{"id":176367,"date":"2016-06-02T10:40:45","date_gmt":"2016-06-02T10:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/zenginlerin-pulu-nece-sayilmali\/"},"modified":"2016-06-02T10:40:45","modified_gmt":"2016-06-02T10:40:45","slug":"zenginlerin-pulu-nece-sayilmali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/zenginlerin-pulu-nece-sayilmali\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u0259nginl\u0259rin pulu nec\u0259 say\u0131lmal\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n r\u0259smi statistikas\u0131 milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin u\u00e7otunu aparm\u0131r
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\n B\u00f6y\u00fck neft pullar\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259tirdiyi siyasi b\u0259lalar \u00e7ox \u00fczd\u0259di, onlar\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k asand\u0131: se\u00e7ki sisteminin, azad median\u0131n v\u0259 sivil toplumun s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131, uzun\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259minat ver\u0259n konstituson mexanizml\u0259rin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259hz n\u0259h\u0259ng resurs g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin \u015f\u0259ffaf (h\u0259mi\u00e7inin effektiv) istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259m\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259sidi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Asan anla\u015f\u0131ls\u0131n dey\u0259 iqtisadi f\u0259sadlar\u0131 q\u0131saca olaraq azad biznesin oliqarxiya kapital\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tam \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si kimi d\u0259 t\u0259svir etm\u0259k olar. Amma bu t\u0259svir renta idar\u0259\u00e7ilyinin c\u0259miyy\u0259timizin haz\u0131rk\u0131 sosial struktunun formala\u015fmas\u0131na, \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi perspektivl\u0259rin\u0259 hans\u0131 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259ri vurdu\u011funu ayd\u0131nlatmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yet\u0259rli deyil.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018flimizd\u0259 2005-2015-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 formala\u015fan milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin d\u0259y\u0259ri, bu s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259halinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif g\u0259lirlilik qruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda nec\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si, toplanan s\u0259rv\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qruplara g\u0259tirdiyi g\u0259lirliliyin s\u0259viyy\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 statistik m\u0259lumatlar olsa idi, havay\u0131 neft pullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259miz\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi sosial-iqtisadi b\u0259lalar\u0131n real miqyas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259r k\u0259s daha ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Reall\u0131q is\u0259 bel\u0259dir: Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n r\u0259smi statistikas\u0131 milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin u\u00e7otunu aparm\u0131r, \u0259halinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif g\u0259lirlilik qruplar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 statistik olaraq m\u00fcayin\u0259 etmir. Bizim r\u0259smi statistika \u0259halinin sosial qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259rliyini yaln\u0131z g\u0259lirl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259qdim edir. Bu statistikan\u0131n n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r etibarl\u0131 oldu\u011funu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r\u0259 diqq\u0259t edin: \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n yoxsul 20 faiz \u0259halinin adamba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259liri \u0259n z\u0259ngin 20 faiz \u0259halinin g\u0259lirind\u0259n c\u0259mi 2.2 d\u0259f\u0259 azd\u0131. Y\u0259ni, bu statistikaya g\u00f6r\u0259, yoxsul \u0259hali ayda adamba\u015f\u0131na 180 manat, varl\u0131 insanlar 400 manat qazana bilir.\n<\/p>\n

\n T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259tinin d\u0259y\u0259ri milyardlarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259n onlarla, milyonlarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259n y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 ail\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 var, o biri t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k pulu u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan on minl\u0259rl\u0259 ail\u0259 var. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 yuxar\u0131 \u0259hali qruplar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259ri aras\u0131nda f\u0259rqin 100 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 g\u0259lir b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyinin c\u0259mi 2 d\u0259f\u0259 olmas\u0131na inanmamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis olma\u011fa bel\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdu. \u018fg\u0259r qon\u015funuzun 300-400 min dollarl\u0131q m\u0259nzil fondu, 100-150 min dollar d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 avtomobil park\u0131, bankda 200-250 min dollar \u0259man\u0259ti varsa, siz is\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 60-70 min dollarl\u0131q m\u0259nzil\u0259 sahibsinizs\u0259, statistikan\u0131n \u201cyoxsullar\u0131n v\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259rin g\u0259lirl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq 2 d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edir\u201d hesabat\u0131na he\u00e7 bir m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis r\u0259yi oxumadan bel\u0259 \u0259linizi yell\u0259yib g\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259ksiniz. Statistikan\u0131n yazd\u0131qlar\u0131na deyil, \u00f6z g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259riniz\u0259 inanmaqda haql\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u018fn az\u0131 \u00fczd\u0259 olan m\u0259lumatlarla bu qon\u015funuzla sizin s\u0259rv\u0259tin d\u0259y\u0259ri aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq 10 d\u0259f\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7oxdu. S\u0259rv\u0259t is\u0259 insanlar\u0131n g\u0259lirl\u0259rind\u0259n formala\u015f\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r z\u0259ngin qon\u015funuzdan 10 d\u0259f\u0259 az qazan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131zsa, zamanla sahib olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin d\u0259y\u0259ri d\u0259 buna uy\u011fun formala\u015facaq.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u00f6vzu \u0259slind\u0259 g\u0259lir b\u0259rab\u0259rliyi yox, s\u0259rv\u0259t y\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131ndak\u0131 qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259rlikdi: Az\u0259rbaycanda s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyin real miqyas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131 hipotezalardan, informasiyalardan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259k olar? \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin \u00f6z\u0259l sektora (ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131 v\u0259 biznes) aid olan hiss\u0259sinin ehtimal olunan real d\u0259y\u0259ri n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ola bil\u0259r?\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259lumat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyim ki, haz\u0131rda h\u0259tta inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik qalmaqdad\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u0259\u015fhur frans\u0131z iqtida\u00e7\u0131 Tomas Pikketinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, haz\u0131rda Fransada milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin 60 faizi \u0259n z\u0259ngin 10 faiz \u0259hali qrupunun \u0259lind\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259nir, \u0259n yoxsul 50 faiz s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin 4 faizin\u0259, 40 faiz orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 is\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin 36 faizin\u0259 sahibdir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259sas \u00f6z\u0259lliyi orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259 ciddi bir paya malik olmas\u0131d\u0131. Halbuki 100 il \u0259vv\u0259l s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin 95 faiz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259ri z\u0259ngin 10 faiz \u0259hali k\u0259simin\u0259 m\u0259nsub idi. Son 100 ild\u0259 \u0259n ciddi ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 z\u0259ngin 10 faizd\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli pay qoparmas\u0131 olub. \u018fn yoxsul 50 faizin pay\u0131nda is\u0259 he\u00e7 bir d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin ba\u015f verm\u0259m\u0259si ciddi problem olaraq qal\u0131r\u0131q. Amma \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, \u00f6t\u0259n 100 ild\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259tin d\u0259y\u0259ri on d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 artd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kas\u0131b 50 faizin adamba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n s\u0259rv\u0259tin d\u0259y\u0259ri yoxsul \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin eyni qrupuna aid g\u00f6st\u0259ricid\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7oxdur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bel\u0259 bir statistikan\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu biz\u0259 yuxu kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Normalda \u00f6lk\u0259nin vergi sisteminin v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak \u00fczr\u0259 reyestrin m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 h\u0259m biznes, h\u0259m d\u0259 qeyri-biznes t\u0259yinatl\u0131 da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak\u0131n (bina v\u0259 tikilil\u0259r, h\u0259m\u00e7inin torpaq) d\u0259y\u0259ri haqda real m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verm\u0259lidi. Amma bir \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259 ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak\u0131n bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f olsun. \u00c7ox t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259mlak\u0131n bazar d\u0259y\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n mexanizml\u0259r t\u0259tbiq edilmir: ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f fondu (h\u0259m torpaq, h\u0259m d\u0259 tikilil\u0259r) sah\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, qeyri-ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u0259yinatl\u0131 \u0259sas fondlar (h\u0259m\u00e7inin binalar) qal\u0131q