{"id":180633,"date":"2016-11-22T15:02:26","date_gmt":"2016-11-22T15:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/azerbaycanli-geni-deye-bir-sey-yoxdur\/"},"modified":"2016-11-22T15:02:26","modified_gmt":"2016-11-22T15:02:26","slug":"azerbaycanli-geni-deye-bir-sey-yoxdur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/azerbaycanli-geni-deye-bir-sey-yoxdur\/","title":{"rendered":"”Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 geni dey\u0259 bir \u015fey yoxdur”"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"Araz
\n Araz Zeyniyev, foto: kulis.az
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n
\n GENET\u0130KL\u018f S\u00d6HB\u018fT
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n Mikrobioloq-genetik Araz Zeyniyevl\u0259 kulis.az-\u0131n etdiyi m\u00fcsahib\u0259
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Araz b\u0259y, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc nec\u0259 t\u0259qdim edirsiniz?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Mikrobioloq-genetik. ODT\u00dc-d\u0259 (Orta Do\u011fu Texniki Universiteti-red.) molekulyar biologiya v\u0259 genetika \u00fczr\u0259 bakalavr t\u0259hsili alandan sonra 6 il Hollandiya v\u0259 Almaniyada bakteriyalarda genetik t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259 m\u00f6vzusunda i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f\u0259m.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Mikrobiologiya genetikan\u0131n bir sah\u0259sidir?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Tam el\u0259 dem\u0259k olmaz. Mikrobiologiya g\u00f6zl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r ki\u00e7ik orqanizml\u0259ri (mikrob, bakteriya, virus v\u0259 sair\u0259) \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n elmdir. Genetika is\u0259 irsiyy\u0259t qanunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nir. Y\u0259ni m\u0259n bu ki\u00e7ik canl\u0131lar\u0131n niy\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259diyi v\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259diyinin prinsipl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan biriy\u0259m.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – G\u0259lin, genetikadan dan\u0131\u015faq. Genetika elmi nec\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Mendel klassik genetikan\u0131n \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 qoyan Darvin il\u0259 eyni zamanda ya\u015fay\u0131b. 1953-c\u00fc ild\u0259 bizim o bildiyimiz g\u00f6z\u0259l DNT-nin qurulu\u015fu k\u0259\u015ff olunub. “\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f genetika inqilab\u0131 bel\u0259c\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131” deyib q\u0131sa dan\u0131\u015faq hekay\u0259ni.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 verilib DNT qurulu\u015funu k\u0259\u015ff\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259…
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – B\u0259li, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu biologiyan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi probleml\u0259rind\u0259n birini, irsi informasiyan\u0131n n\u0259sild\u0259n-n\u0259sl\u0259 nec\u0259 ke\u00e7diyinin predmetini v\u0259 mexanizmin\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q sa\u00e7d\u0131. O ana q\u0259d\u0259r genl\u0259rin (y\u0259ni irsi madd\u0259nin) DNT oldu\u011funu bel\u0259 d\u0259qiq bilmirdik. Bir \u00e7oxu genl\u0259rin z\u00fclallar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc, \u00e7\u00fcnki ist\u0259nil\u0259n z\u00fclal qurulu\u015f bax\u0131m\u0131ndan DNT-d\u0259n \u00e7ox daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdir.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – G\u0259nc elm sah\u0259si olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q f\u0259rqli sah\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar gedir. Ke\u00e7\u0259n d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259 bir ara\u015fd\u0131rma yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, genetik analiz n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 irql\u0259rin Afrikadan oldu\u011fu b\u0259lli olub. Bu nec\u0259 bir prosesdir ki, ondan h\u0259m tarix, h\u0259m tibb, h\u0259m s\u0259naye istifad\u0259 edir?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Genetika \u0259n sad\u0259 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 n\u0259dir? \u0130ki adam, ana v\u0259 u\u015faq niy\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 ox\u015fay\u0131r? V\u0259 yaxud az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar niy\u0259 farslara b\u0259nz\u0259yir? Genetika bu qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131n k\u0259\u015ffi elmidir. Niy\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259rlik var? \u00c7\u00fcnki sperma v\u0259 yumurtada DNT deyil\u0259n madd\u0259 var. Bu madd\u0259 h\u00fcceyr\u0259nin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc yenid\u0259n yarada bilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m\u0131 informasiyas\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Canl\u0131n\u0131n cans\u0131zdan f\u0259rqi d\u0259 budur. Canl\u0131 \u00f6z ox\u015far\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaq potensial\u0131na malikdir. DNT bir q\u0259libdir. Eyni h\u00fcceyr\u0259ni v\u0259 funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259krar yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunan q\u0259libdir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0130ki q\u0259lib bir-birin\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u0131nd\u0131rsa, dem\u0259li, onlar\u0131n