{"id":281387,"date":"2023-08-03T18:20:44","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T14:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/?post_type=library-entry&p=281387"},"modified":"2023-12-26T16:18:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T12:18:21","slug":"cirkli-pullarin-yuyulmasi-ve-maliyye-cinayetleri","status":"publish","type":"library-entry","link":"https:\/\/www.meydan.tv\/az\/library-entry\/cirkli-pullarin-yuyulmasi-ve-maliyye-cinayetleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu f\u0259sil Korrupsiya v\u0259 M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil Cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ara\u015fd\u0131rl\u0131mas\u0131 Layih\u0259sinin (OCCRP) h\u0259mt\u0259sis\u00e7isi v\u0259 innovasiya \u00fczr\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259ri Pol Radu (Paul Radu) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaz\u0131l\u0131b.<\/a> O, bu t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 2007-ci ild\u0259 Dryu Sallivanla (Drew Sullivan) birlikd\u0259 t\u0259sis edib. Pol OCCRP-nin \u0259sas ara\u015fd\u0131rma layih\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q edir, regional geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rini t\u0259\u015fkil edir v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq miyqasda m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q v\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131n if\u015fa edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni strategiyalar v\u0259 texnologiyalar i\u015fl\u0259yib haz\u0131rlay\u0131r.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanla ba\u011fl\u0131 hiss\u0259sini oxumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0link\u0259 t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son 20 ild\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259rini ara\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r y\u0259qin ki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 biznesmenl\u0259ri ola bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. Onlarda bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn imkanlar var idi: bacar\u0131q, yarad\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti, \u00e7evir reaksiya, motivasiya,  \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r qurmaq v\u0259 liderlik bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 qeyri-adi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar risk\u0259 getm\u0259k h\u0259v\u0259si. Onlar\u0131n bir \u00e7oxu ist\u0259s\u0259ydil\u0259r, Elon Maskla legitim biznes d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda r\u0259qab\u0259t apara bil\u0259rdil\u0259r, lakin \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 cinay\u0259t yolunu se\u00e7dil\u0259r v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 planetin \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li v\u0259 ziyanl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrildil\u0259r.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onlar\u0131n biznes planlar\u0131  irimiqyasl\u0131 v\u0259 sad\u0259dir: \u201cdaha \u00e7ox qurban, daha \u00e7ox pul\u201d.  Onlar\u0131n i\u015fini asanla\u015fd\u0131ran budur ki, \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259li cinay\u0259tkarlar qit\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259tta qlobal miqyasda c\u0259zas\u0131z halda i\u015f apar\u0131rlarsa, onlar\u0131n t\u0259bii d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri \u2013 h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131 – milli s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259r v\u0259 milli maraqlar daxilind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q v\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131ran zaman, cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n biznes strukturunu anlamaq v\u0259 onlar\u0131n s\u0259hvl\u0259rini \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci hiss\u0259: Bu i\u015f nec\u0259 qurulub<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cinay\u0259tin maliyy\u0259 sxeml\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transmilli cinay\u0259tkar sindikatlar\u0131n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b qurulu\u015fa malik olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n, m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131qla m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri qura bil\u0259n v\u0259 ictimai maraqlar\u0131 qoruyan jurnalistl\u0259r v\u0259 ictimai f\u0259allar gedirl\u0259r. Lakin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r qurumlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131  m\u0259hdud, bu i\u015fi g\u00f6rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan maliyy\u0259 imkanlar\u0131 is\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n azd\u0131r.  Amma beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259r bir faktorun onlar\u0131n i\u015fin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etdiyini d\u0259rk edibl\u0259r: cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q bir \u00e7ox m\u0259nada bir \u0259mt\u0259\u0259 oldu\u011fundan v\u0259 eyni sisteml\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildiyind\u0259n, onu \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq v\u0259 if\u015fa etm\u0259k i\u015fi asanla\u015f\u0131r. Dig\u0259r s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r bir cinay\u0259tkar sxem bir \u00f6lk\u0259 v\u0259 ya region daxilind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirs\u0259, eyni cinay\u0259t modeli d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fqa yerin\u0259 d\u0259 ixrac edil\u0259c\u0259k.  Cinay\u0259t sxemi v\u0259 onun elementl\u0259rini d\u00fczg\u00fcn anlamaqla, pulun hara axd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259k v\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131 adi qaydada biznes aparmaq imkan\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum etm\u0259k olar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u0259qibimizin qanunsuz f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini effektiv sur\u0259td\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn biz onun motivl\u0259rini bilm\u0259liyik. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259, g\u0259lin cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n pullar\u0131 o\u011furlamaq, gizl\u0259tm\u0259k v\u0259 s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri \u0259sas metodlara n\u0259z\u0259r salaq.  \u0130kinci hiss\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 biz \u00f6z ara\u015fd\u0131rmam\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararl\u0131 olan metodlar v\u0259 ideyalarla tan\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131q. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259m yeni v\u0259 h\u0259m t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259li cinay\u0259tkarlar Korrupsiya v\u0259 M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil Cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ara\u015fd\u0131rl\u0131mas\u0131 Layih\u0259sinin (OCCRP) \u201ccinay\u0259t xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u0259nayesi\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259naye t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n davaml\u0131 sur\u0259td\u0259 qurulan v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n regional v\u0259 qlobal infrastrukturdan istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r.  Bu infrastrukturda b\u00f6y\u00fck sayda v\u0259kill\u0259r, bankirl\u0259r, m\u00fchasibl\u0259r, \u015firk\u0259t yaratma \u00fczr\u0259 agentl\u0259r, xakerl\u0259r, reputasiya menecmenti \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Onlar cinay\u0259t f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 imkan yaratmaq v\u0259 qanunsuz olaraq \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f pullar\u0131 investisiya etm\u0259kd\u0259 cinay\u0259tkarlara yard\u0131m ed\u0259r\u0259k pul qazan\u0131rlar. B\u0259s onda maliyy\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n cinay\u0259tin \u0259sas elementl\u0259ri hans\u0131lard\u0131r? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Off\u015for tipli \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cinay\u0259tkarlara gizlin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pul o\u011furlamaq v\u0259 iri miqyasda maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259rini h\u00fcquqi s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri adlamaqda k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n off\u015for maliyy\u0259 s\u0259nayesi v\u0259 gizli \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox yaz\u0131l\u0131b. \u201cOff\u015for Cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u201d(Offshore Crime,\u0130nc), \u201cPanama S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri\u201d (Panama Papers) v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 qeyri-qanuni \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q sal\u0131b. Bunun davam\u0131 olaraq, OCCRP-nin h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 davam ed\u0259n \u201cOpenLux\u201d layih\u0259si kimi i\u015fl\u0259r L\u00fcksemburq kimi d\u0259niz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin d\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi off\u015for m\u0259kanlar\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi gizlin xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259qdim etdikl\u0259rini v\u0259 ya etmi\u015f olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b. Y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 korrupsiyan\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rark\u0259n, cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n biznes strukturlar\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 qurduqlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k,  onlar\u0131n buraxd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya m\u0259cbur\u0259n etdikl\u0259ri s\u0259hvl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saxta \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n \u2013 saxta \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin – kimliyi arxas\u0131nda gizl\u0259nm\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259b olunur. Off\u015for \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r onlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131mi m\u0259xfiliyi t\u0259min ed\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. OCCRP \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015fl\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 biz saxta \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin \u00fc\u00e7 tipini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fik: x\u0259b\u0259rsiz olanlar, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r x\u0259b\u0259rdar olanlar v\u0259 cinay\u0259td\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259kd\u0259n tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259nl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u0259b\u0259rsiz saxta \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r  kimlikl\u0259ri o\u011furlanm\u0131\u015f (b\u0259z\u0259n internet provayderl\u0259rind\u0259n irimiqyasl\u0131 informasiya o\u011furlu\u011fu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259) adamlard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n adlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259kl\u0259 \u015firk\u0259t v\u0259 ya bank hesab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri yoxdur.  M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri olanlar \u00f6z kimlik s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rini ki\u00e7ik m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 pul m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 icar\u0259y\u0259 verirl\u0259r, lakin \u00e7ox zaman adlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirildiyi biznesin v\u0259 ya \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n h\u0259qiqi cinay\u0259t t\u0259rkibind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rsiz olurlar. Bil\u0259r\u0259kd\u0259n saxta \u015f\u0259xs kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259nl\u0259r, adlar\u0131ndan m\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, i\u015ftirak etdikl\u0259ri cinay\u0259t sxeml\u0259rind\u0259n tam x\u0259b\u0259rdard\u0131rlar v\u0259 g\u0259lird\u0259n pay al\u0131rlar. Hans\u0131 tip saxta \u015f\u0259xsin cinay\u0259t sxemind\u0259 i\u015ftirak etdiyini bil\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalist, cinay\u0259tin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hans\u0131 add\u0131mlar\u0131 atma\u011f\u0131n laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son zamanlar kriptovalyuta kimi yenilik\u00e7i m\u0259hsullar\u0131n maliyy\u0259 sektorunda peyda olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq,  banklar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n maliyy\u0259 sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259lledici rol oynama\u011fa davam edirl\u0259r. \u00d6zl\u0259rini bank sektoruna daxil ed\u0259r\u0259k bundan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkar qruplar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn banklar t\u0259bii h\u0259d\u0259fdirl\u0259r. Saxta \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r kimi, b\u0259zi banklar bu f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259kd\u0259n i\u015ftirak edir, b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rsiz \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur, ba\u015fqalar\u0131 is\u0259 ya  kriminal pullar\u0131n \u00f6z hesablar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7m\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alma\u011fa haz\u0131r deyill\u0259r, ya da \u00e7ox g\u00fcman ki, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259hd g\u00f6st\u0259rmirl\u0259r.