d\u0259y\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir n\u0259f\u0259rin Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 real bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri 200-250 min manat olan (sah\u0259si 300 kvadratmetr) m\u0259nzili, real bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri 500-600 min manat olan, amma 10 illik istismar m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259n sonra haz\u0131rk\u0131 orta illik qal\u0131q d\u0259y\u0259ri 150 min manat olan biznes obyekti var. Bu \u015f\u0259xs real bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri 700-800 min manat olan m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ild\u0259 c\u0259mi 1620 manat \u0259mlak vergisi \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k (m\u0259nzilin h\u0259r kavdratmetri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 0.4 manat+kommersiya obyektinin orta illik qal\u0131q d\u0259y\u0259rinin 1 faizi). Halbuki haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyada \u0259mlak vergisinin d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si \u0259mlak\u0131n t\u0259yinat\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq onun bazar d\u0259y\u0259rinin 0.5-1 faiz interval\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fir. Az\u0259rbaycanda 0.5 faizlik orta vergi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si t\u0259tbiq edils\u0259, 700 min manat real bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri olan m\u00fclk\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 3500 manat \u0259mlak vergisi tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u0259mlak\u0131n bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri il\u0259 vergiy\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259n 2 z\u0259rb\u0259 al\u0131r\u0131q: 1) \u0259n\u00a0 az\u0131ndan \u0259mlak vergisind\u0259n b\u00fcdc\u0259 2.5 d\u0259f\u0259 itirir; 2) da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak formas\u0131nda milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin real d\u0259y\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 statistik m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmur.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u0259s Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259nzil fondunun real bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ola bil\u0259r? Hans\u0131 ipucuna \u0259l atsan, yazacaqlar\u0131m\u0131z v\u0259 hesablamalar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ox subyektiv olacaq. Haz\u0131rda \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 2 milyon m\u0259nzil var ki, onun t\u0259xmin\u0259n 25 faizi son 20 ild\u0259 (1995-2015-ci ill\u0259r) tikilib. R\u0259smi statistikaya g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 h\u0259min m\u0259nzill\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 15 milyard dollar s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoyulub. M\u0259nzilin real bazar d\u0259y\u0259ri onun investisiya qoyulu\u015fu \u0259sas\u0131nda hesablanan istismar d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259n orta hesabla 2-2.5 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ox oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, t\u0259kc\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qillik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yaranan m\u0259nzil fondunun d\u0259y\u0259rinin 30-35 milyard dollardan az olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 real g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. M\u0259nzill\u0259rin yerd\u0259 qalan 75 faizinin sovetl\u0259r d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 tikil\u0259n k\u00f6hn\u0259, xeyli hiss\u0259sinin d\u0259 istismar m\u00fcdd\u0259ti ke\u00e7mi\u015f m\u0259nzill\u0259r oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, sah\u0259c\u0259 3 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ox olmas\u0131na r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 halda yeni yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259nzil fondu q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 malik ola bil\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r bu kobud hesablaman\u0131n riyazi d\u0259qiqliyi he\u00e7 olmazsa 70-80% olsa, onda milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olan m\u0259nzil fondunun d\u0259y\u0259rinin 65-70 milyard manat oldu\u011funu iddia etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u0259s bisnes \u0259sasl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tin real d\u0259y\u0259rini nec\u0259 hesablamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr? \u201c21-ci \u0259srd\u0259 Kapital\u201d \u0259s\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259llifi Piketti t\u0259klif edir ki, \u0259g\u0259r hans\u0131sa \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 vergi \u00fczr\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin bu hiss\u0259sinin d\u0259y\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan vermirs\u0259, o halda \u00f6z\u0259l s\u0259rmay\u0259l\u0259rin d\u0259y\u0259rini \u0259sas m\u0259lumat bazas\u0131 kimi istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bank-s\u0131\u011forta sektoru \u00fczr\u0259 s\u0259rv\u0259tin d\u0259y\u0259rini hesablamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnki pis-yax\u015f\u0131 ortada hesabatlar var. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bank-s\u0131\u011forta \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t pay\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almasaq, \u00f6z\u0259l \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259xsus aktivl\u0259rin d\u0259y\u0259ri 3.5 milyard manata yax\u0131nd\u0131. Bu d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 sahibl\u0259rin s\u0259hm v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak, na\u011fd pul formas\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn aktivl\u0259r daxildir.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u00d6z\u0259l sektora m\u0259xsus qida v\u0259 i\u00e7ki sektorunda, emal s\u0259nayesind\u0259, turizm v\u0259 restoran biznesind\u0259, ticar\u0259t v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat xidm\u0259ti sektorunda, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda son 20 ild\u0259 25 milyard dollara yax\u0131n \u0259sas fondlar yaran\u0131b. Biznes obyektl\u0259rinin d\u0259 real bazar d\u0259y\u0259rinin onlar\u0131n investisiya qoyulu\u015fu \u0259sas\u0131nda hesablanan istismar d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259n orta hesabla 2-3 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7ox oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, \u0259sas biznes sektorlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 maddi aktivl\u0259rin real bazar d\u0259y\u0259rinin 50 milyard dollardan az olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ehtimal etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\n<\/p>\n

\n Avtomobil park\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259rini d\u0259 bura daxil etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131, son 2005-2015-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin avtomobil park\u0131 2 d\u0259f\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7ox geni\u015fl\u0259nib. Minik avtomobill\u0259rinin say\u0131 550 min \u0259d\u0259d\u0259 yax\u0131n art\u0131b ki, bunun t\u0259xmin\u0259n 450 min \u0259d\u0259di MDB istehsal\u0131 olmayan xarici ma\u015f\u0131nlard\u0131r. \u00d6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259n az\u0131 60-70 min \u0259d\u0259d d\u0259y\u0259ri 30-40 min dollardan 200-250 min dollarad\u0259k olan bahal\u0131 ma\u015f\u0131nlar \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 daxil olub.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yerd\u0259 qal\u0131r maliyy\u0259 aktivl\u0259ri. \u00d6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 fond bazar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131zlar formas\u0131nda maliyy\u0259 aktivl\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259ri haqda da dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131n yeri yoxdu. Az\u0259rbaycanda maliyy\u0259 aktivl\u0259rinin \u0259sas formas\u0131 banklarda saxlanan depozitl\u0259rdir \u2013 h\u0259m ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259man\u0259tl\u0259ri, h\u0259m d\u0259 korporativ depozitl\u0259rdir. Depozitl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi h\u0259cmi 15 milyard dollard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, yaln\u0131z \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l biznes\u0259 v\u0259 ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131na m\u0259xsus maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 qeyri-maliyy\u0259 aktivl\u0259rinin t\u0259xmini d\u0259y\u0259ri 125-130 milyard dollardan az deyil. Lakin bura yaln\u0131z Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259ki aktivl\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259ri daxildir, xaricd\u0259 bisnes m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmza \u0259mlak v\u0259 qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131zlara yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n, banklarda v\u0259 investisiya fondlar\u0131nda saxlanan v\u0259saitl\u0259rin real miqyas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k, h\u0259tta t\u0259xminl\u0259r etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.\n<\/p>\n

\n Haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 mill s\u0259rv\u0259tin m\u0259cmu d\u0259y\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259nin birillik mill g\u0259lirinin 4-7 misli aras\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycanda haz\u0131rda r\u0259smi statistikaya g\u00f6r\u0259, milli g\u0259lirin illik h\u0259cmi 35 milyard dollar \u0259traf\u0131ndad\u0131, \u201ck\u00f6lg\u0259 iqtisadiyyat\u0131\u201dn\u0131n 40-45 faiz t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif hesablamar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, t\u0259xmin\u0259n 50 miyard dollard\u0131. D\u00fcnyada m\u00f6vcud olan bu standartdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ets\u0259k, Az\u0259rbaycanda milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin real d\u0259y\u0259ri 250-300 milyard dollar \u0259traf\u0131ndad\u0131. D\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259xsus m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tinin, t\u0259bii resurslar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 aktivl\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmazsa, bu s\u0259rv\u0259tin yerd\u0259 qalan hiss\u0259si \u00f6z\u0259l sektora v\u0259 ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131na m\u0259xsusdur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin real d\u0259y\u0259ri haqda t\u0259xmini d\u0259 olsa m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr varsa, qar\u015f\u0131ya n\u00f6vb\u0259ti sual \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r: milli s\u0259rv\u0259t (t\u0259bii ki, \u00f6z\u0259l sektora m\u0259xsus olan hiss\u0259si) \u0259halinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda nec\u0259 payla\u015f\u0131b? M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259halinin \u0259n yoxsul 10 faizi, 20 faizi, 50 faizin\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259n z\u0259ngin 1 faizin\u0259, 10 faizin\u0259, bu iki sinfin ortas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n 40 faizin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n s\u0259rv\u0259tin d\u0259y\u0259ri n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rdir?\n<\/p>\n

