. Tam \u0259ksin\u0259, nec\u0259 ki, yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar, yaxud \u0259qli m\u0259hdudlular hamiy\u0259 ehtiyac duyurlar, Vilay\u0259ti-F\u0259qihd\u0259 d\u0259 xalq el\u0259c\u0259 bir hamiy\u0259 ehtiyac duyur. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 des\u0259k, \u0130randa xalq r\u0259iyy\u0259tdir, n\u0259inki v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f. Ay\u0259tullah M\u0259sbah Y\u0259zdi v\u0259 Ay\u0259tullah \u018fhm\u0259d C\u0259nn\u0259ti q\u0259bilind\u0259n olan m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar ruhanil\u0259rin t\u0259krarlamaqdan yorulmad\u0131qlar\u0131 kimi – mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131 ideyas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc bir t\u0259zadd\u0131r. Onlar deyirl\u0259r ki, \u0130ran \u0259lb\u0259t ki, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq bir respublika deyil, o, Allah\u0131n yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259ki d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir. “\u0130slam d\u00f6vl\u0259ti”nd\u0259 (bu termini onlar terror\u00e7u qruplar \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcnk\u00fcl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259zd\u0259n \u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259l istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r) xalq\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rin boynuna legitimlik qoymaq, yaxud bunu ondan almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir rolu v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259ti yoxdur. H\u0259r \u015fey Allah\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259dir, ali r\u0259hb\u0259r is\u0259 onun yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259ki cani\u015finidir. Bu bax\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan baxsaq, r\u0259hb\u0259rin \u0259mrl\u0259rin\u0259 tabe olmamaq sad\u0259c\u0259 kafirlikd\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey say\u0131lm\u0131r, kafirl\u0259r is\u0259 h\u0259m bu d\u00fcnyada, h\u0259m d\u0259 o d\u00fcnyada c\u0259zalanmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bununla bel\u0259, 1979-cu ild\u0259 Ay\u0259tullah Xomeyni tarix\u0259n inqilab el\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcvay v\u0259 k\u00f6l\u0259 xisl\u0259tli oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan xalq\u0131 \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259y\u0259, t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 yeni ictimai m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalama\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130nqilabdan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay \u0259vv\u0259l Xomeyni xalqa bildirdi ki, yeni ictimai m\u00fcqavil\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259k onlar\u0131n haqq\u0131d\u0131r. O, bir d\u0259f\u0259 yox, d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, bir n\u0259slin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ist\u0259diyi kimi d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015fu yaratmaq h\u00fcququ var. Bu h\u00fcququn s\u00fcbutu da M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza \u015eah\u0131n devrilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 Mehdi B\u0259zarqan\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etm\u0259si oldu, o, 1979-cu ilin fevral\u0131ndan noyabrad\u0259k Ba\u015f nazir kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bazarqan ayd\u0131n demokratik h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u0259sas tutan, m\u00f6t\u0259dil t\u0259may\u00fcll\u00fc bir \u015f\u0259xs idi. Lakin tezlikl\u0259 h\u0259r h\u00f6kum\u0259t idar\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259ki h\u0259r bir t\u0259sisatda Xomeyninin “n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri” t\u0259msil olunma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar, Xomeyni d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rini s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmaqla \u00f6z adamlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini getdikc\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Bel\u0259c\u0259, ikili hakimiyy\u0259t strukturu peydahlan\u0131rd\u0131. Bir n\u0259f\u0259r xalq\u0131n irad\u0259 v\u0259 arzusunu t\u0259msil edir, dig\u0259rini is\u0259 Ali r\u0259hb\u0259r t\u0259yin edirdi. \u00c7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n ruhanil\u0259r v\u0259 aktivistl\u0259r z\u00fcmr\u0259sil\u0259 birg\u0259 Xomeyni “Vilay\u0259ti-F\u0259qih”d\u0259n v\u0259 ruhanil\u0259rin idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilahi v\u0259kal\u0259td\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, “m\u00fcasir” inqilablar\u0131n \u0259n izdihaml\u0131s\u0131 el\u0259 bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131 ki, konstitusiya m\u00fctl\u0259q hakimiyy\u0259ti q\u00fcsursuz, pak \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin (o, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t olaraq qalacaq) \u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259slim etdi, onun t\u0259m\u0259l siyasi f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si is\u0259 xalq\u0131 ali \u0130slam\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259kilin, f\u0259qihin \u0259lind\u0259 r\u0259iyy\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 s\u00f6z\u0259baxan al\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130nqilab zaman\u0131 \u0130randa t\u0259qrib\u0259n 35 milyon insan ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259nin 3 min illik yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarixind\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ba\u015f