{"id":183356,"date":"2017-03-27T21:58:41","date_gmt":"2017-03-27T21:58:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/bizi-idare-eden-institutlar\/"},"modified":"2017-03-27T21:58:41","modified_gmt":"2017-03-27T21:58:41","slug":"bizi-idare-eden-institutlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/bizi-idare-eden-institutlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Bizi idar\u0259 ed\u0259n institutlar"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"Nahid
\n Nahid C\u0259f\u0259rov
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\n \"Nahid
\n Nahid C\u0259f\u0259rov – banner
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\n \u00c7ox vaxt \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0259 tez-tez istifad\u0259 etdiyim “institut” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirm\u0259k ist\u0259rdim. \u00d6nc\u0259 qeyd edim ki, institut ali m\u0259kt\u0259b deyil.\n<\/p>\n

\n Duqlas Norsa (Douglas North) g\u00f6r\u0259 institutlar insanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259n v\u0259 onlar\u0131 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259n \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ya qada\u011falard\u0131r. \u0130nstitutlar \u0259sas\u0259n iki yer\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131r: formal v\u0259 qeyri-formal institutlar. Formal institutlar \u0259sas\u0259n qanunlar, konstitusiya v\u0259 h\u00fcquqlard\u0131r. Bir insan\u0131n demokratik\u00a0c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 nec\u0259 davranmal\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u0259sas\u0259n formal institutlar m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qeyri-formal institutlar is\u0259 ad\u0259t \u0259n\u0259n\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, tabular, din v\u0259 dig\u0259r davran\u0131\u015f kodlar\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bizd\u0259 ictimai n\u0259qliyyatda qad\u0131na yer verm\u0259k bir institutdur v\u0259 k\u00f6k\u00fc bizim m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timiz\u0259 (mentalitetimiz\u0259) gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Toylar\u0131m\u0131z, evlilik v\u0259 yas m\u0259rasiml\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r bu kimi institutlar bizim b\u00fct\u00fcn davran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. Biz xarici \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 ged\u0259nd\u0259 ilkin olaraq h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259nin insanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlar\u0131n malik olduqlar\u0131 institutlar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131q. Bu, h\u0259r k\u0259sd\u0259 ba\u015f verir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Qeyri-formal institutlar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 t\u0259sirin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259m m\u00fcsb\u0259t v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259nfi kateqoriyalara ay\u0131rmaq olar. Qonaqp\u0259rv\u0259rliyimiz v\u0259 yard\u0131msev\u0259rliyimiz c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 institutla\u015fan m\u00fcsb\u0259t davran\u0131\u015flar olsa da, kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir\u0259 malik olan institutlar da m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu yaz\u0131da m\u0259hz h\u0259min m\u0259nfi institutlardan v\u0259 onlar\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki t\u0259sirind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lacaq.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259mi\u015fd\u0259n qabaq qeyd olunmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, formal institutlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qeyri-formal institutlar g\u00fccl\u00fc olur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycanda ail\u0259 qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iki mexanizmd\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunur: r\u0259smi nikah (formal) v\u0259 dini nikah (qeyri-formal). He\u00e7 kim\u0259 sirr deyil ki, r\u0259smi nikah dini nikah q\u0259d\u0259r vacib q\u0259bul olunmur v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ail\u0259d\u0259 nikahlar dini nikah \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulur. Qeyri-formal institutlar c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 el\u0259 bir davran\u0131\u015f mexanizmi yarad\u0131r ki, bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n insan d\u0259rhal ciddi ictimai t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259narda ya\u015famaq \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tindir v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n bu institutlar insanlar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rini bel\u0259 girov g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. Bu g\u00fcn toy \u015f\u0259nlikl\u0259rimiz\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259diyimiz pulu \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 imkan\u0131m\u0131z olmasa da, m\u0259hz bunun beyinl\u0259rd\u0259 institutla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin t\u0259zyiql\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259m\u0259yimiz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn borca bel\u0259 girm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinmirik. Amma kims\u0259 bu institutun d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259hd etmir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Daha bir paradoksu \u0259sas\u0259n d\u0259 rayon yerl\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0131zlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u0259hsild\u0259n k\u0259narda qalmas\u0131 v\u0259 erk\u0259n nikaha vadar edilm\u0259si il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Bu