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\n B\u0259kar\u0259t ideyas\u0131 iqtisadi z\u0259mind\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b, dini v\u0259 \u0259xlaqi y\u00f6n\u0259 ke\u00e7di
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 estetikl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f sualla ba\u015flayaq: n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ki\u015finin h\u0259yat\u0131ndak\u0131 ilk cinsi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259, qad\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131ndak\u0131 ilk cinsi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 kimi zurna-qavall\u0131, \u00e7al-\u00e7a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131, yem\u0259k-i\u00e7m\u0259kli, dost-tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131, qohum-qon\u015fulu, tortlu-\u015fampanl\u0131, m\u0259l\u0259kli-klounlu “xeyir i\u015f” ad\u0131yla bayram edilmir?\n<\/p>\n
\n N\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 balacal\u0131qdan o\u011flan u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 cinsi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirirl\u0259r, utancaq o\u011flan tipini “mama u\u015fa\u011f\u0131” ad\u0131yla al\u00e7ald\u0131rlar, m\u0259sx\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 qoyurlar, bunlar\u0131n tam \u0259ksini is\u0259 “ev q\u0131z\u0131” ad\u0131yla \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirib q\u0131zlarda g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r?\n<\/p>\n
\n N\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bakir\u0259lik yeng\u0259 “m\u00fcnsifliyi” il\u0259 m\u0259hz qad\u0131ndan t\u0259l\u0259b olunur?\n<\/p>\n
\n N\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn zifaf gec\u0259si “l\u0259k\u0259siz” yataq d\u0259sti g\u0259lin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259z\u0259n h\u0259yat\u0131 bahas\u0131na \u00f6d\u0259nm\u0259li olan h\u0259r m\u0259nada \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl l\u0259k\u0259dir?\n<\/p>\n
\n N\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn?..\n<\/p>\n
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\n B\u0259kar\u0259t ideyas\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n
\n Antropoloqlara g\u00f6r\u0259, on min ill\u0259r boyunca u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259 atan\u0131n rolu bilinm\u0259mi\u015f, \u00f6vladlar anan\u0131n say\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Do\u011fumun s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n birinin ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 bilin\u0259nd\u0259, d\u0259 bu, onlar\u0131n statusunu y\u00fcks\u0259ltm\u0259di. Ta yax\u0131n zamana q\u0259d\u0259r ya\u011f\u0131\u015f suyundan, g\u00f6ld\u0259n, ay, g\u00fcn i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif heyvanlardan hamil\u0259 qalan qad\u0131nlar haqq\u0131nda mif v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 inan\u0131ld\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259fsan\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, indiki q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z xalq\u0131 q\u0131rx q\u0131z\u0131n (q\u0131rx q\u0131z > q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z) g\u00f6ld\u0259 \u00e7im\u0259rk\u0259n g\u00f6yd\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n i\u015f\u0131qdan hamil\u0259 qalmas\u0131ndan meydana g\u0259lib. Ki\u015fi cinsinin i\u015ftirak\u0131 olmadan do\u011fulma motivi xristianl\u0131\u011fa q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131: M\u0259ry\u0259m \u0130san\u0131, g\u00f6yd\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n i\u015f\u0131qdan hamil\u0259 qal\u0131b d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259tirir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Min ill\u0259r boyunca qan qohumlar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131raq adamlardan ay\u0131rmaq ana x\u0259tti vasit\u0259si il\u0259 bilinirdi: eyni anadan, ya da ana x\u0259ttind\u0259n do\u011fulanlar do\u011fma, qalanlar \u00f6zg\u0259 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131lar. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, “do\u011fmaq” felind\u0259n d\u00fcz\u0259ldil\u0259n bu feminin s\u00f6z \u2013 “do\u011fma” s\u00f6z\u00fc, indiy\u0259 kimi d\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 saxlay\u0131r.