vers\u0259 d\u0259, 6-7 milyon insan \u00f6lk\u0259ni t\u0259rk ets\u0259 d\u0259, inqilab\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k v\u0259 \u015eah\u0131 devirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir araya g\u0259l\u0259n demokratik q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r tamamil\u0259 itib getm\u0259dil\u0259r, yaxud yoxa \u00e7\u0131xmad\u0131lar. Demokratiyan\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri, qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, ifad\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131, dini azl\u0131qlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 (Bahail\u0259r daxil olmaqla), etnik azl\u0131qlar (\u0130ran k\u00fcrdl\u0259ri v\u0259 Az\u0259ri dillil\u0259r) t\u0259qibl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalsalar da, dir\u0259ndil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259ki avtoritar rejim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259ks\u0259k\u0259li reall\u0131q odur ki, enerjili v\u0259 ita\u0259tsiz c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u0130slam inqilab\u0131yla \u0259n heyratamiz ziddiy\u0259ti \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva edir. V\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin bir \u00e7ox tarixi m\u0259ntiqsizlikl\u0259ri v\u0259 sosial uyu\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131 status-kvonu t\u0259hdid edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n 1979-cu il inqilab\u0131 bir m\u0259nada 1905-1907-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259\u015frut\u0259 inqilab\u0131yla n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n ilk demokratik konstitusiyal\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259krarlamaq c\u0259hdi idi. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 sekulyar intellektuallar\u0131n koalisiyas\u0131, maarif\u00e7i \u015eiy\u0259 ruhanil\u0259ri, bazar tacirl\u0259ri, i\u015f\u00e7i sinfinin qaymaqlar\u0131, h\u0259tta b\u0259zi torpaq m\u00fclk\u0259darlar\u0131 Qacar \u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oriyental despotizmini devirm\u0259k v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ti konstitusiya (m\u0259\u015frut\u0259) il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fan monarxiya qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir araya g\u0259lmi\u015fdil\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259, 1906-c\u0131 il konstitusiyas\u0131 se\u00e7kil\u0259r ke\u00e7ir\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ba\u015f\u0131nda monarx olsa da, hakimiyy\u0259tin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc liberal demokratik Avropa siyasi modelini t\u0259qlid edirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n H\u0259min ill\u0259rd\u0259 yeni konstitusiyal\u0131 paradiqmaya qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan \u0259n vahid v\u0259 q\u00fcdr\u0259tli m\u00fcxalif\u0259t \u015eeyx F\u0259zlullah Nurinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi \u015fi\u0259 fanatizmi idi. Nuri modern demokratik konstitusiyan\u0131 n\u00f6qsanl\u0131 v\u0259 fani insanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck qondarmas\u0131 kimi r\u0259dd edirdi. O, \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 Allah\u0131n m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s v\u0259 \u0259b\u0259di hikm\u0259tinin, \u015f\u0259ri\u0259tin verilm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. Amma konstitusiyal\u0131 monarxiyan\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 el\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fcyd\u00fcl\u0259r ki, Nuri \u0130ran\u0131n m\u00fcasir tarixind\u0259 \u00f6z ruhan\u0131 yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259tvas\u0131yla edam olunan yegan\u0259 ay\u0259tullah kimi qald\u0131. Onillikl\u0259r boyunca Nurinin ad\u0131 \u00f6z hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t\u0259 istinad etm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n avtoritar liderl\u0259r\u0259 sinonim kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rildi.\n<\/p>\n

\n
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\n Avtoritarizmin y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015fi
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\n M\u0259\u015frut\u0259 H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatan eyni q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin koalisiyas\u0131 dem\u0259k olar ki, 70 ild\u0259n sonra yenid\u0259n bir araya g\u0259ldil\u0259r, bu d\u0259f\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n avtoritar idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131. 1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n, \u0259vv\u0259lki h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 ba\u015fladan q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 siyasi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 y\u0131\u011fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Lakin buna baxmayaraq, onlar \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 lider kimi bu d\u0259f\u0259 Ay\u0259tullah Xomeynini se\u00e7dil\u0259r, o \u015f\u0259xsi ki, o, Nurinin \u015f\u0259ri\u0259tinin daha radikal versiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas tuturdu. Nuri d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t\u0259 \u0259saslanmas\u0131nda t\u0259kid edirdis\u0259, Xomeyni \u015fi\u0259 imamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t \u00fcsul-idar\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259yin etdiyi f\u0259qihin m\u00fctl\u0259q hakimiyy\u0259tind\u0259 israr edirdi. Bundan ba\u015fqa, \u0259g\u0259r \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t