{"id":174537,"date":"2016-03-22T18:40:10","date_gmt":"2016-03-22T18:40:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/svetlana-aleksiyevic-indi-anladim-xalq-niye-susur\/"},"modified":"2016-03-22T18:40:10","modified_gmt":"2016-03-22T18:40:10","slug":"svetlana-aleksiyevic-indi-anladim-xalq-niye-susur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/svetlana-aleksiyevic-indi-anladim-xalq-niye-susur\/","title":{"rendered":"Svetlana Aleksiyevi\u00e7: ”\u0130ndi anlad\u0131m xalq niy\u0259 susur”"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n
\n
\n Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 laureat\u0131, belarus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Svetlana Aleksiyevi\u00e7 mart\u0131n 8-d\u0259 \u201cDeutsch Welle\u201dy\u0259 m\u00fcsahib\u0259 verib.
\n <\/i>
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n Ham\u0131 azadl\u0131q ist\u0259yir, ancaq o nem\u0259tin g\u00f6yd\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb g\u0259lm\u0259sini arzulay\u0131rlar
\n <\/b>
\n \n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – K\u00f6lnd\u0259ki \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda soyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259nin yenid\u0259n ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dediniz. Bunu m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7ox yazm\u0131\u015f bir insan kimimi hiss edirsiniz?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Xeyr, bunu orda, b\u00fct\u00fcn hadis\u0259l\u0259rin girdab\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f birisi kimi hiss edir\u0259m. \u00c7\u00fcnki, Belarus d\u00fcnyada Rusiyayla \u0259n s\u0131x ba\u011flar\u0131 olan \u00f6lk\u0259dir. Fikrimc\u0259 Belarus rus t\u0259sirin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 rus t\u0259sirin\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q, Avropaya \u00e7\u0131xan yegan\u0259 d\u0259hlizdir. Rusiyada n\u0259 ba\u015f vers\u0259 bizd\u0259 \u00e7ox g\u00fccl\u00fc hiss olunur. Soyulmu\u015f, aldad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n nifr\u0259ti \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa yer axtar\u0131r. V\u0259 bu nifr\u0259t toplanma prossesi kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 xaric\u0259, xarici d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirilir, insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259ri militarla\u015f\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n – Daha do\u011frusu nifr\u0259t uydurulmu\u015f xarici d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 do\u011fru y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirilir?
\n <\/b><\/p>\n

– \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259. Bu daxild\u0259 toplan\u0131b partlay\u0131\u015f yarada bil\u0259c\u0259k enerjinin xaric\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey deyil. Onu Putin k\u0259\u015ff etm\u0259yib, \u0259ksin\u0259 siyasi klassikad\u0131r v\u0259 \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox q\u0259diml\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259ri m\u0259lumdur.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Siz Rusiya prezidentinin ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kdiniz. \u0130ndi \u00e7oxlar\u0131 Putin avtokratiyas\u0131ndan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r . Ancaq avtokratiya hans\u0131sa vakkumda m\u00f6vcud olmur. Putinin reytinqi g\u00fcn-g\u00fcnd\u0259n art\u0131r…
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – M\u0259nim \u201cKollektiv Putin\u201d adl\u0131 bir m\u0259qal\u0259m \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Orda yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131m ki, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 he\u00e7 d\u0259 Putind\u0259 deyil. Putin sad\u0259c\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc al\u00e7ald\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, soyulmu\u015f, aldad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hiss ed\u0259n bir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin ill\u0259rl\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arzusudur (b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 ayd\u0131n, b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q).