ortaq \u0259cdadlar\u0131 da bir o q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u0131n tarixd\u0259 olub. F\u0259rqli irqd\u0259n, \u0259l\u00fcst\u00fc qeyd ed\u0259k, irq \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f biologiyada art\u0131q \u0259sas\u0131 olmayan, k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f bir fenomendir, insanlar\u0131n DNT-l\u0259rin\u0259 bax\u0131laraq o insanlar\u0131n \u0259n sonuncu \u0259cdadlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259 vaxt ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259xmin etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Maraql\u0131d\u0131r, Araz b\u0259y, genetikalar bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nirmi? M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 geni deyil\u0259n bir \u015fey varm\u0131? Yaxud da m\u00fcs\u0259lman geni…
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Q\u0131saca v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qca: yoxdur! Birincisi, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, bunlar irsi deyil, m\u00fchit xass\u0259l\u0259ridir. Y\u0259ni sosial elml\u0259rin dili il\u0259 des\u0259k k\u00fclt\u00fcr m\u0259hsuludur. Do\u011fu\u015fdan sonra \u00f6yr\u0259nil\u0259n xass\u0259l\u0259rdir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bir balaca genetika il\u0259 xass\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131ndaki \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259n b\u0259hs edim.\n<\/p>\n

\n Biz fiziki x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rimizi irsi olaraq anadan v\u0259 atadan al\u0131r\u0131q. Qan qrupu, d\u0259ri r\u0259ngi nisbi olaraq b\u0259sit xass\u0259l\u0259rdir. A\u011f\u0131l, xarakter, psixoloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r is\u0259 \u00e7ox m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdirl\u0259r. Niy\u0259? Qan qrupunun \u0259sas 4 ayr\u0131 hal\u0131 var. 4 ayr\u0131 qan qrupu. Sovet sistemind\u0259 bu 1-d\u0259n 4-\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259 ifad\u0259 olunur, d\u00fcnya ABO sistemind\u0259n (O, A, B, AB) istifad\u0259 edir. Niy\u0259 bel\u0259 b\u0259sitdir, y\u0259ni niy\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 4 f\u0259rqli n\u00f6v var (onlarca f\u0259rqli d\u0259ri r\u0259ngi il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edin), \u00e7\u00fcnki genetika elmi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edib ki, bu xass\u0259 t\u0259k bir gen\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 \u00fcst\u0259g\u0259l \u0259traf m\u00fchitd\u0259n (xaricd\u0259n) t\u0259sirl\u0259nmir. D\u0259ri r\u0259ngin\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259\u00a0 onlarca f\u0259rqli gen i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r, burada v\u0259 xarici faktorlar\u0131n t\u0259siri \u00e7oxdur. A\u011fappaq d\u0259rili norve\u00e7li b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 Efiopiyada ya\u015fasa, d\u0259risi kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r t\u00fcnd r\u0259ngli olacaq. B\u0259lk\u0259 bizim q\u0259d\u0259r, b\u0259lk\u0259 daha t\u00fcnd, ancaq h\u0259r halda efiopiyal\u0131 kimi ola bilm\u0259z. Y\u0259ni genetika bir baza t\u0259yin edir v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015f kimi bu limitl\u0259r i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 onun n\u0259tic\u0259sini yap\u0131r. Dem\u0259li xass\u0259 var \u0259traf m\u00fchitin t\u0259siri \u00e7oxdur, xass\u0259 var yoxdur, m\u0259s\u0259l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qan qrupu kimi. Harada, hans\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq qan qrupu d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259zdir. A\u011f\u0131l, intellekt, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q kimi m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b xarakterl\u0259r is\u0259 dig\u0259r ucdad\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 t\u0259yin ed\u0259n \u0259sas \u0259traf m\u00fchit, iqlim, t\u0259lim, travma v\u0259 sair\u0259 kimi qeyri-genetik faktorlard\u0131r. Y\u0259ni az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 genind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fmaq olmaz.\n<\/p>\n

\n \"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n
\n – Norve\u00e7li 3-4 \u0259sr Efiopiyada qalarsa, genetikas\u0131, d\u0259ri r\u0259ngi d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259rmi?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – \u0130nsanlar y\u00fcz min ill\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l Afrikadan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. O zaman ham\u0131m\u0131z indi afrikal\u0131larda oldu\u011fu kimi qarad\u0259rili idik. Dem\u0259li, t\u0259xmin\u0259n bu proses y\u00fcz min ill\u0259r ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259rsin\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n bir o q\u0259d\u0259r olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0259ni 3-4 \u0259sr deyil, minimum 300-400 \u0259sr g\u0259r\u0259kdir.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Z\u0259ka geni deyil\u0259n bir \u015fey varm\u0131?