f\u0259qihin \u0259lind\u0259 s\u00f6z\u0259baxan al\u0259t olacaqd\u0131sa, f\u0259qihin m\u00fctl\u0259q hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259saslanan (velayat-e motlagheh faqih) konsepsiyada is\u0259 Ali r\u0259hb\u0259r “laz\u0131m” bils\u0259, h\u0259tta inanc\u0131n prinsipl\u0259rini, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u015f\u0259ri\u0259tin qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xda\u015f ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, 1970-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130spaniyada v\u0259 Portuqaliyada ba\u015flay\u0131b, 1980-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin sonunda Sovet totalitarizminin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada avtoritarizm yava\u015f-yava\u015f t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl edirdis\u0259, Ay\u0259tullah Xomeyni Tanr\u0131n\u0131n ilahi \u0259mrl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 F\u0259qihin m\u00fctl\u0259q hikm\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259saslanan avtoritar d\u00f6vl\u0259t ucaltmaqla tarixin g\u0259rdi\u015fin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259\u015frut\u0259 inqilab\u0131ndan sonra Nurinin ideyalar\u0131 \u015fi\u0259 ruhanil\u0259rini nec\u0259 par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015fd\u0131sa, Ay\u0259tullah Xomeyninin ideyalar\u0131 (h\u0259m\u00e7inin onun s\u0259l\u0259fi Ay\u0259tullah \u018fli H\u00fcseyni Xamenei) ruhani z\u00fcmr\u0259sini t\u0259kc\u0259 par\u00e7alamad\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 o, xalq\u0131n arzular\u0131yla t\u0259rs-m\u00fct\u0259nasib oldu. Bu g\u00fcn bu par\u00e7alanma hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259ki mollalar\u0131n n\u00fcv\u0259sin\u0259d\u0259k gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Etibarl\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin verdiyi m\u0259lumata g\u00f6r\u0259, Ay\u0259tullah Xomeyni bir d\u0259f\u0259 deyib ki, onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra (1989-da \u00f6l\u00fcb) \u0130slam rejiminin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu Xamanei il\u0259 3 onillik boyunca \u0130ran\u0131n \u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli ikinci \u015f\u0259xsi say\u0131lan \u018fli \u018fkb\u0259r Ha\u015femi R\u0259fs\u0259ncaninin davaml\u0131 ittifaq\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olacaq. Amma dem\u0259k olar 60 il dost v\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiq olan bu iki \u015f\u0259xs son ill\u0259rd\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 yadla\u015f\u0131blar. (R\u0259fs\u0259ncani 2017-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda v\u0259fat edib \u2013 t\u0259rc.)\n<\/p>\n

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\n \u0130ndi t\u0259fti\u015f edilm\u0259y\u0259n hakimiyy\u0259tin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qismi Xameneinin \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fib. Konstitusiyaya \u0259sas\u0259n, Ekspertl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131 (xalq\u0131n se\u00e7diyi teoloqlar\u0131n birliyi) Ali r\u0259hb\u0259rin i\u015fin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259li, o \u00f6l\u0259nd\u0259, yaxud v\u0259zif\u0259sini t\u0259rk ed\u0259nd\u0259 is\u0259, onun yerin\u0259 ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7m\u0259lidir. H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd indi Xameneinin t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 \u015euran\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259t\u00e7i rolunu a\u00e7\u0131qca r\u0259dd edirl\u0259r v\u0259 birba\u015fa deyirl\u0259r ki, \u015furan\u0131n “se\u00e7ilmi\u015f” \u00fczvl\u0259ri d\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s kimi ali r\u0259hb\u0259rin ist\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 tabe olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fqa, qanuna \u0259sas\u0259n, Xamenei \u0130ran\u0131n silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin ba\u015f komandan\u0131d\u0131r; o, fondlardak\u0131, ian\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi hesablardak\u0131 90 milyard dollarl\u0131q maliyy\u0259y\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t edir; h\u0259m\u00e7inin o, \u00fcr\u0259yi ist\u0259s\u0259, hokme-hokumati il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259r k\u0259sin riay\u0259t etm\u0259li oldu\u011fu s\u0259r\u0259ncam imzalaya bil\u0259r. Ki, bu da s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin, konstitusiyan\u0131n ruhunun v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn qanunlar\u0131n \u00e7eyn\u0259nm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00d6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259, ali r\u0259hb\u0259r t\u0259kc\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakiml\u0259rini deyil, h\u0259m\u00e7inin monopolist radio v\u0259 televiziya t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131na da r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri t\u0259yin edir. 2013-c\u00fc il H\u0259s\u0259n Ruhaninin prezident se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259ri, Xamanei v\u0259 onun m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259ri islahat\u00e7\u0131 prezident M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Xat\u0259miy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri lenti bu d\u0259f\u0259 Ruhaniy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 f\u0131rlad\u0131rlar: m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259ri susdurmaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc istifad\u0259 edilir, jurnallar qapad\u0131l\u0131r, h\u0259tta h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 populyar olan Xat\u0259mi bar\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rin v\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri m\u0259tbuata qada\u011fan edilir. Amma buna baxmayaraq, \u0130ran\u0131n molla despotizmin\u0259 daha bir ziddiyy\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n \u0259caib bir vaqe\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259kd\u0259dir. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin Xat\u0259miy\u0259 qoydu\u011fu n\u0259h\u0259ng qada\u011fadan q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra Ruhani v\u0259 R\u0259fs\u0259ncani qada\u011faya m\u0259h\u0259l qoymadan Xat\u0259minin \u015f\u0259klini \u00f6zl\u0259rinin veb-saytlar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sonralar 80 ya\u015fl\u0131 R\u0259fs\u0259ncani (1989-97-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 prezident olub) bir \u00e7ox \u015eiy\u0259 ruhanil\u0259ri v\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc olsa da, Xameneinin ke\u00e7mi\u015f t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 birg\u0259 ali dini lider\u0259, ruhani avtokratiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm\u00fc v\u0259 simvoluna a\u00e7\u0131q meydan oxuma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259tta R\u0259fsancani m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t verirdi ki, Xameneid\u0259n sonra ruhanil\u0259r \u015furas\u0131 ali r\u0259hb\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcnl\u0259r. Bir \u00e7ox akademik v\u0259 aktivistl\u0259r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r ki, \u0259g\u0259r ba\u015f vers\u0259, bu, r\u0259hb\u0259rin avtoritar q\u00fcdr\u0259tinin m\u0259hdudla\u015fmas\u0131nda h\u0259ledici add\u0131m olard\u0131.\n<\/p>\n

\n Amma 75 ya\u015fl\u0131 Xameneinin s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131nda ideoloji formullar v\u0259 siyasi basq\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259h\u0259ng miqyasda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u00fcr vasit\u0259l\u0259r var. B\u00fct\u00fcn c\u00fcm\u0259 imamlar\u0131n\u0131 o t\u0259yin edir, h\u0259ft\u0259lik b\u00fct\u00fcn x\u00fctb\u0259l\u0259rin g\u00fcnd\u0259liyini onun idar\u0259si m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir. \u00d6lk\u0259 medias\u0131 bu x\u00fctb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hs edildiyini \u0259hat\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yay\u0131mlamaqla m\u0259\u015f\u011fuldur. Ali r\u0259hb\u0259rin radio v\u0259 televiziya t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259sind\u0259ki q\u0259ti q\u0259rar\u0131, ona dal\u011falara n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc verir. O, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n populyar q\u0259zeti, indil\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 Xameneinin ruporuna \u00e7evril\u0259n “Keyhan”a \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi t\u0259msil\u00e7isini t\u0259yin edir. V\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t o, faktiki olaraq M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t \u0130nqilab\u0131n\u0131n Ali \u015euras\u0131 adland\u0131r\u0131lan qurumun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fczvl\u0259rini t\u0259yin edir, bu qurumda bir qayda olaraq t\u0259msil olunan m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar fiqurlar \u0130randa ali t\u0259hsilin “\u0130slami” m\u0259tnl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Xameneinin silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r daxil olmaqla, h\u0259r bir t\u0259sisatda \u00f6z n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri var. \u0130slam \u0130nqilab\u0131 M\u00fchafiz\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri Korpusu (\u0130\u0130MK) t\u0259qibl\u0259r v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 bir n\u00f6mr\u0259li al\u0259tdir. \u0130ndi o, iqtisadi g\u00fcc\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. H\u0259rbil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f milis d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri olan, birm\u0259nal\u0131 v\u0259 metaforik m\u0259nada \u0130\u0130MK-nin piyada qo\u015funu say\u0131lan B\u0259sicd\u0259n k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, ip\u0259-sapa yatmayan t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259ri susdurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 “arzuolunmaz” konsertl\u0259ri, konfranslar\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilir. \u00d6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259, \u0130ran avtoritarizminin daha bir ziddiyy\u0259tli c\u0259h\u0259ti odur ki, rejimin m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar ideoloqlar\u0131 legitimliyin Allah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n verildiyini iddia ets\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, rejimin populyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k v\u0259 m\u00fcxalif\u0259ti s\u0131nd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daimi olaraq k\u00fctl\u0259vi y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n (birm\u0259nal\u0131 olaraq B\u0259sicin sponsorlu\u011fu il\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edilir) istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Xamenei h\u0259m\u00e7inin M\u00fchafizl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n 12 \u00fczv\u00fcnd\u0259n az\u0131 6-s\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin edir, bu \u015fura indi \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259ki h\u0259r se\u00e7ki m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259r