\n
\n Perestroykan\u0131 el\u0259y\u0259n bizl\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 sual verirdik: \u201cNiy\u0259 xalq susur?\u201d M\u0259n Rusiyaya s\u0259f\u0259r ed\u0259nd\u0259, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin i\u00e7in\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 bu sual\u0131n cavab\u0131n\u0131 tapd\u0131m: \u00e7\u00fcnki xalq n\u0259 ba\u015f verdiyini anlama\u011fa macal tapmay\u0131b, o ba\u015f ver\u0259nl\u0259ri g\u00f6zl\u0259mirmi\u015f. Perestroykan\u0131 Qorba\u00e7ovun ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 SSR\u0130-nin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin ziyal\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdi. B\u0259s yerd\u0259 qalan xalq? \u0130nsanlar d\u0259rin ruh d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 idil\u0259r. Kapitalizm filan da ist\u0259mirdil\u0259r. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, bu rus mentall\u0131\u011f\u0131na uy\u011fun deyildi… Ancaq o g\u00fcn ki, Putin dil\u0259 g\u0259lib dedi: \u201c\u018ftraf\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 doludur, biz g\u00fccl\u00fc olmal\u0131y\u0131q, biz\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t qoymal\u0131d\u0131rlar\u201d, – ham\u0131 bu s\u00f6zd\u0259n \u00f6z pay\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc, yerin\u0259 oturdu. Bax, bel\u0259c\u0259 insanlar ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131n yolunu tapd\u0131lar, yenid\u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc xalq olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir yer\u0259 topla\u015fd\u0131lar.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Nobel nitqinizd\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z iki faci\u0259d\u0259n b\u0259hs etdiniz: onlardan biri Sovet imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcqutuna apar\u0131b \u00e7\u0131xaran sosial faci\u0259 (el\u0259 indi ondan dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131q), ikincsi is\u0259 \u00c7ernobl faci\u0259si adland\u0131r\u0131lan kosmik faci\u0259dir. Bu il \u00c7ernobl faci\u0259sinin 30-cu il d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc tamam olur. Bu g\u00fcn \u00c7ernobl sizin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 dem\u0259kdir?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – Son on ild\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015f dostlar\u0131m\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ngd\u0259n \u00f6l\u00fcbl\u0259r. El\u0259 bir g\u00fcn olmay\u0131b ki, tan\u0131\u015flar\u0131mdan hardasa kimins\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 tutuldu\u011funu, ya da \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc e\u015fitm\u0259yim. Bunun ba\u015f ver\u0259c\u0259yi h\u0259l\u0259 lap \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n, \u00c7ernobl AES-d\u0259ki q\u0259zan\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda bir \u00e7ox aliml\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n deyilirdi. Onlar deyirdil\u0259r ki, q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259r zamanla azald\u0131qca, yerini i\u00e7diyimiz su il\u0259, yediyimiz yem\u0259kl\u0259, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hava il\u0259 b\u0259d\u0259nimiz\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n ki\u00e7ik dozal\u0131 radiasiyadan qaynaqlanan \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259r\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259k. V\u0259 indi h\u0259min \u015feyi ya\u015famaqday\u0131q. Hakimiyy\u0259t buna g\u00f6z yumma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, \u00f6zl\u0259ri-\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 ayr\u0131ca t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat yarad\u0131blar, Luka\u015fenko \u00f6z s\u00fcfr\u0259sin\u0259 sa\u011flam qidalar d\u00fcz\u00fcr, yerd\u0259 qalan xalq is\u0259 ma\u011fazalarda sat\u0131lanlardan yeyir… Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u201c\u00c7ernobl bitib\u201d dem\u0259k olmaz. Biz h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00c7ernoblda ya\u015fay\u0131r\u0131q v\u0259 bu \u0259b\u0259dilik davam ed\u0259c\u0259k.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n \u201cEl\u0259 bilirdik demokratiya \u00f6z ayaqlar\u0131 il\u0259 g\u0259lib evimiz\u0259 daxil olacaq\u201d
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n – Siz Belarusiyada i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259, yazma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Ordak\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259t is\u0259, yumu\u015faq des\u0259k siz\u0259 ac\u0131m\u0131r. Sizi susdururlar, oxucularla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u0259niz\u0259 imkan vermirl\u0259r. B\u0259s niy\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 orda ya\u015fama\u011fa davam edirsiniz?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – M\u0259n 12 il xaricd\u0259 ya\u015fayandan sonra Belarusiyaya qay\u0131td\u0131m. M\u0259n evind\u0259 ya\u015famaq ist\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya\u015famal\u0131 olan birisiy\u0259m. Ax\u0131 indi yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u201cs\u0259sl\u0259rin roman\u0131\u201dn\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131mdak\u0131 havada u\u00e7u\u015fan insan s\u0259sl\u0259rind\u0259n, s\u00f6hb\u0259t etdiyim, k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259, taksid\u0259, bazarda qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131m insanlardan t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n e\u015fitdiyim s\u0259sl\u0259rd\u0259n lent\u0259 yazd\u0131r\u0131ram… Bel\u0259 ki, \u015f\u0259xsi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 (n\u0259v\u0259m Belarusiyada b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259kd\u0259dir, bir insan kimi onun yan\u0131nda olmaq ist\u0259yir\u0259m), pe\u015f\u0259ml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rim d\u0259 var. M\u0259n evimd\u0259 ya\u015famaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qay\u0131td\u0131m. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, Putinin \u0259sl \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sind\u0259n yar\u0131m il \u00f6nc\u0259 qay\u0131td\u0131m, onda bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Moskvan\u0131n proqram\u0131 tam a\u00e7\u0131ql\u0131\u011fa qovu\u015fmu\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn maskalar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc… Sonradan anlad\u0131q ki, bu 20 il \u0259rzind\u0259 haz\u0131rlan\u0131b. Biz saf romantikl\u0259r idik, b\u00fct\u00fcn anlamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z burdan g\u0259lir. Biz el\u0259 bilirdik, demokratiya \u00f6z ayaqlar\u0131 il\u0259 g\u0259lib, evimizin i\u00e7in\u0259 daxil olacaq, – bax ona g\u00f6r\u0259 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259: \u201cAzadl\u0131q! Azadl\u0131q!\u201d \u2013 dey\u0259 q\u0131\u015fq\u0131r\u0131r\u0131q.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – Maraql\u0131d\u0131r, b\u0259s ail\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259riniz, \u0259n do\u011fma adamlar\u0131n\u0131z demokratiya haqda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinizi payla\u015f\u0131rlarm\u0131?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – M\u0259nc\u0259 yox. Valideynl\u0259rim fikirl\u0259rimi b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr. Atam kommunist olub, o partiya biletind\u0259n ayr\u0131la bilm\u0259yib. Bunun sad\u0259 izah\u0131 var. \u0130nsanlar h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131blar (ax\u0131 sovet d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 bel\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 deyirdil\u0259r: sosialist d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259si). A\u011fl\u0131na da g\u0259tir\u0259 bilm\u0259zdin ki, insan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259d\u0259n bay\u0131ra buraxayd\u0131lar, o azad olayd\u0131. Bel\u0259 \u015fey olmazd\u0131. H\u0259r k\u0259s o \u0259tal\u0259tli h\u0259yat\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 n\u0259s\u0259 bir f\u0259nd, bir b\u0259ra\u0259t, bir oyuq, hans\u0131sa l\u0259yaq\u0259ti qoruyub saxlamaq yolu fikirl\u0259\u015fib tap\u0131rd\u0131. Bu insan\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tind\u0259 var. Meydanlara olduqca az adam \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. Tutaq ki, Belarusiyadak\u0131 insanlar Ukrayna Maydan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcl\u0259r, qan\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcl\u0259r, yanan ma\u015f\u0131n t\u0259k\u0259rl\u0259rini g\u00f6rd\u00fcl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, qorxdular. Ham\u0131 azadl\u0131q ist\u0259yir, ancaq o nem\u0259tin g\u00f6yd\u0259n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb g\u0259lm\u0259sini arzulay\u0131rlar. Ax\u0131 bel\u0259 olmur.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – \u201cSekond-hand zaman\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7\u0131xandan sonra \u201cq\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 insan\u201d\u0131n \u0259hvalat\u0131n\u0131n ax\u0131ra kimi yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 demi\u015fdiniz. Do\u011furdanm\u0131 o yaz\u0131l\u0131b qurtar\u0131b?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – M\u0259n n\u0259 bacar\u0131ramsa deyib qurtarm\u0131\u015fam. Ancaq bu yeni kitab\u0131mda Rusiya qazan\u0131nda bi\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259 olan n\u0259 is\u0259 yeni v\u0259 qorxunc bir \u015feyin s\u0259si g\u0259lir, – bu bizim azadl\u0131q adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fey deyil. Bizim \u00e7oxlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0131naq olacaq bir \u015fey haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara baxmayaraq \u201cq\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 insan\u201d \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b getm\u0259kd\u0259dir. D\u00fczd\u00fcr, onun gedi\u015fi b\u0259db\u0259xtlik, b\u00f6y\u00fck qanla m\u00fc\u015fay\u0259t olunur. Ax\u0131 \u0130mperiya bir an\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 ya da, be\u015f-on il\u0259 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131b ged\u0259 bilm\u0259z.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n – \u0130ndi n\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirsiniz?
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n – \u0130ndi \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 \u00e7ox yor\u011funam, \u00e7\u0259tin ki, gedib hans\u0131sa m\u00fcharib\u0259nin i\u00e7ind\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259m, ondan yazam. Daha bu c\u00fcr insan \u00e7\u0131l\u011f\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tama\u015fa ed\u0259 bilm\u0259r\u0259m. \u00c7\u0259k\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yim \u0259zab limitini, \u00e7\u0259kib qurtarm\u0131\u015fam, bu bir yana, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 bir insan\u0131n o birini hans\u0131 haqla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259 bildiyi a\u011fl\u0131ma s\u0131\u011f\u0131\u015fm\u0131r. Bu barbarl\u0131qd\u0131r. M\u0259n\u0259 el\u0259 g\u0259lir XXI \u0259srd\u0259 ideyalar vuru\u015fmal\u0131yd\u0131, insanlar deyil. G\u0259r\u0259k bir-birimizl\u0259 dil tapaq, s\u00f6hb\u0259ti \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r apar\u0131b \u00e7\u0131xartmayaq. Dem\u0259li h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 XX \u0259sr davam edir. B\u0259lk\u0259 t\u0259qvimd\u0259 o \u00e7oxdan gedib, bizs\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 XX \u0259srd\u0259yik v\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259lik d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259mi\u015fik.
\n
\n Ancaq insan t\u0259kc\u0259 sosial yaxud ideya varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 deyil. O daha b\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u015feydir. B\u0259s h\u0259yat n\u0259yin \u0259traf\u0131nda f\u0131rlan\u0131r? \u0130ki \u015feyin: Sevgi v\u0259 \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn. M\u0259ns\u0259 indi iki kitab \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir\u0259m, ist\u0259yir\u0259m iki kitab hal\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131xs\u0131n: biri Sevgi, o biri Qocal\u0131q haqda.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etdi: Namiq H\u00fcseynli
\n
\n Kultura.az
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