{"id":168125,"date":"2015-05-29T10:55:15","date_gmt":"2015-05-29T10:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/article\/vetendas-institutu-niye-ehemiyyetini-itirir\/"},"modified":"2015-05-29T10:55:15","modified_gmt":"2015-05-29T10:55:15","slug":"vetendas-institutu-niye-ehemiyyetini-itirir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/vetendas-institutu-niye-ehemiyyetini-itirir\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f institutu niy\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirir?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti iqtisadi terminologiya il\u0259 des\u0259k, icar\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir
\n <\/i>\n<\/p>\n

\n Demokratik idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin yaranmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f institutunun laz\u0131m\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 vacibdir. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f dedikd\u0259, siyasi icman\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si olan v\u0259 onun idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturam. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n g\u00fccl\u00fc olmas\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 faktorla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 onun qanunvericilyi v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fa imkan verm\u0259lidir ki, o, siyasi idar\u0259\u00e7ilikd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etsin, y\u0259ni siyasi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etsin. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc ictimai (public) m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259y\u0259 maraql\u0131 olmal\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259lidir. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t hiss etm\u0259li v\u0259 ictima m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 qo\u015fulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Az\u0259rbaycanda t\u0259kc\u0259 h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259tin y\u00fcr\u00fctd\u00fcy\u00fc siyas\u0259t yox, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n siyasi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259if olmas\u0131, buna az maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00e7evr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 daim \u015fikay\u0259t edil\u0259n problem olub. Az\u0259rbaycanda v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n ictimai prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131 daha \u00e7ox se\u00e7ki\u00f6nc\u0259si v\u0259 se\u00e7ki prosesi zaman\u0131 olur. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n ictimai prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 bu m\u0259hdud formatda i\u015ftirak\u0131 da, m\u00fcst\u0259qillik tariximizd\u0259n b\u0259ri he\u00e7 zaman arzuolunan s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 olmay\u0131b. Yax\u0131n 15 il \u0259rzind\u0259 is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda se\u00e7kil\u0259r h\u0259m yerli, h\u0259m d\u0259 xarici t\u0259\u015fkilatlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n ciddi saxtakarl\u0131qlarla m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olundu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu is\u0259 son n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n se\u00e7ki institutuna olan inam\u0131n\u0131n itm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olub. Az\u0259rbaycanda v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131sa bir t\u0259\u015fkilatlara \u00fczv olmas\u0131 da qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nmay\u0131b. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bu m\u0259nada h\u0259mkarlar ittifaq\u0131n\u0131, siyasi partiyalar\u0131, qeyri-h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n siyasi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259if olmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya buna az maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sinin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bi var. \u00c7al\u0131\u015facam bu yaz\u0131da y\u0131\u011fcam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 onlar\u0131 sadalay\u0131m:\n<\/p>\n