davran\u0131\u015f el\u0259 bir s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 institutla\u015f\u0131b ki, valideynl\u0259r 18 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir q\u0131z u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 qurmaq kimi son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tli bir i\u015fin alt\u0131na gir\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 v\u0259 bunun y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc da\u015f\u0131ya bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 inan\u0131rlar. H\u0259min valideynl\u0259r n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 \u00f6z \u00f6vladlar\u0131n\u0131n daha t\u0259hsilli bir v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f ola bil\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259, g\u00f6z\u0259l bir karyeraya sahib olub m\u00fcst\u0259qil v\u0259 kims\u0259d\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayan xo\u015fb\u0259xt bir h\u0259yat qura bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 inanm\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015fin \u0259n faci\u0259li t\u0259r\u0259fi d\u0259 bundan ibar\u0259tdir ki, q\u0131zlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u0259hsil almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmayan ki\u015fil\u0259r daha sonra bu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n bazarda alver etm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6z yummal\u0131 v\u0259 bunu h\u0259zm etm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olurlar.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u0259s bu institutlar\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc hardan yaran\u0131r? \u0130lk \u00f6nc\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, qeyri-formal institutlar\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc q\u0259dim tarix\u0259 getdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fikliy\u0259 meyilli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259n inki\u015faf\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259ti geri apar\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycanda malik oldu\u011fumuz qeyri-formal institutlar\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc gedib \u0130slam dinin\u0259, daha do\u011frusu, \u0130slam dinin\u0259 olan yana\u015fmam\u0131za \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Bu institutlar\u0131n m\u00fctl\u0259q \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin \u0130slam\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u0259laq\u0259si olmasa da v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox halda \u0130slam\u0131n \u00f6z prinsipl\u0259ri il\u0259 daban- dabana zidd olsa da, t\u0259hsilin da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 bu institutlar zaman-zaman savads\u0131z mollalar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f edilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Az\u0259rbaycanda beyinl\u0259rd\u0259 institutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bir \u00e7oxu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n payla\u015f\u0131lan \u201ch\u0259r g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u0259 \u015f\u00fckr et, h\u0259r hal\u0131na \u015f\u00fckr et, buna da \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr\u201d ifad\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259slind\u0259 \u0130slam\u0131n \u0259sas prinsipi olan \u201chaqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u201d prinsipi il\u0259 daban-dabana ziddir. Quranda \u201c\u015f\u00fck\u00fcr\u201d ifad\u0259sinin i\u015fl\u0259dildiyi b\u00fct\u00fcn ay\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Allah\u0131n l\u00fctf\u00fcnd\u0259n v\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 nem\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n s\u00f6hb\u0259t gedir. Y\u0259ni, Allah s\u0259n\u0259 verdiyi nem\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr etm\u0259yini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. S\u0259nin \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyin \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin he\u00e7 biri is\u0259 Allah\u0131n l\u00fctf\u00fc v\u0259 nem\u0259ti deyil. Bir d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr etm\u0259yi \u0259sl m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fcsulu kimi se\u00e7\u0259n insan niy\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 sual vermir ki, b\u0259s Allah\u0131n \u0259dal\u0259ri hardad\u0131r. Niy\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259 olunan z\u00fclm\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6vladlar\u0131m\u0131n ac qalmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Allaha t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr etm\u0259liy\u0259m ki? S\u0259n z\u00fclm\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr etm\u0259kl\u0259 yaln\u0131z z\u00fclm g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259ks\u0259n.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bunun \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259si C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259nin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f \u201cQ\u0259m p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259si\u201d filmind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilimi\u015fdir. Baxmam\u0131s\u0131zsa, o film\u0259 h\u00f6km\u0259n bax\u0131n. M\u0259hz \u201ch\u0259r g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u0259 \u015f\u00fckr et, h\u0259r hal\u0131na \u015f\u00fckr et, buna da \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr\u201d kimi institutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ifad\u0259l\u0259r bizi bir c\u0259miyy\u0259t olaraq m\u00fcbariz olmaqdan v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259n saxlay\u0131r. Tarix boyu f\u0259rqli imperiyalar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal olunduq v\u0259 buna \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr etdik. Bu institutun \u0259hmiyy\u0259tini anlayan \u018fliyev rejimi d\u0259 m\u0259hz b\u0259y\u0259natlar\u0131nda Suriyan\u0131 misal g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k \u201cAc olsaz da, bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr edin\u201d mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Quranda haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparma\u011fa dair kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r prinsipl\u0259r var. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259r olsun ki, bunlar\u0131n he\u00e7 biri tarix\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 institutla\u015fa bilm\u0259yib v\u0259 bizim bir mill\u0259t olaraq m\u00fcbariz\u0259 hissimiz\u0259 m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rib.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130slamda \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr etm\u0259yin \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259si namaz q\u0131lmaq institutudur. Bu institut \u0259ks\u0259r mollalar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n insanlarla Allah aras\u0131nda bazarl\u0131q kimi t\u0259bli\u011f olunur. Y\u0259ni, s\u0259n namaz q\u0131lmasan c\u0259nn\u0259t\u0259 getm\u0259zs\u0259n. \u018fg\u0259r bunu f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qoysaq, c\u0259nn\u0259t\u0259 getm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00f6km\u0259n namaz q\u0131lmal\u0131san. Namaz is\u0259 Quranda Allaha \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr etm\u0259k kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. \u015e\u00fck\u00fcr etm\u0259k is\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr etm\u0259k kimi m\u0259na verir. \u018fg\u0259r bir namaz q\u0131lana “Niy\u0259 namaz q\u0131l\u0131rsan?” sual\u0131n\u0131 vers\u0259n, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, cavab\u0131 Allaha \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr (t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr) edir\u0259m olacaq. B\u0259s Allaha niy\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr edirs\u0259n? \u0130nan\u0131ram ki, b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimalla h\u0259min \u015f\u0259xs “Allaha niy\u0259 \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr etm\u0259yim ki? O m\u0259nim\u00e7\u00fcn yeri v\u0259 g\u00f6y\u00fc yarad\u0131b v\u0259 m\u0259nim bu d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r \u015feyi o x\u0259lq edib” cavab\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259c\u0259k.\n<\/p>\n

\n Onda cavab verilm\u0259li olan sual bundan ibar\u0259tdir: \u018fg\u0259r Allah\u0131n s\u0259nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu nem\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259, onlar\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131, f\u0259aliyy\u0259t mexanizmini, insan h\u0259yat\u0131na t\u0259sirini v\u0259 bizim ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlar\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini anlama\u011fa savad\u0131n yoxdursa, s\u0259nin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn niy\u0259 s\u0259mimi olsun ki? \u0130nsan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini d\u0259rk etm\u0259diyi bir yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6r\u0259 niy\u0259 s\u0259mimi q\u0259lbd\u0259n t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr etsin ki? Quranda bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 bel\u0259 cavab verilir (Fatir, 28):\n<\/p>\n

\n Allahdan \u00f6z b\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 ancaq aliml\u0259r qorxar.\n<\/p>\n

\n C\u0259miyy\u0259t b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259nfi institutlardan yaln\u0131z g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259hsilin hesab\u0131na xilas ola bilir. Bir zamanlar avropada dini inanclara g\u00f6r\u0259 insanlar\u0131n yand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259hz elmi maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259nin n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259hsil yaln\u0131z xo\u015fb\u0259xt g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 d\u0259rk etm\u0259k, heyvandan f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259k v\u0259 \u0259n n\u0259hay\u0259ti \u00f6lk\u0259mizi qura bilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00fccl\u00fc bir vasit\u0259dir. \u0130lkin olaraq h\u00f6kum\u0259tin bu h\u00fcququ \u0259limizd\u0259n almas\u0131na \u201c\u015f\u00fck\u00fcr etm\u0259kl\u0259\u201d \u015f\u0259rait yaratmayaq. Raz\u0131 olmayaq ki, bizi bir xalq olaraq savads\u0131z bir k\u00fctl\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evirsinl\u0259r. Bunun ziyan\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z v\u0259 yaln\u0131z \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz v\u0259 \u00f6vladlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u0259k\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ox vaxt \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0259 tez-tez istifad\u0259 etdiyim “institut” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirm\u0259k ist\u0259rdim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":71245,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBizi idar\u0259 ed\u0259n institutlar - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/bizi-idare-eden-institutlar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bizi idar\u0259 ed\u0259n institutlar - 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