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\n Ail\u0259d\u0259 \u0259rin \u0259sas obrazda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259m\u0259si bir \u00e7ox xalq\u0131n dilind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim xalqlar\u0131ndan olan, t\u00fcrk etnosuna aid edil\u0259n yakutlarda “h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131”, “\u0259r” m\u0259nas\u0131nda s\u00f6z yoxdur, bunun yerin\u0259 “ki\u015fi” s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilir (L.Levy-Bruhl). Yapon dilind\u0259 is\u0259 “\u0259r” s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6z etimologiyas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 “ev\u0259 gizlinc\u0259 gir\u0259n” dem\u0259kdir. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, 30-cu ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu qoruyan C\u0259nubi Amerikan\u0131n Sonora \u0259yal\u0259tind\u0259, Meksikada, Kaliforniya k\u00f6rf\u0259zind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Tiburon adas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan yerli xalqlar\u0131n dilind\u0259 “ata” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259n s\u00f6z yoxdur (R.Briffault).\n<\/p>\n
\n Yenid\u0259n matriarxal zamanlara qay\u0131daq. Evin b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fc n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, q\u0259dim sumerc\u0259 olan “n\u0259n\u0259” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259nas\u0131 “sahib\u0259” dem\u0259kdir.\n<\/p>\n
\n X\u00fcsusi m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tin yaranmas\u0131 ki\u015fini m\u0259rk\u0259z\u0259 g\u0259tirdi v\u0259 ail\u0259 sistemind\u0259 d\u0259 k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 yol a\u00e7d\u0131. Di g\u0259l ki, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 ail\u0259d\u0259 ana x\u0259tti bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t davam etdi; n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin yerini day\u0131lar alma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Y\u0259ni, klana r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n day\u0131, hakimiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 miras\u0131 \u00f6z u\u015faqlar\u0131na deyil, ancaq bac\u0131s\u0131 u\u015faqlar\u0131na \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259rdi. Bizd\u0259 “day\u0131” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn arxa, dayaq m\u0259nas\u0131nda “filank\u0259sin day\u0131s\u0131”, h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q, qudur\u011fanl\u0131q m\u0259nas\u0131nda “allah\u0131n bac\u0131s\u0131 o\u011flu” v\u0259 s. ifad\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259si indi d\u0259 aktuald\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n Yava\u015f-yava\u015f day\u0131l\u0131q \u00f6z yerini atal\u0131\u011fa verdi; “m\u0259nim qoyunum”, “m\u0259nim otla\u011f\u0131m”, “m\u0259nim tarlam”\u0131n dal\u0131s\u0131nca “m\u0259nim qad\u0131n\u0131m”, “m\u0259nim u\u015fa\u011f\u0131m” ideyas\u0131 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Atam\u0259rk\u0259z\u00e7i c\u0259miyy\u0259t sahibl\u0259nm\u0259 ehtiras\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bu ist\u0259yi sosial h\u0259yat\u0131n h\u0259r bir sah\u0259sind\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n Dilimizd\u0259 “familiya” s\u00f6z\u00fc \u0259sas olaraq ata x\u0259tti il\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xs adlar\u0131na \u0259lav\u0259 edil\u0259n n\u0259slin v\u0259 ail\u0259nin ad\u0131na deyilir. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn n\u0259sil, qohum-\u0259qr\u0259ba, ail\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259ri kimi d\u0259 m\u0259nalar\u0131 var. Q\u0259dim lat\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc olan “familiya” “eyni yerd\u0259 ya\u015fayan xidm\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r” dem\u0259kdir. Patriarxall\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ki\u015fi hegemoniyas\u0131n\u0131n ail\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tinin ideal g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi olan bir s\u00f6z! Ail\u0259d\u0259 kim varsa, ana(lar) da, u\u015faqlar da, qulluq\u00e7ular da ki\u015finin a\u011fal\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, onun “familiyas\u0131d\u0131r”, y\u0259ni xidm\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259ridir! H\u0259r bir evl\u0259n\u0259n ki\u015fini evin a\u011fas\u0131 kimi g\u00f6r\u0259n patriarxal sistem, evin qad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 avtomatik olaraq k\u00f6l\u0259, xidm\u0259t\u00e7i s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 endirmi\u015f olur. Bakir\u0259lik institutu h\u0259m d\u0259 buna xidm\u0259t etm\u0259li idi: “G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131b ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259rini g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259k