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\n Klan v\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r
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\n <\/i>
\n Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u00fcasir demokratik sistemin yaranmas\u0131na \u0259ng\u0259l olan s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n biri ham\u0131n\u0131n tez-tez istifad\u0259 etdyi klan v\u0259 klan\u00e7l\u0131q fenomenidir. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 hesab edir ki, klan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q onun sosial strukturuna oturmu\u015f bir b\u0259lad\u0131r. Bu, o dem\u0259kdir ki, az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar formal institutlar v\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffaf prosedurlar \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 \u201cklan\u201d loyall\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha \u00e7ox meyl edir v\u0259 ona bel ba\u011flay\u0131r. Klan dedikd\u0259, az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131, formal v\u0259 ya qeyri-formal s\u0259lahiyy\u0259ti olan bir v\u0259 ya bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u015f\u0259xs\u0259 sadiqliyi, ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259nin qurulmas\u0131nda \u0259sas element qohumbazl\u0131qd\u0131r, amma bundan daha \u00f6n\u0259mlisi \u015f\u0259xsi sadiqlikdir.\u00a0 Demokratiyan\u0131n qurulmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259c\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t institutlar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 b\u0259s etmir. Bel\u0259 ki, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n sosial v\u0259 ya m\u0259d\u0259ni \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r d\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Amerikal\u0131 sosioloq Jame Coleman (Ceyms Koleman) bu d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00fcmumi olaraq \u201csosial kapital\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Sosial kapital dedikd\u0259, insanlar\u0131n \u00fcmumi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r u\u011fruna \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Bu kimi bacar\u0131q son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k etibarl\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Dem\u0259k olar ki, ist\u0259nil\u0259n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 insanlar daha \u00e7ox \u00f6z\u00a0 ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 ya yax\u0131n dostlar\u0131na etibar etm\u0259y\u0259 meyillidir. Amma o sosial institut v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar \u2013 b\u00f6y\u00fck biznesl\u0259r, ictima birlikl\u0259r, siyasi partiyalar \u2013 u\u011furlu say\u0131l\u0131r ki, orada \u015f\u0259xsi ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q olmur v\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 yad olan insanlar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcks\u0259k etibarl\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si olur. Etibarl\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sinin ail\u0259 v\u0259 yax\u0131n dostlarla m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259r \u201cklan c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cail\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri\u201d hesab edilir. Francis Fukuyama (Fransis Fukuyam) \u201c\u0130nam: Sosial M\u00fcdriklik v\u0259 Z\u0259nginliyin Yarad\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259, c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259k etibarl\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 etibarl\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 kateqoriyala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. O, bu faktor \u0259sas\u0131nda mill\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi institutlar yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edirdi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Yuxar\u0131da deyil\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n bu n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k olar ki, az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar m\u0259hz h\u0259m d\u0259 sosial kapital\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan effektiv v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkilatlar qura bilmirl\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar, \u00fcmumi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0259 formal qaydalardan daha \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259xsi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistemin\u0259 \u0259sasl\u0131 ki\u00e7ik qruplara meyl edirl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f institutunun inki\u015faf\u0131na dig\u0259r bir \u0259ng\u0259l kimi, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 olan\u00a0 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259cil (skeptik) yana\u015fma v\u0259 anti-siyasi bax\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yuxar\u0131da deyil\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bu problemin ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u0259b\u0259bi Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin m\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u0259ld\u0259 etdikd\u0259n b\u0259ri, onun siyasi hakimiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olanlar\u0131n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 siyasi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259n \u201ck\u0259narla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d durur. Se\u00e7ki saxtakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu problemin daha da artmas\u0131na v\u0259 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olub. \u018flimizd\u0259 sosial sor\u011fular olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131na inam\u0131n\u0131n hans\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 oldu\u011funu dey\u0259 bilm\u0259r\u0259m, amma \u015f\u0259xsi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259rim\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 insanlar\u0131m\u0131z q\u0259rarverici d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurumlar\u0131m\u0131za, parlament\u0259, polis\u0259 v\u0259 s.\u00a0 inanm\u0131r. Anti-siyasi bax\u0131\u015f, ki\u00e7ik qruplara olan etibarl\u0131l\u0131qla birl\u0259\u015fdikd\u0259 \u201cneopatrimonialism\u201d yaran\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 des\u0259k, bu, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ki\u00e7ik klientalist \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6zl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sidir. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik standart\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015fsaq, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 bu tipli bax\u0131\u015f \u201ckorrupsioner\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6vl\u0259t institutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cklan\u201d t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 korrupsiya problemi haz\u0131rda \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 olan \u0259n ciddi poblemdir.\n<\/p>\n

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\n V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f institutunun z\u0259if olmas\u0131nda neft faktorunun rolu
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\n Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti iqtisadi terminologiya il\u0259 des\u0259k, icar\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir. Y\u0259ni, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas qazanc\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n \u0259m\u0259yi v\u0259 ondan y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan vergi il\u0259 deyil, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif beyn\u0259lxalq v\u0259 ya yerli \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 istismar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn icar\u0259y\u0259 verilmi\u015f neft v\u0259 qaz yataqlar\u0131ndan formala\u015f\u0131r. Bu tipli d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259si v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n \u0259m\u0259yinin n\u0259tic\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda formala\u015fm\u0131r. Bunun is\u0259 ciddi f\u0259sadlar\u0131 olur.\n<\/p>\n