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bank sistemi says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z ki\u00e7ik, orta v\u0259 iri banklar v\u0259 onlar\u0131n filiallar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. M\u00fch\u00fcm bir m\u0259qam\u0131 qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, ki\u00e7ik banklar yaln\u0131z daha iri banklarda m\u00fcxbir hesab\u0131 a\u00e7araq, qlobal maliyy\u0259 sistemin\u0259 qo\u015fula bil\u0259rl\u0259r. M\u00fcxbir hesab\u0131 qlobal pulk\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u0259min edir. Biz cinay\u0259tkarlara tam v\u0259 ya qism\u0259n  m\u0259xsus olan b\u00f6y\u00fck sayda ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 ya h\u0259tta orta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc banklar\u0131 t\u0259hqiq etmi\u015fik. Lakin bu banklar yen\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k v\u0259 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n iri banklar\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 idil\u0259r. A\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 cinay\u0259tkarlara \u00e7oxdan b\u0259llidir ki, banklar aras\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri z\u0259ifdir v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 qaydalar\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t sisteml\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n f\u0259rdi v\u0259 ki\u00e7ik d\u0259stl\u0259rd\u0259 apar\u0131lan \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259sil\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011fuldur. Bu, h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n yurisdiksiyadan k\u0259narda f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olan mane\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259rdir.  FinCENFiles s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 banklar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 sez\u0259 bilm\u0259dikl\u0259rini  g\u00f6st\u0259ribl\u0259r.  Cinay\u0259tkarlar n\u0259h\u0259ng m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 pullar\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif banklar v\u0259 bank hesablar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u0259r\u0259k, bundan istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 olan halda he\u00e7 bir bank onlar\u0131n n\u0259h\u0259ng miqyasda \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 ayd\u0131n t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr\u0259 malik ola bilm\u0259yib. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saxta m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 fakturalar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn cinay\u0259tkar qruplar saxta s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r, saxta m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 fakturalardan bank \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131na b\u0259ra\u0259t qazand\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Bu saxta fakturalar ka\u011f\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259, dey\u0259k ki, \u015f\u0259xsi komp\u00fcterl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t y\u00fck\u00fcn bir off\u015for \u015firk\u0259td\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259 sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir. Lakin pullar bir hesabdan dig\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcls\u0259 d\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259 bel\u0259 al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f ba\u015f verm\u0259yib. Bu qanunsuz praktika ticar\u0259t \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131lan \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 adlan\u0131r v\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 bu tip maliyy\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda y\u0259qin ki birinci yeri tutur. T\u0259bii ki, bank\u0131n \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara n\u0259zar\u0259t \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 maliyy\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131na aid h\u0259r bir y\u00fck konteynerini yoxlaya bilm\u0259z. M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarlar da bundan istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa hallarda, bank \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131na aid saxta s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r  eyni u\u011furla qondarma borclar\u0131n v\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259qiqiliyini t\u0259sdiq edir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furunun sirri, bu d\u00f6rd t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259ni b\u00fct\u00f6v bir paket hal\u0131nda cinay\u0259tkar qruplara v\u0259 korrupsioner siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259klif edilm\u0259sind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.  