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Yen\u0259 q\u0131sa v\u0259 b\u0259sit cavab verim: yoxdur. Birincisi ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, z\u0259ka deyil\u0259n qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259rif etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. \u0130kincisi, m\u0259nc\u0259, z\u0259ka genl\u0259rl\u0259 deyil, \u0259traf m\u00fchitl\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Eyn\u015fteyni yaradan genetikadan \u00e7ox zaman\u0259dir. \u0130Q bel\u0259 z\u0259kan\u0131n sad\u0259c\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u0259sit formas\u0131d\u0131r, o, bel\u0259 30-40% genetikadan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Pikassonun \u0130Q-su inanm\u0131ram \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k ola, ancaq z\u0259ki oldu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259miz yoxdur.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – T\u00fcrk alimi \u018fziz Sancar DNT-l\u0259rin t\u0259mir olunmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Nobel alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu, tibbd\u0259 d\u0259 vacib istiqam\u0259tdir. Bunu nec\u0259 izah ed\u0259rdiniz? Nec\u0259 t\u0259mir olunur?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – G\u00f6r\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yimiz q\u0259d\u0259r balaca olma\u011f\u0131na baxmayaraq h\u00fcceyr\u0259, i\u00e7ind\u0259 uzunlu\u011fu 2 metr olan DNT ehtiva edir. Bir h\u00fcceyr\u0259nin i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f informasiya var. \u0130nsan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si, h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rin sayca \u00e7oxalmas\u0131 dem\u0259kdir. H\u00fcceyr\u0259 \u00e7oxalmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 DNT \u00f6z sur\u0259tini \u00e7\u0131xarmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, \u00e7ox s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u015f verir v\u0259 bu prosesd\u0259 s\u0259hvl\u0259r d\u0259 olur. Bu s\u0259hvl\u0259ri sonra d\u00fcz\u0259ld\u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b bir mexanizm var. Sancar bu mexanizm\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 verib. Niy\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mlidir, bu? \u00c7\u00fcnki bu c\u00fcr t\u0259m\u0259l mexanizml\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng kimi x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7ox k\u00f6m\u0259yi olacaq.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Genetikan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 tibb sah\u0259sind\u0259 hans\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r yaradacaq? \u0130nsan\u0131n klonlanmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn.
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – M\u0259nc\u0259 50 il sonra x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng, Alzaymer kimi bir \u00e7ox x\u0259st\u0259liyi m\u00fcalic\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yik. Klonla\u015fd\u0131rmaya g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259, bilisinizmi, insan klonlanmas\u0131 biologiyada o q\u0259d\u0259r aktual m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 deyil. Ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 orqanlar\u0131n klonlanmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6hb\u0259t gedir. \u00dcr\u0259yi klonlamaq…\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – \u015eeir kimi g\u0259lir adama… Klonlama \u00fcr\u0259yimi, i\u00e7ind\u0259 s\u0259n varsan, s\u0259n d\u0259 klonlanarsan…
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – (g\u00fcl\u00fcr.) Bu fantastika deyil. \u00dcr\u0259k \u00e7ox m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b orqand\u0131r, ancaq nisbi olaraq daha b\u0259sit orqanlar, hiss\u0259l\u0259r klonlan\u0131r. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u0259vv\u0259l d\u0259ri s\u00fcni \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 yarad\u0131l\u0131b. Y\u0259ni bir insan\u0131n d\u0259ri h\u00fcceyr\u0259si al\u0131n\u0131b v\u0259 s\u00fcni \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 bir, yaxud bir ne\u00e7\u0259 h\u00fcceyr\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259ri toxumas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirilib. O insan q\u0259za, yan\u011f\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259risinin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sini itir\u0259rs\u0259, onu geri o \u015f\u0259xs\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu, tibbi olaraq t\u0259tbiq olunurmu bu g\u00fcn, m\u0259n bilmir\u0259m. \u0130nsan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00f6v olaraq klonlamaq m\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131z g\u0259lir. Onu bilir\u0259m ki, d\u00fcnyada insan klonlamaq qanun il\u0259 qada\u011fan olunub h\u0259r yerd\u0259.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Klonla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131landa h\u0259min ya\u015fda olmursan, t\u0259z\u0259d\u0259n u\u015faq olursan…