olan qad\u0131n\u0131” idar\u0259 etm\u0259k, ita\u0259t alt\u0131na almaq h\u0259r halda daha asan olmal\u0131yd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n B\u0259kar\u0259t ideyas\u0131 ilk vaxtlar indiki m\u0259zmunundan xeyli f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi. Bu ideya o zaman da ki\u015fi eqosuna v\u0259 q\u0131sqancl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hesablanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131, ancaq qad\u0131n\u0131n namus-qeyr\u0259tinin, l\u0259yaq\u0259tinin “\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc” deyildi. B\u0259kar\u0259t \u2013 atal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bilinm\u0259sini v\u0259 ki\u015fiy\u0259 aid olan miras\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n olan \u00f6vladlara \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259n b\u0259han\u0259 v\u0259 vasit\u0259 kimi patriarxall\u0131\u011fa yaray\u0131rd\u0131. El\u0259 etm\u0259k g\u0259r\u0259k idi ki, ki\u015finin sahib oldu\u011fu var-d\u00f6vl\u0259t, ya da hakimiyy\u0259t \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n olan u\u015faqlara (daha sonralar ancaq o\u011flanlara) \u00e7ats\u0131n. Bunu h\u0259ll etm\u0259yin yolu is\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda ilk v\u0259 t\u0259k ki\u015fi olmaq, onun cinsi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 daraltmaq idi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Atan\u0131n u\u015faqlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 sahiblik haqq\u0131 \u00e7oxald\u0131qca, qad\u0131nlardan bakir\u0259lik t\u0259l\u0259bi artd\u0131.\n<\/p>\n
\n B\u0259kar\u0259tin pozulmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ilk qanunlar ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcnvanlanaraq onlar\u0131 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Sumer qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r kims\u0259 bir k\u00f6l\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131n zorla b\u0259kar\u0259tini pozarsa, 5 \u015f\u0259k\u0259l (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40 qram) g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f verm\u0259lidir. K\u00f6l\u0259 olmayan azad q\u0131zlar t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u0259 u\u011frad\u0131qda is\u0259 valideynl\u0259ri onlar\u0131 h\u0259min adamla evl\u0259ndirm\u0259lidir. (Bu ad\u0259t bu yax\u0131nlara q\u0259d\u0259r bizd\u0259 bir az f\u0259rqli formada ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131, el\u00e7il\u0259r r\u0259dd cavab\u0131 alanda o\u011flan zorla q\u0131z\u0131 qa\u00e7\u0131rar, d\u0259rhal ona sahibl\u0259n\u0259rdi. B\u0259kar\u0259tini itirmi\u015f q\u0131z\u0131n h\u0259min adama \u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa \u00e7ar\u0259si qalmazd\u0131. Yaxud, zorlanm\u0131\u015f q\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onu zorlayan adamla evl\u0259ndirm\u0259k ad\u0259ti indi d\u0259 var).\n<\/p>\n
\n Sonralar b\u0259kar\u0259tini itirmi\u015f qad\u0131nla nec\u0259 davranmaq g\u0259r\u0259kliyin\u0259 dini kitablarda (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, T\u00f6vratda) m\u00fcnasib\u0259t bildirildi, c\u0259zaland\u0131rmada is\u0259 vur\u011fu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc; bel\u0259 qad\u0131nlar dini v\u0259 \u0259xlaqi qanunlar\u0131 pozmu\u015f oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 da\u015fqalaq edil\u0259c\u0259kdi.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bel\u0259likl\u0259, b\u0259kar\u0259t ideyas\u0131 iqtisadi z\u0259mind\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b, dini v\u0259 \u0259xlaqi y\u00f6n\u0259 ke\u00e7di.\n<\/p>\n
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\n M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s fahi\u015f\u0259likd\u0259n m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s bakir\u0259liy\u0259
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130lk vaxtlar \u0259sas ilahi personajlar qad\u0131n cinsind\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edildiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, dini v\u0259zif\u0259 tutanlar\u0131n da \u00e7oxu qad\u0131nlardan ibar\u0259t idi. Sumer m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 20-y\u0259 yax\u0131n rahib\u0259 sinfi vard\u0131. H\u0259r il yazda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n \u0130nanna il\u0259 Dumuzinin M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Evl\u0259nm\u0259 m\u0259rasimind\u0259, tanr\u0131 Dumuzini t\u0259msil ed\u0259n kral bir rahib\u0259 il\u0259 (tanr\u0131 \u0130nannan\u0131n \u0259v\u0259zi kimi) evl\u0259ndirilirdi. M.\u0130.\u00c7\u0131\u011f yaz\u0131r ki, ilk bel\u0259 rahib\u0259lik Ur \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 Akkad kral\u0131 I Sarqonun q\u0131z\u0131 \u015fair Enheduanna il\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Ondan sonra Sumer v\u0259 Akkadda kim kral olurdusa, onun q\u0131z\u0131 bu v\u0259zif\u0259ni yerin\u0259 yetirirdi. M\u0259b\u0259d qad\u0131nlar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u0259n say\u0131l\u0131b-se\u00e7il\u0259n t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259n olurdu. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259ri \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc halda cinsi f\u0259aliyyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan qad\u0131nlar m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 sonradan Babilistana v\u0259 Assuriyaya ke\u00e7ir. Q\u0131zlar\u0131n ail\u0259 qurark\u0259n bakir\u0259 olmas\u0131 biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q kimi q\u0259bul edilir. Heredot yaz\u0131r ki, Babilistanda \u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n q\u0131zlar m\u0259b\u0259dd\u0259 rahib\u0259liy\u0259 verilirdi. Burada onlar bir ki\u015fi il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 olmal\u0131, b\u0259kar\u0259tinin m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 pulu m\u0259b\u0259d\u0259 verib \u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259k haqq\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 erm\u0259li idi. Bu q\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u0259l olanlar\u0131 tez m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri tap\u0131r, g\u00f6z\u0259g\u0259limli olmayanlar\u0131 is\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n ill\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259b\u0259dd\u0259 qalmal\u0131 olurdu. Burada da b\u0259kar\u0259t\u0259 b\u0259sl\u0259nil\u0259n m\u00fcnasib\u0259tin maddi m\u00fcst\u0259vid\u0259 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck (Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, son zamanlara kimi bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 bir az f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 Afrikan\u0131n b\u0259zi q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qal\u0131b; q\u0131zlar \u0259r evin\u0259 aparacaqlar\u0131 cehizi b\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rini sataraq qazand\u0131qlar\u0131 pulun m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 haz\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131lar).\n<\/p>\n
\n Sumerd\u0259 \u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259n q\u0131zlardan m\u0259b\u0259d\u0259 gedib, tanr\u0131 namin\u0259 b\u0259kar\u0259tini verm\u0259k umulmay\u0131b. Sumer qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, bakir\u0259 halda \u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259n qad\u0131n, sonralar \u0259rind\u0259n bo\u015fananda, bakir\u0259 olmay\u0131b \u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n iki d\u0259f\u0259 art\u0131q t\u0259zminat almal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259b\u0259d qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n cinsi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmas\u0131 ad\u0259ti K\u0259nan \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259, oradan da \u0130srail\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 T\u00f6vratda \u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131lan hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc terminl\u0259 des\u0259k, m\u0259b\u0259d fahi\u015f\u0259liyidir. Bu pe\u015f\u0259 bir zamanlar o q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s idi ki, ki\u015fil\u0259r d\u0259 m\u0259b\u0259dd\u0259 bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 rahiblik edirdil\u0259r. Sonralar m\u0259b\u0259dd\u0259 cinsi xidm\u0259t Afrikaya, Yunan\u0131stana, Hindistana, Uzaq \u015e\u0259rq\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yay\u0131ld\u0131. Hindistanda Kama Sutra, Tantra t\u0259limi, \u00c7ind\u0259 daoist sevgi s\u0259n\u0259ti seksual xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Yunanlarda aristokrat t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yem\u0259k-i\u00e7m\u0259kli v\u0259 intellektual m\u0259zmunlu simpozionlarda (simpozium s\u00f6z\u00fc burdan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb) heteria adlanan son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 bilikli v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l qad\u0131nlardan h\u0259m d\u0259 cinsi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Yaponiyada bug\u00fcnl\u0259r\u0259 kimi g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xan gey\u015fa m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri d\u0259 m\u0259b\u0259d xidm\u0259tinin qal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130lk monoteist din \u2013 iudaizm qad\u0131nlar\u0131n ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 cinsi xidm\u0259tini h\u0259m m\u0259b\u0259d, h\u0259m d\u0259 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 tamamil\u0259 pisl\u0259yib r\u0259dd edir. B\u0259kar\u0259t m\u00f6vzusunu is\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yati m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evirir. T\u00f6vratda yaz\u0131l\u0131r ki, evl\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra ki\u015fi qad\u0131n\u0131n bakir\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dey\u0259rs\u0259, qad\u0131n da bunu r\u0259dd ed\u0259c\u0259k s\u00fcbut tapmazsa, “onu atas\u0131 evinin qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xaracaqlar. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r camaat\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131 da\u015fqalaq edib \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259k”. (Qanunun t\u0259krar\u0131: 22:20)\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u0259b\u0259d fahi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rini m\u0259b\u0259d bakir(\u0259)l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259m\u0259k \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Anadoluda yaran\u0131r. Tanr\u0131-qad\u0131n Kibelenin ke\u015fi\u015fl\u0259ri \u00f6zl\u0259rini onun ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131r, \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u0259rinin sonuna kimi evl\u0259nmir, bunun qanl\u0131 isbat\u0131 kimi Kibele il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259rasiml\u0259rd\u0259 cinsiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259sirdil\u0259r. (S\u00fcnn\u0259t d\u0259 bununla \u0259laq\u0259lidir.)\n<\/p>\n
\n Yunanlar \u0259n \u00e7ox sevdiyi tanr\u0131-qad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u2013 Vesta (Hestia), Artemida, Afina, Seleneni \u2013 bakir\u0259 halda t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edirdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131 h\u0259tta erotik n\u0259sn\u0259 kimi arzulamaq bel\u0259 c\u0259zas\u0131z \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr: Akteon marala \u00e7evrilir, Tiersias is\u0259 kor edilir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ocaq tanr\u0131s\u0131 Vestan\u0131n m\u0259b\u0259dind\u0259 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn 30 ilini burada ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259k y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 bakir\u0259-rahib\u0259l\u0259r olurdu. Onlar\u0131n b\u0259kar\u0259tini itirm\u0259l\u0259ri qorxunc bir h\u0259qar\u0259t say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, bel\u0259l\u0259rini diri-diri ev\u0259 ox\u015far bir q\u0259bird\u0259 bas\u0131d\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n
\n Yunan evlilik tanr\u0131s\u0131 Himen d\u0259 bakir bir tanr\u0131 idi. Tibbi termin kimi q\u0131zl\u0131q p\u0259rd\u0259sin\u0259 veril\u0259n \u2013 “himen” s\u00f6z\u00fc, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 bakir\u0259liyin b\u0259rpas\u0131 \u2013 himenoplastika onun ad\u0131ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb. G\u0259rd\u0259k gec\u0259si bu tanr\u0131ya h\u0259sr olundu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259, yunanlar q\u0131zl\u0131q p\u0259rd\u0259sini onun ad\u0131yla eynil\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdil\u0259r. “Himen” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn “d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259y\u0259n”, “ba\u011flayan” m\u0259nas\u0131 da var. Bizim kulturam\u0131zda da evl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u011flamaq, d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259m\u0259k m\u0259nas\u0131nda b\u0259z\u0259n zarafatla “k\u0259ndirl\u0259m\u0259k”, “ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamaq” deyilir. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, dilimizd\u0259 “toy” yem\u0259k-i\u00e7m\u0259k y\u0131\u011fna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, doymaq (doy > toy) m\u0259clisinin ad\u0131d\u0131rsa, evl\u0259nm\u0259k akt\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 yaxud m\u0259rasiminin ad\u0131 is\u0259 q\u0259dim yunanlardak\u0131 kimi “d\u00fcy\u00fcn”d\u00fcr; v\u0259 bildiyimiz kimi, bu iki hadis\u0259 dilimizd\u0259 bir yerd\u0259 “toy-d\u00fcy\u00fcn” kimi ifad\u0259 edilir. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259rasiml\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259yins\u0259 (d\u0259fnin, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin, ordunun v\u0259 s.) \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131nan, ya da oxunan musiqini bildir\u0259n “himn” s\u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 yen\u0259 toy tanr\u0131s\u0131 Himenin ad\u0131ndan yaran\u0131b. \u018ffsan\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, tanr\u0131 Dionisl\u0259 Ariadnenin toyunda Himenin s\u0259si bat\u0131r, bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 toy n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 onun ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, “himn”, toyun ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131nda v\u0259 sonunda Himenin \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131nan musiqi idis\u0259, sonralar bayaq deyildiyi kimi, ba\u015fqa m\u0259rasiml\u0259rin d\u0259 ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c musiqisin\u0259 veril\u0259n ad olub.