Cinay\u0259t xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u0259nayesi h\u0259tta saxta cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 dair t\u0259limat kitab\u00e7alar\u0131 da burax\u0131r. Bu t\u0259limatlarda \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin, bank hesablar\u0131n\u0131n, saxta \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin v\u0259 fakturalar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 bank n\u0259zar\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin v\u0259 h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n diqq\u0259tind\u0259n nec\u0259 yay\u0131nma\u011fa dair yollar g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir Latviya bank\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yay\u0131lan v\u0259 m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n, OCCRP t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n a\u015fkarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na dair bel\u0259 bir t\u0259limat kitab\u00e7as\u0131ndan n\u00fcmun\u0259 il\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tan\u0131\u015f ola bil\u0259rsiniz: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u00fcqavil\u0259 v\u0259 ya fakturada g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015f \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lma \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri real olmal\u0131d\u0131r: Mallar\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259nd\u0259, onlar\u0131n hans\u0131 yolla \u201cda\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131\u201d bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r (y\u00fck\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259kisi, h\u0259cmi, istehsal m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259sinin \u00fcnvan\u0131, n\u0259qliyyat tipi: quru yol, d\u0259miryolu v\u0259 ya g\u0259mi il\u0259). \u201cDa\u015f\u0131nacaq\u201d mallar\u0131n h\u0259cmi v\u0259 ya \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcrs\u0259, d\u0259miryoluna v\u0259 ya d\u0259niz portuna yax\u0131n zavodun ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rin\u201d.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

OCCRP bu c\u00fcr a\u00e7ar t\u0259slim \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 sisteml\u0259rini \u201clandromatlar\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131r. Onlar b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259nil\u0259 bil\u0259n maliyy\u0259 mexanizml\u0259ridir. Landormatlar ad\u0259t\u0259n bank v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa maliyy\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri \u015firk\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurularaq, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259rinin g\u0259lirl\u0259rini t\u0259miz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq, aktivl\u0259rin\u0259 sahib olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 gizl\u0259tm\u0259k, \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n pul o\u011furlamaq, vergil\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 valyuta m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n yay\u0131nmaq v\u0259 ya pullar\u0131n\u0131 off\u015forlara ke\u00e7irm\u0259kd\u0259 yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di g\u00fcd\u00fcr. OCCRP 2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u201cRusiya Landromat\u0131\u201d ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 bu termini ilk d\u0259f\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259tmi\u015fdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Landromat internetd\u0259 istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 tam anonimliyi t\u0259min ed\u0259n TOR brauzerinin maliyy\u0259 ekvivalentidir. Landromatlar t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f pullar\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif banklarda yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Bu da m\u0259xfliyi saxlama\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn edir, bel\u0259 ki, h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir t\u0259sisat apar\u0131lan \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar bar\u0259d\u0259 tam anlay\u0131\u015fa malik olmur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Landromatlar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 olan, ilk bax\u0131\u015fdan m\u00fcst\u0259qil g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n, lakin bir m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259n, ad\u0259t\u0259n bankdan idar\u0259 olunan \u015firtk\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.  Yuyulma prosesi m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri pulu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259nin qov\u015fa\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nd\u0259rdikd\u0259n sonra ba\u015flay\u0131r.  \u00c7ox vaxt  m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri mal v\u0259 ya xidm\u0259tin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair saxta s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir.  Bundan sonra pul dig\u0259r qov\u015faqlara yeni qondarma s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r qo\u015fulmaqla hiss\u0259-hiss\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir. \u018fn sonda, pul m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259rinin se\u00e7diyi off\u015for \u015firk\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa \u00fcnvana g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir (landromat \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 aparanlar\u0131n pay faizi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131laraq).  Pulun sahibi v\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yinin izi \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259, h\u0259tta h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 qurumlar\u0131n\u0131n izl\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yi s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6rt-basd\u0131r edilir. (Daha \u0259trafl\u0131 bu haqda OCCRP-nin Landromatlar: Suallar v\u0259 cavablar m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 oxuya bil\u0259rsiniz). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Landromatlar\u0131n h\u0259tta \u0259n iri banklar\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259n k\u0259nar nec\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259si, D\u00f6y\u00e7e Bank\u0131n OCCRP-y\u0259 s\u0131zm\u0131\u015f daxili s\u0259n\u0259dind\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.  Bu s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 bank\u0131n, onun qlobal maliyy\u0259 infrastrukturundan \u00f6z xeyrin\u0259 istifad\u0259 etmi\u015f Rusiya Landromat\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini nec\u0259 g\u00f6zd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259svir edilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6y\u00e7e Bank\u0131n OCCRP-y\u0259 s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u015f daxili istifad\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bu slayd, bank\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn x\u0259b\u0259ri olmadan n\u0259h\u0259ng Rusiya \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 sxemind\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259svir edir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015e\u0259kil: Skrin\u015fot<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015fd\u0131rma n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkar qruplar\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n maliyy\u0259 sistemini nec\u0259 manipulyasiya etm\u0259sin\u0259 dair bir \u00e7ox misallar var. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif co\u011frafiyalara aid olsalar da, ham\u0131s\u0131nda eyni \u015fablon t\u0259krar olunur v\u0259 yuxar\u0131da g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n Rusiya Landromat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u0259 ya b\u0259zi elementl\u0259rini t\u0259krarlay\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Landromat\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n sanksiya \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u201c\u0130qtisadi cihad\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Landromat\u0131 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 Bak\u0131 elitas\u0131na avropal\u0131 siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259k  v\u0259 y\u00fcz milyonlarla pulu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xarmaq imkan\u0131 verirdi. Lakin OCCRP bu \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 mexanizmind\u0259n \u0130ran\u0131n da AB\u015e v\u0259 Avropa sanksiyalar\u0131ndan yay\u0131nmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etdiyini \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 \u0130rana T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Prezidenti R\u0259c\u0259b Tayyib \u018frdo\u011fana yax\u0131n olan iranl\u0131-t\u00fcrkiy\u0259li cani Reza Z\u0259rrab\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarlar qrupu k\u00f6m\u0259k edirdi.  Z\u0259rrab\u0131n apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 yuxar\u0131da sadalanan klassik elementl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edirdi v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, AB\u015e v\u0259 \u0130ran aras\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259kd\u0259 olan geosiyasi qalmaqala s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Bu hadis\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tin qeyr-sabitlik d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 nec\u0259 \u0259l-qol a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 siyasi qar\u015f\u0131durmalardan nec\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sini n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Troyka Landromat<\/strong><\/a>\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Troyka Landromat\u0131 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b maliyy\u0259 sistemind\u0259n ibar\u0259t olaraq,  Rusiya oliqarxlar\u0131na v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259li siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin\u0259 gizlin sur\u0259td\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259dikl\u0259ri milyonlar\u0131 yat\u0131rmaq, vergil\u0259rd\u0259n yay\u0131nmaq, d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 pay almaq, Rusiya v\u0259 xaricd\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlaka sahib olmaq v\u0259 ba\u015fqa i\u015fl\u0259ri g\u00f6rm\u0259k imkan\u0131 verirdi.  Troyka Landromat\u0131 bu \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n h\u0259qiqi sahibl\u0259rinin kimlikl\u0259rini gizl\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. OCCRP v\u0259 onun t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015flar\u0131 bu sxemin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli t\u0259hlil v\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rma n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 a\u00e7a bildi. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 238 000 \u015firk\u0259tin 1.3 milyona yax\u0131n \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ki, bu da tarixd\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck miyqasda bank m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rc edilm\u0259si hesab edilir.  Bu sxemi izah ed\u0259n videoya baxmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn buraya ke\u00e7id edin. (link yoxdur) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Troyka Landromat\u0131n\u0131n if\u015fas\u0131, \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7ox az informasiya veril\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck sayda bank \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hlili n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Biz sonradan Troyka Landromat\u0131 adland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edib se\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k, t\u0259krar olunan add\u0131mlar\u0131 axtarmal\u0131 olduq. Biz kimin sxemin t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, kimin istifad\u0259\u00e7isi olmas\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rd etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259hvl\u0259ri, pis qurulmu\u015f \u0259laq\u0259 x\u0259tl\u0259rini tapmal\u0131 olduq.   M\u0259lumatlar\u0131n h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli t\u0259hlili say\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdik ki, \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 t\u0259rtib ed\u0259n banklar ki\u00e7ik, lakin h\u0259lledici s\u0259hv\u0259 yol veribl\u0259r: onlar milyardlarla dollarla apar\u0131lan \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n onlarla off\u015for \u015firk\u0259tin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan agentl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259r etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259mi \u00fc\u00e7 qeyri-\u015f\u0259ffaf \u015firk\u0259td\u0259n istifad\u0259 edibl\u0259r.  Bu \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259rin h\u0259r biri c\u0259mi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fcz dollardan ibar\u0259t idi v\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, milyonlarla daha iri \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259rin aras\u0131nda itib batm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.  Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 biz onlar\u0131 tapmal\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n daha b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fablonun bir hiss\u0259si oldu\u011funu t\u0259sdiq etm\u0259li idik. M\u0259hz bu \u00fcmumi t\u0259krar olunan detal\u0131 a\u015fkar etdikd\u0259n sonra Troyka Landromat\u0131n\u0131n miyqas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rivyera Maya Qrupu <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rivyera Maya Qrupu (RMQ) q\u0259ddar v\u0259 zorak\u0131 trans\u0259rh\u0259d t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 idi. O,  m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nec\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si v\u0259 dig\u0259r biznes sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 daxil olmas\u0131na bariz n\u00fcmun\u0259dir. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 bu bandit qrupunun \u00fczvl\u0259ri Avropada skimmerlik, y\u0259ni bankomatlarda qeyri-qanuni cihazlar v\u0259 ya proqram t\u0259minatlar\u0131 yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kl\u0259 debit v\u0259 kredit kartlar\u0131n\u0131n detallar\u0131n\u0131 o\u011furlamaqla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idil\u0259r.  Sonra onlar bir Meksika bank\u0131 il\u0259 biznes \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri quraraq, \u00f6lk\u0259nin c\u0259nubunda Kankun v\u0259 Tulum aras\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Rivyera Maya adl\u0131 turizm m\u0259kan\u0131nda y\u00fczd\u0259n \u00e7ox bankomat yerl\u0259\u015fdirdil\u0259r v\u0259 200 milyon dollardan \u00e7ox qanunsuz pul \u0259ld\u0259 etdil\u0259r.  RMQ saxta s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r, qondarma \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t v\u0259siq\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 saxta \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, n\u0259inki \u00f6z biznesini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirdi, h\u0259m\u00e7inin istintaqdan yay\u0131nan qa\u00e7aqlara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaq verm\u0259kl\u0259 v\u0259 Meksikadan AB\u015e-a insan qa\u00e7aqmal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259r \u0259mlak reyestrl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 diqq\u0259tl\u0259rini c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kl\u0259, m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan investisiya yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 miqyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fkara \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259rl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci Hiss\u0259: D\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc nec\u0259 a\u00e7mal\u0131 \u2013 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t v\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ayd\u0131n oldu\u011fu kimi, m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkar qruplar pullar\u0131n o\u011furlu\u011funun gizl\u0259dilm\u0259si v\u0259 investisiyas\u0131n\u0131 olduqca a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 yollarla h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. Lakin onlar\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259 bilm\u0259dikl\u0259ri bir \u015fey var ki, o da zamand\u0131r. H\u0259r g\u00fcn jurnalistl\u0259r, f\u0259allar v\u0259 ba\u015fqa ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar daha \u00e7ox transmilli m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n t\u0259hlili t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si qazan\u0131rlar, h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259r is\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q, \u015firk\u0259t\u0259 sahiblik v\u0259 \u0259mlaka dair yeni qaydalar t\u0259tbiq edirl\u0259r.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bank v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n maliyy\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fini t\u0259hqiq ed\u0259rk\u0259n, bank s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rini \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck u\u011furdur. Lakin m\u0259xfi, \u00f6z\u0259l s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onlar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. Jurnalistl\u0259r he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 s\u0131zmalara v\u0259 ya bank i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rinin bu s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri onlara \u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 ya da maliyy\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259n orqanlar\u0131n onlara yard\u0131m ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 bel ba\u011flaya bilm\u0259zl\u0259r. Amma bank s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rini \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259yin ba\u015fqa bir yolu da var.  Bel\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r \u00e7ox zaman m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarlara qar\u015f\u0131 cinay\u0259t m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ya h\u0259tta kommersiya v\u0259 m\u00fclki m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 tikilir.  Bu, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015finin apar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin qanunlar\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.  AB\u015e Elektron M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259  \u0130ctimai \u00c7\u0131x\u0131\u015f (PACER) proqram\u0131 qlobal bank s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rinin \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259yidir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, OCCRP, AB\u015e Az\u0259rbaycan Landromat\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri Reza Z\u0259rrabiy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 cinay\u0259t i\u015fi a\u00e7d\u0131qdan sonra PACER vasit\u0259sil\u0259 v\u0259 AB\u015e m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 informasiya azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259riz\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 y\u00fcz minl\u0259rl\u0259 bank s\u0259n\u0259di \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bilmi\u015fdi.  Bundan \u0259vv\u0259l d\u0259 bel\u0259 yolla biz d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 orqanlar\u0131ndan buna b\u0259nz\u0259r s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bilmi\u015fik.  Bel\u0259 bank s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri \u00e7ox zaman h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n toplum \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 m\u00fcsadir\u0259 edilir v\u0259 onlar\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u0259zin\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maliyy\u0259 institutlar\u0131ndan s\u0131zm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259t m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 da (SAR \u2013 suspicious activity reports), m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, FinCENFiles t\u0259hqiqat\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r,  bank sirl\u0259rinin astar \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bilir.  