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259. \u0130ndiki ya\u015f\u0131nda deyil, u\u015faq ya\u015f\u0131nda olur s\u0259nin klonun. Sizd\u0259n bir h\u00fcceyr\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r, o h\u00fcceyr\u0259 s\u00fcni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yaxud bir da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 b\u0259tnind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcl\u00fcr v\u0259 u\u015faq d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lir.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – \u00d6lm\u00fc\u015f insan\u0131n s\u00fcm\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n bunu etm\u0259k olarm\u0131?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Prinsipc\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, etm\u0259k olar. Ancaq o da u\u015faq olacaq. Yoxsa bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 kopyala v\u0259 eyni ya\u015fda olsun, bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Genetikas\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmi\u015f m\u0259hsullardan dan\u0131\u015faq. Bir Nobel m\u00fckafat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bunun istehsal\u0131n\u0131n normal oldu\u011funu demi\u015fdi. Bu insanlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ox narahat ed\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. Sizc\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycanda genetikas\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmi\u015f m\u0259hsullar sat\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Bu, tam da m\u0259nim maraqland\u0131\u011f\u0131m sah\u0259dir. Haz\u0131rda \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyim m\u0259qal\u0259 d\u0259 bu haqdad\u0131r. \u0130lk \u00f6nc\u0259 GMO-nun (Genetik Modifikasiya olunmu\u015f Orqanizm-red.) n\u0259 oldu\u011fundan b\u0259hs ed\u0259k. GMO s\u0131f\u0131rdan yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir texnologiya deyil. T\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259k. T\u0259kam\u00fcl q\u0131saca bir n\u00f6vd\u0259n ba\u015fqa n\u00f6v\u00fcn yaranmas\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00f6v yaranmas\u0131 genetikan\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir. V\u0259 ya \u0259hill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259ni g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259k. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, it v\u0259h\u015fi t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 olmay\u0131b. \u0130t insan \u0259li il\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f n\u00f6vd\u00fcr. Canavarlar\u0131n t\u0259dric\u0259n insanlara yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bunu realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131blar. Quba almas\u0131 c\u0131r alman\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, h\u0259r n\u0259sild\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck, \u015fir\u0259li, dadl\u0131 alman\u0131n se\u00e7ilm\u0259si, hibridl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 c\u0131r, me\u015f\u0259 almas\u0131n\u0131n genl\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259srlik prosesdir, bu. GMO da bundan prinsipc\u0259 f\u0259rqli deyil. \u018fsas f\u0259rq odur ki, GMO \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n prosesdir v\u0259 o genetik d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f genetik texnologiya (genl\u0259rin transferi m\u0259s\u0259l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) istifad\u0259 olunur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Misal ver\u0259k, qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131ya bir bakteriyadan gen k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Niy\u0259? O bakteriyada z\u0259r\u0259rvericil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 z\u0259h\u0259r var, ancaq insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259h\u0259r deyil bu madd\u0259. Geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunan antibiotik, m\u0259s\u0259l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bakteriyalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259h\u0259rlidir, insan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259h\u0259rli deyil.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bu g\u00fcn Amerikada istehsal olunan qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131n\u0131n 90 faizi GMO-dur. Qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 is\u0259 amerikal\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k dem\u0259kdir, y\u0259ni 200 milyon \u0259hali onunla qidalan\u0131r. GMO \u0259g\u0259r \u0259ks\u0259r insan\u0131n inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kim z\u0259h\u0259rli, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, hormonlu, g\u00fcbr\u0259li, kimy\u0259vi d\u0259rman vurulmu\u015f qorxunc qida olsayd\u0131, 20 ildir qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 yey\u0259n amerikal\u0131larda k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7oxdan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Dem\u0259li, GMO masonlar\u0131n bizi z\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi virus deyil (g\u00fcl\u00fcr).\n<\/p>\n

\n GMO m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 insan sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259l\u0259ri var. Yeni texnologiya oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259tli t\u0259sirini bilmirik. Ekoloji m\u0259nada t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li olma ehtimal\u0131 var. Bunlar ba\u015fqa m\u00f6vzudur v\u0259 q\u0259lizdur. Bundan dan\u0131\u015fsaq s\u00f6hb\u0259timiz uzanacaq. Ancaq q\u0131saca deyim ki, GMO bioloji olaraq z\u0259r\u0259rli deyil, sad\u0259c\u0259 iqtisadi, sosial, h\u0259tta siyasi riskl\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnki GMO texnologiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxu az sayda qlobal \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin idar\u0259sind\u0259dir. Bir ovuc \u015firk\u0259t n\u0259 yey\u0259c\u0259yimiz\u0259 q\u0259rar verir. Bu, \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259dir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fn konkret t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri m\u0259d\u0259ni bitki sortlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yerli sortlar yerini bu b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin az saydak\u0131 n\u00f6vl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olunaraq s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259dir, \u00e7\u00fcnki x\u00fcsusil\u0259 qlobal isinm\u0259 fonunda d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n iqlim \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fidlilik laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bir sort i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259 alternativiniz olsun dey\u0259. Bu sah\u0259d\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n x\u00fcsusi yeri var – d\u00fcnya biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir bu b\u00f6lg\u0259. Dey\u0259k ki, GMO nar burdak\u0131 yerli sortlar\u0131 asanl\u0131qla s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xarar, \u00e7\u00fcnki b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015firk\u0259t monopoliyas\u0131 var. Meksika qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259nil\u0259\u015fdirdiyi yerdir, y\u0259ni t\u0259bii v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni \u00e7e\u015fidliliyin \u00f6n \u0259n \u00e7ox oldu\u011fu yerdir. Meksika \u00f6z t\u0259bii resurslar\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni GMO sortlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti qada\u011fa qoyub.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Y\u0259ni GMO davaml\u0131 v\u0259 daha m\u0259hsuldar sort yaratmaqd\u0131r?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259. M\u0259qs\u0259d adi qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131dan z\u0259r\u0259rverici h\u0259\u015f\u0259ratlara qar\u015f\u0131 davaml\u0131 qar\u011f\u0131dal\u0131 sortu yaratmaqd\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Bir m\u0259hsulun GMO olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Bir bax\u0131\u015fla m\u0259hsulun GMO olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259k olmur. Laboratoriyada genetik analiz apar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ox halda, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, \u00e7\u00fcnki emal i\u015find\u0259n ke\u00e7mi\u015f m\u0259hsulda genetik madd\u0259 qalm\u0131r. \u00d6rn\u0259k: adi \u015f\u0259k\u0259r \u00e7u\u011fundurundan \u0259ld\u0259 olunan q\u0259ndin i\u00e7ind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir bioloji h\u00fcceyr\u0259 qalm\u0131r. Q\u0259nd saf s\u00fckrozad\u0131r. GMO \u00e7u\u011fundurdan \u0259ld\u0259 olunan q\u0259nd\u0259 baxaraq onun m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yini bilm\u0259k olmaz. Effektiv olaraq da bu iki q\u0259nd aras\u0131nda he\u00e7 bir f\u0259rq d\u0259 yoxdur.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Bazarda sat\u0131landa i\u015far\u0259 olunur ki, bu, GMO-dur?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Bu m\u0259hsullar\u0131n etiketl\u0259nm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si GMO \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyada ged\u0259n \u0259n q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Bu qaydalar \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n-\u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir. Amerika qit\u0259sind\u0259 etiketl\u0259nmir. Avropan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 GMO-nun idxal\u0131 v\u0259 elmi istifad\u0259si deyil, k\u00fctl\u0259vi yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si qada\u011fand\u0131r. Avropa il\u0259 AB\u015e aras\u0131nda ged\u0259n ixti\u015fa\u015flardan biri GMO m\u00f6vzusudur.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Az\u0259rbaycanda nec\u0259dir b\u0259s?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Az\u0259rbaycanda yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si qada\u011fand\u0131r. M\u0259nc\u0259, qada\u011fan deyil, yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259lidir. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n bioloji infrastrukturu canland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yax\u0131nlarda \u0259lim\u0259 universitet t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan GMO haqq\u0131nda bir d\u0259rslik ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Sensansiya sev\u0259n jurnallara ox\u015fay\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanda n\u0259inki GMO, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bioloji ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 il\u0259 ayaq uyduran \u0259n t\u0259m\u0259l biologiya kitablar\u0131 bel\u0259 yoxdur. S\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fk\u0259n, deyim. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 bioloq v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i il\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n qabaqc\u0131l universitetl\u0259rinin istifad\u0259 etdiyi d\u0259rslikl\u0259ri t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn layih\u0259 haz\u0131rlay\u0131r\u0131q. Konkret qaynaqlar\u0131m\u0131z var. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 molekulyar biologiya il\u0259 maraqlanan v\u0259 ya bilikli, ingilis-az\u0259rbaycan dili t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri biz\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etsinl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n M\u0259nb\u0259: kulis.az
\n <\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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