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130udaizmd\u0259n sonra meydana g\u0259l\u0259n xristianl\u0131qda add\u0131mba\u015f\u0131 bakir\u0259lik elementl\u0259ri qabard\u0131l\u0131r; \u0130sa bakir\u0259 qad\u0131ndan do\u011fulur, onun \u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunad\u0259k bakir qal\u0131r, xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ruhani xidm\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259ri rahibl\u0259r v\u0259 rahib\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259rini kils\u0259y\u0259 “ni\u015fanlay\u0131b”, “bakir\u0259lik and\u0131” i\u00e7ib, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu cinsi p\u0259hriz saxlay\u0131rlar v\u0259 s. Seksuall\u0131q xristianl\u0131qda o d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 pisdir ki, xristian d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0130sa cinsi akt olmadan anas\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259tnin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr v\u0259 onun qoltu\u011fundan d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Bir zamanlar b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t kultu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259sl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n seksuall\u0131q, xristianl\u0131qda b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 g\u00fcnah say\u0131l\u0131r. H\u0259tta i\u015f o yer\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r ki, orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 seksual yuxu g\u00f6rm\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n bakir\u0259 rahib\u0259l\u0259r “murdarland\u0131qlar\u0131” \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6zl\u0259rini inkvizisiya m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259hvil verirdil\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n
\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259rin m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s fahi\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri kils\u0259nin m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s bakir\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.\n<\/p>\n
\n Avropada son onillikl\u0259r\u0259 kimi bakir\u0259lik ciddiy\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Almaniyada ta bu yax\u0131nlaracan sevgilisi il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan q\u0131zlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir g\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7i olurdu, h\u0259min adam\u0131 ironiya il\u0259 “Anstandswauwau”, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259d\u0259 “namus ham-ham\u0131, y\u0259ni namus iti” adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n C\u0259nn\u0259tin “\u0259l d\u0259ym\u0259mi\u015f” bakir\u0259 huril\u0259ri
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130slam \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259kar\u0259t son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 vacibdir. Quranda bu d\u00fcnyadak\u0131 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n bakir\u0259liyi haqq\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca ay\u0259 yoxdur, ancaq qad\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259kar\u0259tini itirm\u0259si zina kateqoriyas\u0131na girdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, zina il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ay\u0259l\u0259r, bel\u0259 qad\u0131nlara da aid edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Zinan\u0131n c\u0259zas\u0131 100 \u00e7ubuq olsa da, ad\u0259t\u0259n bu g\u00fcnah\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259li daha a\u011f\u0131r c\u0259zayla \u2013 da\u015fqalaqla \u00f6d\u0259nir.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259disl\u0259rd\u0259 islam pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rinin b\u0259kar\u0259t\u0259 xeyli \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verdiyi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. H\u0259min h\u0259disl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k islam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck filosofu imam Q\u0259zzali “\u0130hyau Ulumid-din” adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rinin “Qad\u0131nlarda axtar\u0131lan sif\u0259tl\u0259r” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259 b\u0259kar\u0259tin yararlar\u0131ndan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r: m\u0259lum olur ki, bakir\u0259 qad\u0131nla evl\u0259nm\u0259k daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n ilk ki\u015fisini unutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 dul qad\u0131n daim \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0259ri il\u0259 indikini m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k. O c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259li toxunmu\u015f mal kimi, \u0259l d\u0259ymi\u015f qad\u0131n da diksindirici ola bil\u0259r v\u0259 s.\n<\/p>\n