S\u0131zmalar\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 k\u0259miyy\u0259tinin artmas\u0131 lab\u00fcdd\u00fcr v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n xidm\u0259t etdiyi c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rli ola bil\u0259rl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131 v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 iki cinay\u0259tkar qrup aras\u0131nda kommersiya m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, bu zaman bir-birin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ittihamlar ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r v\u0259 bu zaman m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259d\u0259 bo\u015fanan \u0259r v\u0259 arvad\u0131 xat\u0131rlad\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u0259kil: \u018fnn Kiernan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n G\u0130JN \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlan\u0131b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fmlak s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cinay\u0259tkarlar bahal\u0131 \u0259\u015fyalara sahib olma\u011f\u0131 sevirl\u0259r.  L\u00fcks avtomobil, saat v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r g\u00f6z qama\u015fd\u0131ran bahal\u0131 \u0259\u015fyalars\u0131z onlar\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k olmur. Amma m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259td\u0259n al\u0131nan g\u0259lirl\u0259r \u00e7ox zaman da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlaka, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, d\u0259bd\u0259b\u0259li saraylara, iri k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 ya me\u015f\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259nir. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma aparan jurnalistl\u0259r m\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n edil\u0259n investisiyalar\u0131n d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131n\u0131n miqyas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlar\u0131n \u0259mlak s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259mlak s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri ictimaiyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131qd\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259mlak\u0131n haz\u0131rk\u0131, ke\u00e7mi\u015f sahibl\u0259rini, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 alq\u0131 qiym\u0259ti v\u0259 vergil\u0259r kimi t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcatlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eirk\u0259t s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milli v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u015firk\u0259t qeydiyyat\u0131 siyah\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 s\u0259hmdarlar v\u0259 \u015fura \u00fczvl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 deyil,  bir \u00e7ox halda \u015firk\u0259tin maliyy\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat ver\u0259 bil\u0259r. Nadir hallarda bel\u0259 siyah\u0131lar h\u0259m d\u0259 bank \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131, \u0259mlak s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 h\u0259tta s\u0259hmdar ola bil\u0259n off\u015for tipli \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 qismi informasiya v\u0259 ya benefisiar informasiya ver\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. \u00c7ox zaman biz benefisiar t\u0259r\u0259f haqq\u0131nda informasiyan\u0131 bel\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin qeyri-qanuni fondlar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 yerl\u0259rd\u0259ki \u015firk\u0259t v\u0259 ya \u0259mlak siyah\u0131lar\u0131ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fck.  Yadda saxlamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, bel\u0259 informasiya he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259msalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131laraq informasiya bazas\u0131na sal\u0131nmay\u0131b.  Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 telefon z\u0259ngi v\u0259 ya siyah\u0131lar\u0131n saxlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer\u0259 getm\u0259kl\u0259 siz internetd\u0259 oldu\u011fundan daha \u00e7ox informasiya \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banklar\u0131n benefisiar sahibliyini a\u015fkar edilm\u0259si y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7irkli pillar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131n if\u015fas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259dir. Banklara h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir kommersiya \u015firk\u0259ti kimi yana\u015f\u0131n v\u0259 onun sahibi tapma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 yeni t\u0259sis edilmi\u015f, ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 orta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc banklara bel\u0259 yana\u015fma m\u00fch\u00fcmd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mport-Eksport informasiya bazalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz \u00e7ox zaman ImportGenius v\u0259 ya Panjiva kimi informasiya bazalar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, import-eksport \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131n izin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fck. Bu bazalar bahal\u0131d\u0131r \u2013 ImportGenius bir AB\u015e \u015firk\u0259tinin bir il \u0259rzind\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 import \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 199 AB\u015e dollar\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Lakin bu bazalar ticar\u0259t\u0259 \u0259saslanan \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaqda k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.  Biz bu informasiya bazalar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 landromatda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rin ba\u015fqa saxta kommersiya \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131nda i\u015ftirak edib-etm\u0259m\u0259sini ay\u0131rd ed\u0259 bilirik.  Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r: Bir \u00e7ox d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 illik import-eksport \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 siyah\u0131s\u0131 milli m\u0259lumat azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 qanunlar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r.  