\n R\u0259smi statistika, vergi v\u0259 \u0259mlak\u0131n reyestr sistemi il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin real d\u0259y\u0259rini, s\u0259rv\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn miqyas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259kd\u0259 siyasi bax\u0131mdan maraql\u0131 deyil. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u00f6z\u0259l sektora m\u0259xsus milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin real d\u0259y\u0259ri m\u0259lum olsa, insanlar \u00f6zl\u0259rinin v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n real sahib olduqlar\u0131 haqda daha ayd\u0131n bilgiy\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 imkan\u0131na malik olacaqlar. 2005-ci ild\u0259 qanunun q\u0259buluna r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259li \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 qeyri-maliyy\u0259 formas\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti, h\u0259m\u00e7inin g\u0259lirl\u0259ri bar\u0259sind\u0259 b\u0259yannam\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259sind\u0259n yay\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 budur: onlar\u0131n h\u0259tta g\u0259lir v\u0259 \u0259mlak\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259sini gizl\u0259dib az qismini leqalla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131 bel\u0259 xatal\u0131d\u0131. \u0130xtiyari varl\u0131 bir m\u0259murun sahib oldu\u011fu 1 m\u0259nzil v\u0259 1 ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259rinin bel\u0259 onlar\u0131n r\u0259smi qazanclar\u0131 m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 \u00e7ox baha olmas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xacaq.\n<\/p>\n

\n Milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin d\u0259 real d\u0259y\u0259ri ayd\u0131nla\u015fsa, m\u0259lum olacaq ki, r\u0259smi g\u0259lirl\u0259r hesab\u0131na biznes v\u0259 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r indiki q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259rv\u0259t\u0259 malik ola bilm\u0259zl\u0259r, yaxud s\u0259rv\u0259tin indiki d\u0259y\u0259ri m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 biznesin qazanclar\u0131na, ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n\u0131n sahib olduqlar\u0131 m\u00fclkl\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259dikl\u0259ri vergil\u0259ri q\u0259pik d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259di.\n<\/p>\n

\n B\u0259s s\u0259v\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn real \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rini t\u0259xmini d\u0259 olsa hans\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259ricl\u0259r, informasiyalar v\u0259 ya meyarlar \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k olar? Burda 2 yana\u015fma ola bil\u0259r: 1) sad\u0259-populyar yana\u015fma; 2) s\u0259rv\u0259t haqda b\u0259zi r\u0259smi statistik m\u0259lumatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda pe\u015f\u0259kar yana\u015fma.\n<\/p>\n

\n Sad\u0259 populyar yana\u015fma budur ki, h\u0259r k\u0259s tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259n z\u0259ngin qohumunun, dostunun, tan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sahib olduqlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn malik olduqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda f\u0259rq\u0259 bax\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z v\u0259 i\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rind\u0259 varl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259murunun, i\u015f adam\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n s\u0259rv\u0259tinin (m\u0259nzil, avtomobil, biznes obyekti v\u0259 s.) d\u0259y\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn sahib oldu\u011funuz ox\u015far m\u00fclkl\u0259rin d\u0259y\u0259rini m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edirs\u0259n, n\u0259tic\u0259 real v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan ver\u0259c\u0259k.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fl\u00e7atan statistik m\u0259lumatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda s\u0259rv\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259yin etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn pe\u015f\u0259kar yana\u015fma nec\u0259 ola bil\u0259r? Banklarda olan depozitl\u0259rin konsentrasiyas\u0131, banklardan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n kreditl\u0259rin konsentrasiyas\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259nin ma\u015f\u0131n park\u0131nda z\u0259ngin insanlar\u0131n maddi imkanlar\u0131na uy\u011fun avtomobill\u0259rin x\u00fcsusi \u00e7\u0259kisi, milli g\u0259lirin \u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259rmay\u0259 g\u0259lirl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc \u0259sas\u0131nda s\u0259rv\u0259tin konsentrasiya s\u0259viyy\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hipotetik r\u0259q\u0259m s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k olar.\n<\/p>\n