\n Tutaq ki, Q\u0259zzalinin m\u00fcasir ifad\u0259 il\u0259 des\u0259k, “second hand” qad\u0131nlar haqq\u0131nda dediyi bu fikirl\u0259r do\u011frudur. B\u0259s, n\u0259d\u0259n o, eyni fikirl\u0259ri ki\u015fil\u0259r haqq\u0131nda demir? Eyni m\u0259ntiq onlara niy\u0259 \u015famil edilmir?\n<\/p>\n
\n Ba\u015fqa bir islam filosofu N\u0259sr\u0259ddin Tusi yaz\u0131r: “Bakir\u0259 bir q\u0131z\u0131n, bakir\u0259 olmayandan \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki bakir\u0259 q\u0131z daha asanl\u0131qla ita\u0259tkar edilir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0259rinin xasiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 ist\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 daha asanl\u0131qla al\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r”.\n<\/p>\n
\n H\u0259r iki filosofun fikirl\u0259rind\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 insan yerin\u0131 qoyulmayan qad\u0131nlar n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131r, bu fikir v\u0259 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259l\u0259r ki\u015fil\u0259rin ist\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259tin\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\n M\u00fcs\u0259lman ki\u015fil\u0259r bu d\u00fcnyada dul qad\u0131nlarla da ail\u0259 qura bil\u0259rl\u0259r, ancaq o d\u00fcnyada onlar, c\u0259nn\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri halda bakir\u0259 huril\u0259rl\u0259 evl\u0259ndiril\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r: “(M\u00f6minl\u0259rin C\u0259nn\u0259td\u0259ki \u0259hval\u0131) bel\u0259dir. H\u0259l\u0259 onlar\u0131 iri (ahu) g\u00f6zl\u00fc huril\u0259rl\u0259 evl\u0259ndir\u0259c\u0259yik” (Duxan, 54). H\u0259min huril\u0259r is\u0259 n\u0259 insan, n\u0259 d\u0259 cin (!) \u0259li d\u0259ym\u0259mi\u015f, k\u00f6rp\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259b\u0259di bakir\u0259l\u0259rdir: “(C\u0259nn\u0259td\u0259) bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z \u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evirmi\u015f, daha \u00f6nc\u0259 n\u0259 insan, n\u0259 d\u0259 cinl\u0259rin toxunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu qad\u0131nlar vard\u0131r” (R\u0259hman, 56).\n<\/p>\n
\n Diqq\u0259tl\u0259 baxsaq, c\u0259nn\u0259td\u0259 huril\u0259rin ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 cinsi xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sinin, m\u0259b\u0259d fahi\u015f\u0259liyi ideyas\u0131n\u0131n islami versiyas\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259yik. H\u0259min m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259rin tanr\u0131-qad\u0131nlar\u0131 da h\u0259yatlar\u0131nda n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ki\u015fi olur-olsun, \u0259b\u0259di bakir\u0259 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu ideyan\u0131n da c\u0259nn\u0259t huril\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fahidi oluruq.\n<\/p>\n
\n \u0130randa islam inqilab\u0131ndan sonra, \u00f6l\u00fcm c\u0259zas\u0131 verilmi\u015f qad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u0259kar\u0259tini pozub edam edirdil\u0259r. S\u0259b\u0259b o idi ki, islam t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bakir\u0259l\u0259r c\u0259nn\u0259t\u0259 gedir, b\u0259kar\u0259ti pozulmu\u015f m\u0259hbus qad\u0131nlar is\u0259 b\u0259ri ba\u015fdan c\u0259nn\u0259ti itirmi\u015f olurlar.\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n Sonluq \u0259v\u0259zi
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n
\n O\u011flansev\u0259r kulturam\u0131zda, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn ail\u0259nin, h\u0259tta n\u0259slin heysiyy\u0259tinin, \u015f\u0259r\u0259f v\u0259 namusunun bir q\u0131z\u0131n “himen”ind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdiyin\u0259 inam ya\u015fay\u0131r. Na\u011f\u0131llarda divin can\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259d\u0259 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan kimi. \u015e\u00fc\u015f\u0259 q\u0131r\u0131landa div \u00f6l\u00fcrd\u00fc…\n<\/p>\n
\n P.S. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00fcn oxudum ki, Sabun\u00e7uda 14 ya\u015fl\u0131 q\u0131z anas\u0131na zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deyib, ana da q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yayl\u0131qla bo\u011fub \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u0259kar\u0259t ideyas\u0131 iqtisadi z\u0259mind\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b, dini v\u0259 \u0259xlaqi y\u00f6n\u0259 ke\u00e7di<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":64910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-177978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-menim-fikrimce","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n