\n Birincisi, he\u00e7 bir \u0259m\u0259k s\u0259rf etm\u0259d\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 edil\u0259n g\u0259lird\u0259n b\u00fcdc\u0259ni dolduran \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259, h\u00f6kum\u0259tin v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fdan alaca\u011f\u0131 vergiy\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131 itir. Bu is\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 olaraq,\u00a0 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n verdiyi verginin h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n hara x\u0259rcl\u0259n\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131n itm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u0130kincisi, h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 maraqdan do\u011fan \u0259laq\u0259 itdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t aras\u0131nda olan sosial m\u00fcqavil\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirir. H\u00f6kum\u0259t \u0259haliy\u0259 xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n aparatdan f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n \u0259caib bir quruma \u00e7evrilir. \u018fg\u0259r bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00f6z v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n vergisind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131rsa, o, h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259ti \u00a0m\u0259cbur ed\u0259c\u0259k ki, u\u011furlu siyasi-iqtisadi modeller haz\u0131rlamaqla v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259sini v\u0259 etibar\u0131n\u0131 qazans\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u00f6z m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n verdiyi vergid\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olan h\u00f6kum\u0259td\u0259, vergi d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259murlar\u0131 il\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f aras\u0131nda m\u0259suliyy\u0259t hissi yaradan m\u0259cburedici al\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Bu zaman d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259murlar\u0131 maksimum \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ki, \u0259halinin g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259rini qar\u015f\u0131las\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcnki geni\u015f anlamda d\u00f6vl\u0259t funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131 \u00a0\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas maliyy\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flardan g\u0259lir. V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131nda \u0259sas investora \u00e7evrildiyind\u0259n \u00f6d\u0259diyi vergil\u0259rin d\u00fczg\u00fcn v\u0259 effektiv istifad\u0259sind\u0259 ciddi mara\u011fa sahib olur.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u018fsas g\u0259lirini v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n verdiyi vergid\u0259n yox, t\u0259bii s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n qazanan h\u00f6kum\u0259td\u0259 is\u0259 (renta h\u00f6kum\u0259ti) v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fa xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 azal\u0131r. D\u00f6vl\u0259t ma\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 idar\u0259 olunur, m\u0259murlar is\u0259 vergiy\u0259 c\u0259lb ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri yeni s\u0259rv\u0259t yerl\u0259ri yaratmaq haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcrl\u0259r.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bel\u0259 ki, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u0259suliyy\u0259t hissini itir\u0259n v\u0259 ondan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayan, bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, xaricd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n g\u0259lirl\u0259 qidalanan m\u0259murlar bu tipli g\u0259lir\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti kimi yana\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131rlar. Qazand\u0131qlar\u0131 s\u0259rv\u0259ti v\u0259 onlara varlanma imkan\u0131 yaradan siyasi hakmiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t aparat\u0131n\u0131 zorak\u0131, basq\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259zici bir orqana \u00e7evirirl\u0259r. \u00d6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas g\u0259liri siyasi hakimiyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n paylan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ham\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259msil olunanlara yax\u0131n olma\u011fa can at\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 sonda d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259 korrupsiya v\u0259 patronaj sistemi inki\u015faf etm\u0259sin\u0259, elit t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin varlanmas\u0131na, yerd\u0259 qalanlar\u0131n is\u0259 as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011fa v\u0259 kas\u0131b\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yuvarlanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur.\n<\/p>\n

\n V\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f institutu \u00f6z \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 itirir.\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti iqtisadi terminologiya il\u0259 des\u0259k, icar\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":25468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-168125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-xeberler","infinite-scroll-item","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nV\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f institutu niy\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirir? - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/article\/vetendas-institutu-niye-ehemiyyetini-itirir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f institutu niy\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirir? 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