bir namiz\u0259di \u00f6z\u00fc m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir. Molla diktaturas\u0131 1979-cu ilin demokratiya arzular\u0131na bir jest olaraq m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 prezident v\u0259 parlament se\u00e7kil\u0259ri ke\u00e7irir, bu da ki, ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n son 20 ild\u0259ki t\u0259zadl\u0131 despotizmind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n daha bir x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tdir. Ancaq dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Xamenei v\u0259 onun k\u00fctl\u0259si m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq, \u00f6z qanuni imtiyazlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259, ciddi liderl\u0259rin v\u0259 islahat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n se\u00e7ki m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259ti q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u00e7almas\u0131na mane olurlar. Buna r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n, demokratiya m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edilir. Se\u00e7kil\u0259r n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda olsa bel\u0259, xalq rejim\u0259 mesaj kimi se\u00e7kid\u0259n \u00f6z naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 demokratiya arzusunu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc istifad\u0259 edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130randa son d\u00f6vl\u0259rd\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n se\u00e7kil\u0259rin tarix\u00e7\u0259si avtoritar n\u0259zar\u0259tin d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n dinamikas\u0131 v\u0259 qeyri-m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m d\u0259 olsa, xalq\u0131n q\u0259tiyy\u0259tli demokratiya t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri il\u0259 yadda qal\u0131b. Bunlara misal kimi 1997 v\u0259 2001-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 islahat\u00e7\u0131 Xat\u0259minin birm\u0259nal\u0131 heyratamiz q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri; 2009-cu il se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f ba\u015f nazir Mir-H\u00fcseyn Mus\u0259vinin v\u0259 R\u0259fs\u0259ncaninin artan populyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131; 2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 islahat\u00e7\u0131lara qo\u015fulduqdan sonra Ruhaniy\u0259 olan g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259st\u0259k n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 onun se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 qalib olmas\u0131; dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 S\u0259id C\u0259lilinin (n\u00fcv\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 hey\u0259tinin bar\u0131\u015fmaz lideri) rejim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n himay\u0259 olunmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, c\u0259mi 5 milyondan art\u0131q s\u0259s toplamaqla, xalq aras\u0131nda yet\u0259ri q\u0259d\u0259r populyarl\u0131q qazanmamas\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259 bil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n N\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 Z\u0259ifliyin ziddiy\u0259ti
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n \u0130ran\u0131n molla avtoritarizminin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck ziddiyy\u0259ti onun z\u0259ifliyinin b\u0259sb\u0259lli ortada olmas\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259tta rejimin ideoloji v\u0259 repressiya aparatlar\u0131nda – k\u0259\u015ffiyyat qurumlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcrokratiyas\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f bir vaxtlar rejimin daya\u011f\u0131 olan mollalara q\u0259d\u0259r- m\u0259lumat s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 formas\u0131nda bo\u015fluqlar m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu, prezident Mahmud \u018fhm\u0259dinejat\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259ki (2005-2013) korrupsiya hadis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 mediada, onlayn sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yay\u0131mlanan materiallarda x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131b. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259vv\u0259l b\u0259zi ictimai xadiml\u0259r konfranslardak\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda v\u0259 m\u00fcsahib\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 rejimin n\u00fcv\u0259 siyas\u0259tini t\u0259nqid at\u0259\u015fin\u0259 tutdular v\u0259 bildirdil\u0259r ki, se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ox az s\u0259s toplayan liderl\u0259r (2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 C\u0259lili kimi) t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini qoruyub saxlama\u011fa v\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259vv\u0259lki siyas\u0259tl\u0259rini davam etdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Rejimin bo\u015fluqlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ox a\u015fkara \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qca, xalq da daha ucadan dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b. Misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, “Keyhan” q\u0259zetinin Xomeyninin t\u0259yin etdiyi qalmaqall\u0131 ba\u015f redaktoru v\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan a\u011fz\u0131 H\u00fcseyn \u015e\u0259ri\u0259tm\u0259dari Tehran universitetind\u0259 nitq s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd ed\u0259nd\u0259, q\u0259z\u0259bli \u015f\u00fcarlarla qar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O, b\u00fct\u00fcn