\n M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 2015-ci ilin yekunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, bank sekoru \u00fczr\u0259 kreditl\u0259rin 41 faizin\u0259 sahib olan 3 n\u0259h\u0259ng bank (\u201cKapitalBank\u201d, Beyn\u0259lxalq Bank v\u0259 \u201cXalqBank\u201d) \u00fczr\u0259 kredit konsentrasiyas\u0131 60 faizd\u0259n \u00e7oxdur. Bu 3 bank\u0131n ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 8 milyard manat kreditin 5 milyard manat\u0131 v\u0259 ya 63 faizi 53 borcg\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b. \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 v\u0259 biznes strukturlar\u0131 qismind\u0259 potensial olaraq kredit\u0259 iddia ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k 2.5 milyona yax\u0131n subyekt var, amma banklardan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n kredit resurslar\u0131n\u0131n 60 faizd\u0259n \u00e7oxuna b\u00fct\u00fcn subyektl\u0259tin h\u0259tta 0.1 faizd\u0259n az hiss\u0259si s\u0259r\u0259ncam verir.\n<\/p>\n

\n T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, depozit konsentrasiyas\u0131 haqda banklarda m\u0259lumat olmur. Amma bug\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 bir bankdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m m\u0259lumata g\u00f6r\u0259, 2015-ci ild\u0259 bankda olan 1.2 milyard manata yax\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri hesab\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 80 faiz c\u0259mi 13 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259riy\u0259 m\u0259xsus olub. \u018fslind\u0259 kreditl\u0259rin v\u0259 depozitl\u0259rin \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik qrupun (ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 biznes subyektl\u0259rinin 0.1 faizd\u0259n d\u0259 az hiss\u0259sinin) \u0259lind\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259si s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259m\u0259rk\u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hipotetik ideyalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 2-3 g\u00f6st\u0259ricid\u0259n biridir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yaxud say\u0131 milyonu \u00f6t\u0259n minik avtomobili park\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn ail\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcftlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 halda 5 faizinin say\u0131na uy\u011fun (maksimum 100 min ail\u0259) y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 30-40 min dollardan \u00e7ox) v\u0259 z\u0259ngin ail\u0259l\u0259rin maddi imkanlar\u0131na uy\u011fun bahal\u0131 avtomobil park\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fslind\u0259 d\u00fcnyada s\u0259rv\u0259t t\u0259m\u0259rk\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259si hesablanark\u0259n \u0259n z\u0259ngin 10 faiz \u0259hali qrupu g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.\u00a0 Bizd\u0259 bu t\u0259xmin\u0259n 200 min ail\u0259 edir \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycanda bu sayda z\u0259ngin ail\u0259nin oldu\u011fu q\u0259tiyy\u0259n real g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr. Real f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vriyy\u0259y\u0259 malik biznes obyektl\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6y\u00fck qazanca sahib m\u0259mur hey\u0259tinin say\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanda, bu r\u0259q\u0259m 50-100 min interval\u0131nda ola bil\u0259r \u2013 y\u0259ni ail\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n\u0131n maksimum 5 faizi. Yuxar\u0131da h\u0259m kreditl\u0259rin t\u0259m\u0259rk\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259si, h\u0259m bahal\u0131 avtomobil park\u0131n\u0131n miqyas\u0131 da z\u0259ngin 5 faizlik top ail\u0259 haqq\u0131nda fikir y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, \u00f6t\u0259n il D\u00fcnya Bank\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259halini g\u0259lirliliy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bu c\u00fcr t\u0259snif etmi\u015fdi: 5 faiz yoxsul, 66 faiz yoxsulluqdan \u00e7\u0131xsa da, orta sinf\u0259 daxil ola bilm\u0259y\u0259n h\u0259ssas \u0259hali qrupu, 29 faiz orta t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259.\n<\/p>\n

\n Milli g\u0259lird\u0259n kapital\u0131n v\u0259 muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin aldl\u011f\u0131 pay da s\u0259rv\u0259t qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259rliyini qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm indikatordu.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n http:\/\/rovsanaghayev.blogspot.com\/2016\/06\/srvt-qeyri-brabrliyi-znginlrin-pulunu.html
\n <\/b>
\n <\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n r\u0259smi statistikas\u0131 milli s\u0259rv\u0259tin u\u00e7otunu aparm\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":59236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-176367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analitika","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZ\u0259nginl\u0259rin pulu nec\u0259 say\u0131lmal\u0131? - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/zenginlerin-pulu-nece-sayilmali\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Z\u0259nginl\u0259rin pulu nec\u0259 say\u0131lmal\u0131? 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