BMT-nin statistika sayt\u0131 Nations Comtrade is\u0259 import-eksport \u015fablonlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qlobal ticar\u0259t\u0259 dair informasiya t\u0259klif edir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alef<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OCCRP olaraq biz ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Alef adl\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat materiallar\u0131 arxivi yaratm\u0131\u015f\u0131q. Burada \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r, \u0259mlak, bank hesablar\u0131, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri, s\u0131zmalar v\u0259 sair\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r haqq\u0131nda indeksl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f informasiya saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. Lakin bu ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131cd\u0131r. Alef jurnalistl\u0259r\u0259 informasiyadan ba\u015f \u00e7\u0131xarmaq v\u0259 ictimai maraqlar namin\u0259 m\u0259nal\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rma aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm olan cinay\u0259t \u015fablonlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131maqda yard\u0131m edir.  Jurnalistl\u0259r Alefd\u0259 \u201cmaraq do\u011furan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u201d adl\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259t siyah\u0131lar\u0131 qura bil\u0259r. Bizim sistem is\u0259 h\u0259min \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri davaml\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 sistemin daxilind\u0259 olan dig\u0259r m\u0259lumatla tutu\u015fdura bilir.  Bu, bizim i\u015f prosesimizi avtomatla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r,  yeni v\u0259 faydal\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalara z\u0259min yarad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

OCCRP ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259r\u0259 ictimai arxivl\u0259ri v\u0259 s\u0131zmalar\u0131 axtarmaq imkanl ver\u0259n Alef adl\u0131 faydal\u0131 resursa malikdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foto: Skrin\u015fot<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 bizi n\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259yir? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son onillikl\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 transmilli cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131q h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131ndan, ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 f\u0259allardan asanl\u0131qla yay\u0131na bilirdi.  Jurnalistl\u0259r s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri adlayaraq \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayandan sonra v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yava\u015f-yava\u015f d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.  Lakin n\u0259h\u0259ng maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saitl\u0259rin\u0259 malik olmalar\u0131 v\u0259 yeni texnologiyalardan h\u00fcquq-m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131ndan daha tez yararlana bilm\u0259l\u0259ri say\u0259sind\u0259, cinay\u0259tkarlar h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u0259 malikdirl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir qrup da var ki, \u00e7ox zaman onun t\u0259sirini yet\u0259rinc\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirmirl\u0259r. Bunlar, bel\u0259 dem\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcrs\u0259, cinay\u0259tkar m\u0259l\u0259k s\u0259rmay\u0259darlard\u0131r. Onlar ba\u015fqa cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u0259lir m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirirl\u0259r v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259\u015fmi\u015f olduqlar\u0131 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaranan imkanlardan b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259nirl\u0259r. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalistl\u0259r cinay\u0259t \u0259traf\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015f maliyy\u0259 ekosistemini daha yax\u015f\u0131 anlamal\u0131d\u0131rlar.  Bu ekosistemd\u0259 cinay\u0259tkar xidm\u0259tl\u0259r s\u0259nayesi \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259nir v\u0259 yeni \u00e7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 v\u0259 gizlin investisiya texnikalar\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259yib haz\u0131rlay\u0131r.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259kam\u00fcl ed\u0259n metodlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131 jurnalist t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131n \u00f6z biznes modell\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri kriptovalyuta, blok\u00e7eyn, NFT v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra dig\u0259r yeni al\u0259tl\u0259rin nec\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyini anlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vaxt v\u0259 pul s\u0259rf etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPulu izl\u0259\u201d bir azdan \u201ckodu izl\u0259\u201d (alqoritm kodlar\u0131) il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olunacaq. Amma \u0259vv\u0259l-ax\u0131r bu kod da cinay\u0259td\u0259n al\u0131nan da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi kimi fiziki formada \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu f\u0259sil Korrupsiya v\u0259 M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil Cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ara\u015fd\u0131rl\u0131mas\u0131 Layih\u0259sinin (OCCRP) h\u0259mt\u0259sis\u00e7isi … <\/p>\n

Davam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":281448,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":""},"library-category":[117],"class_list":["post-281387","library-entry","type-library-entry","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","library-category-occrp","infinite-scroll-item","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri\u00a0 - MEYDAN.TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c7irkli pullar\u0131n yuyulmas\u0131 v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri\u00a0 - MEYDAN.TV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu f\u0259sil Korrupsiya v\u0259 M\u00fct\u0259\u015f\u0259kkil Cinay\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ara\u015fd\u0131rl\u0131mas\u0131 Layih\u0259sinin (OCCRP) h\u0259mt\u0259sis\u00e7isi ... 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