vaxt\u0131n\u0131 sars\u0131lmaz q\u0259tiyy\u0259tli t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259rf etm\u0259li oldu. Ba\u015f ver\u0259n bu hadis\u0259 \u0130ran sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 rezonans do\u011furmu\u015f v\u0259 geni\u015f m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130slam rejiminin avtoritarizminin t\u0259zadlar\u0131 informasiya texnologiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 reall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda x\u00fcsusil\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259 bat\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadak\u0131 \u0259n qat\u0131 internet senzuralar\u0131ndan biri \u0130randa t\u0259tbiq edilir. Rejim minl\u0259rl\u0259 kiber-cihad\u00e7\u0131ya maa\u015f verir, onlar\u0131n \u0259sas i\u015fi sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 monitorinq, n\u0259zar\u0259t t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259k v\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kdir. “Facebook” il\u0259 “\u0130nstagram” \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 r\u0259smi olaraq qada\u011fand\u0131r. Rejimd\u0259 t\u0259msil olunanlar\u0131n bir \u00e7oxu is\u0259 ist\u0259yir ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rin tamamil\u0259 qada\u011fan olunsun. Bel\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259karlardan biri bu yax\u0131nlarda sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri \u201c\u0130ncil\u201dd\u0259ki q\u0131z\u0131l k\u00f6rf\u0259zl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edib v\u0259 onu iblisin al\u0259ti olmaqda ittiham edib. Bir s\u0131ra r\u0259smil\u0259r \u0259hali rejimin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li hesab etdiyi saytlara daxil ola bilm\u0259sin dey\u0259, “milli internet”in yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ideyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\"
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\n H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd indi \u0130randa 40 milyona yax\u0131n insan\u0131n internet\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 var, 5 milyon n\u0259f\u0259rin “Facebook” , t\u0259qrib\u0259n bir milyonunun da “\u0130nstagram” hesab\u0131 var. Haz\u0131rda bu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 saytlara n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r n\u0259zar\u0259tin uy\u011fulanmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Ruhani h\u00f6kum\u0259ti-\u00fczvl\u0259rinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif elementl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar mollalar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131q naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar var. Kabinet \u00fczvl\u0259ri daxil olmaqla Ruhaniy\u0259 yax\u0131n olan q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r senzura t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259kl\u0259, yaxud ba\u011flamaqla \u201c\u00fczd\u0259n iraq\u201d saytlar\u0131n potensial murdar t\u0259sirl\u0259ril\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparma\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz oldu\u011funu deyib israr edirl\u0259r, m\u00fchafiz\u0259karlar is\u0259 q\u0259tiyy\u0259tl\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b edirl\u0259r ki, internetd\u0259n istifad\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t qoyulsun. Rejim \u0130nqilab Ke\u015fik\u00e7il\u0259ri Korpusundan v\u0259 k\u0259\u015ffiyyat qruplar\u0131 birlikl\u0259rinin s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m sur\u0259td\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259, sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rini h\u0259bs edir. H\u0259bs edil\u0259nl\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259 “i\u015fbirliyind\u0259”, yaxud \u0259xlaqs\u0131zl\u0131q yaymaqda ittiham edilirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Hegemoniya u\u011frunda inc\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 – m\u0259d\u0259ni x\u0259nd\u0259k m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u0130randa h\u0259yat\u0131n faktiki olaraq h\u0259r bir sah\u0259sin\u0259 siray\u0259t edib. T\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qorxutmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n amans\u0131z qanunlara v\u0259 s\u0259rt c\u0259zalara n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc olsa da, daha \u00e7ox insan meydan oxuma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b. Bir \u00e7ox n\u00fcfuzlu m\u00fckafatlatlar\u0131n qalibi, demokratik h\u0259r\u0259kata d\u0259st\u0259k verdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259zalanaraq, 20 il film \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k qada\u011fas\u0131yla \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259n C\u0259f\u0259r P\u0259nahi t\u0259z\u0259likc\u0259 \u00f6z yeni filmini Avropa film festivallar\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rib. Kameralar i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l h\u0259r bir filmin \u00e7\u0259kili\u015fin\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t raz\u0131l\u0131q verm\u0259lidir, ancaq P\u0259nahi a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bundan imtina edib v\u0259 \u00f6z filmini icaz\u0259siz \u00e7\u0259kib. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7oxunu h\u0259bsxanada ke\u00e7ir\u0259n, v\u0259kill\u0259r kollegiyas\u0131ndan qovulan insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 v\u0259kil N\u0259zrin Satudeh qurumdan qovulmas\u0131na etiraz \u0259lam\u0259ti olaraq, t\u0259kc\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259r kollegiyas\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etiraz etm\u0259kl\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259yib, h\u0259m\u00e7inin P\u0259nahinin filmind\u0259 rol oynama\u011fa raz\u0131l\u0131q verm\u0259kl\u0259 rejim\u0259 meydan oxuyub. Says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z daimi andeqround f\u0259aliyy\u0259t n\u00f6vl\u0259ri – teatr truppalar\u0131, musiqi qruplar\u0131, film klublar\u0131, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t s\u0259rgil\u0259ri, qada\u011fan olunmu\u015f kitablar\u0131 onlayn, b\u0259z\u0259n n\u0259\u015fr formas\u0131nda yay\u0131mlayan f\u0259al v\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259kd\u0259 olan yay\u0131m \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri – indi \u0130ran\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Burada h\u0259tta andeqround universitet d\u0259 var: \u00e7\u00fcnki rejim b\u0259hail\u0259rin t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131nda qeydiyyatdan ke\u00e7m\u0259sini qada\u011fan edib. Bu inanca tap\u0131nanlar is\u0259 heyratamiz bir universitet yarad\u0131blar, buran\u0131n m\u0259zunlar\u0131 h\u0259tta m\u0259\u015fhur Q\u0259rb universitetl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259bul olunurlar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Rejim cinsi ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik siyas\u0259tini davam etdirdikc\u0259, qad\u0131nlar ictimai h\u0259yat\u0131n h\u0259r bir sah\u0259sind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rlar. “Facebook” v\u0259 “Tvitter”\u0259 \u00fcnvanlanan ittihamlardan biri d\u0259 budur: onlar iki cins aras\u0131nda “qeyri-qanuni” birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259nin yaranmas\u0131na r\u0259vac verirmi\u015f. \u0130ndi \u0130randa he\u00e7 vaxt olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox \u015fair\u0259, qad\u0131n yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131, rejissor, m\u00fc\u011f\u0259nni v\u0259 sahibkar var. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r he\u00e7 vaxt m\u00f6vcud olmayan bir \u015fey – seksual inqilab ba\u015f verm\u0259kd\u0259dir v\u0259 bu, rejimin d\u0131rna\u011faras\u0131 dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 tam\u0131 tam\u0131na bir t\u0259zadd\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u0259ndi\u015f\u0259li v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, bo\u015fanma dal\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sidir, lakin bu, bir daha qad\u0131nlar\u0131n nec\u0259 t\u0259p\u0259rli olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Onlar \u0259rl\u0259rinin yan\u0131nda qarag\u00fcnl\u00fc olmaqdansa, bo\u015fanma\u011f\u0131 (v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimalla t\u0259k valideyn qalma\u011f\u0131) daha \u00fcst\u00fcn tuturlar.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qad\u0131nlar “uy\u011fun” geyinsinl\u0259r v\u0259 rejimin qaydalar\u0131na uysunlar dey\u0259, onlara qar\u015f\u0131 sulfat tur\u015fusu h\u00fccumlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edilir. Bel\u0259 naqis hallarla \u0259n \u00e7ox \u0130sfahan \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri yadda qal\u0131b. Bunun ard\u0131nca is\u0259 rejimin g\u00fcnahkarlar\u0131 tapmaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc h\u0259v\u0259ssiz davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259n qad\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r demokratik q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r Tehran v\u0259 \u0130sfahanda etiraz \u0259lam\u0259ti olaraq mitinql\u0259r ke\u00e7iribl\u0259r. N\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc olsa da, \u0259n ki\u00e7ik silahl\u0131 o\u011furluq h\u00fccumlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259nl\u0259ri (d\u00f6rd cavan o\u011flan b\u0131\u00e7aqla t\u0259hdid ed\u0259r\u0259k kassa ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsd\u0259n ki\u00e7ik miqdarda pul o\u011furlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131) d\u0259rhal yaxalamaqla \u00f6y\u00fcn\u0259n rejim n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259, sulfat tur\u015fusu h\u00fccumlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259nl\u0259ri h\u0259bs ed\u0259 bilm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n

Rejim t\u0259qib v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fat yoluyla bu m\u0259d\u0259ni inqilab\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0259sm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. B\u0259hai universitetinin liderl\u0259ri m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq h\u0259bs edilir v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni dir\u0259ni\u015finin dig\u0259r c\u0259bh\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 reydl\u0259r ke\u00e7irilir. Amma bununla bel\u0259, o, \u0259halinin bel\u0259 yerl\u0259rd\u0259ki i\u015ftirakdan cayd\u0131rma\u011fa m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q ola bilmir. Rejim geyim t\u0259rzind\u0259n tutmu\u015f \u0259n x\u0131rda-para \u015feyl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n h\u0259r sah\u0259sin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131qca, h\u0259yat\u0131n ist\u0259nil\u0259n sah\u0259si d\u0259 potensial m\u00fcqavim\u0259t n\u00f6qt\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Hicab\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n yuxar\u0131s\u0131nda taxmaqla, sa\u00e7\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 telinin \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259 qoymaq, yeni do\u011fulan u\u015faqlara \u0130slam m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259sl\u0259rinin deyil, \u0130slamdan \u0259vv\u0259lki Fars mifologiyas\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 qoymaq \u0130randa m\u00fcqavim\u0259t h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vasit\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 dir\u0259ni\u015fin r\u0259mzin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avtoritar rejimin s\u0259rt repressiyalar\u0131na baxmayaraq, iranl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yollarla “andeqround” dir\u0259ni\u015f\u0259 davam etm\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 bir t\u0259zadd\u0131r. B\u0259zi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r iddia edirl\u0259r ki, rejim lab\u00fcd struktur d\u0259yi\u015fikliyinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259zi sosial n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin “repressiv tolerantl\u0131q” adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasit\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t edib. Bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, rejim \u00f6z\u0259l, andeqround v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, apolotik m\u00fcqavim\u0259t formalar\u0131na tolerantl\u0131q jesti olaraq deyil, status kvonu saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn naraz\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259ri sakitl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 ram etm\u0259k xatirin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Dig\u0259rl\u0259ri is\u0259 bu fikird\u0259dir ki, son 20 ild\u0259 ya\u015fanan travmalar – 8 illik Xat\u0259mi prezidentliyinin suya d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n v\u0259dl\u0259ri, 2009-cu ild\u0259 Ya\u015f\u0131l H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n basd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Suriyada v\u0259 \u0130raqda qiyam\u0259t g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc xat\u0131rladan da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar – \u0130ran xalq\u0131n\u0131n siyas\u0259td\u0259 ba\u015fqa yol se\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olub, \u00e7\u00fcnki xalq inan\u0131r ki, rejim n\u0259yin bahas\u0131na olursa olsun, onun hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 olan birba\u015fa t\u0259hdidi q\u0259ddarcas\u0131na yat\u0131racaq. D\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 birba\u015fa meydan oxumaqdansa, onlar pisl\u0259rin i\u00e7ind\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Ruhani) se\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259, se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259n \u00f6z naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 biruz\u0259 verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015ftirak edirl\u0259r. \u018fn inc\u0259 m\u0259qam h\u0259m d\u0259 odur ki, onlar rejimin g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yata n\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 forma verm\u0259k c\u0259hdl\u0259rind\u0259n yay\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bir m\u0259nada, siyas\u0259t h\u0259m d\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7ox, \u00f6z\u0259l h\u0259yat\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259ti m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, t\u0259drici, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, inadkar v\u0259 israrl\u0131 bel\u0259 mikro-siyasi dir\u0259ni\u015f – rejimin “sosial-m\u00fch\u0259ndislik” dizayn\u0131 il\u0259 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z elementl\u0259r – mollalar\u0131n avtoritar tutumunu \u0259vv\u0259l-ax\u0131r da\u011f\u0131dacaq. Rejimi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259 vadar ed\u0259n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 onun haz\u0131rda \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi iqtisadi b\u00f6hrand\u0131r. Uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli korrupsiya, bacar\u0131qs\u0131zl\u0131q, d\u00f6vl\u0259t icar\u0259l\u0259rinin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, elitan\u0131n qara bazardak\u0131 astronomik qazanclar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yaranan b\u00f6hrana indi neft qiym\u0259tl\u0259rinin ucuzla\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq sanksiyalar da \u0259lav\u0259 olunub. \u0130ran\u0131n bu b\u00f6hran\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yegan\u0259 yolu is\u0259 ali h\u00fcququ t\u0259min etm\u0259kd\u0259n, korrupsiyan\u0131, himay\u0259\u00e7i kapitalizmi v\u0259 avtoritar idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi t\u0259min ed\u0259n icar\u0259dar d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015funu aradan qald\u0131rmaqdan ke\u00e7ir.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n Demokratiya Jurnal\u0131 26:2 (2015), 52-60. \u00a9 M\u0259qal\u0259 Johns Hopkins University Press-in icaz\u0259si il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k Meydan.tv sayt\u0131nda yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.
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Rejim t\u0259qib v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fat yoluyla bu m\u0259d\u0259ni inqilab\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0259sm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":81744,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAvtoritar dirilm\u0259 - \u0130ran\u0131n ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 dolu rejimi - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/avtoritar-dirilme-iranin-ziddiyyetlerle-dolu-rejimi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Avtoritar dirilm\u0259 - 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